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Exception Handling

The document discusses exception handling in Java and Spring Boot, outlining types of exceptions such as checked, unchecked, and errors. It emphasizes best practices like using meaningful custom exceptions, logging, and utilizing try-with-resources for resource management. Additionally, it covers Spring Boot's centralized exception handling mechanisms using @ExceptionHandler and @ControllerAdvice for better error management.

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7 views7 pages

Exception Handling

The document discusses exception handling in Java and Spring Boot, outlining types of exceptions such as checked, unchecked, and errors. It emphasizes best practices like using meaningful custom exceptions, logging, and utilizing try-with-resources for resource management. Additionally, it covers Spring Boot's centralized exception handling mechanisms using @ExceptionHandler and @ControllerAdvice for better error management.

Uploaded by

srivastavaraj847
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exception Handling

Alan Biju
@itsmeambro
Exception Handling
1. Exception Handling in Java
Exception handling is a critical concept in Java and Spring Boot
applications to ensure robust and maintainable code.
Types of Exceptions

(i) Checked Exceptions (Compile-time):


Must be handled using try-catch or throws.
Examples: IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException
(ii) Unchecked Exceptions (Runtime)
Do not require explicit handling.
Examples: NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,
ArithmeticException
(iii) Errors
Indicate serious problems (not recoverable).
Examples: OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError
Java Exception Handling Best Practices
✅ Use Meaningful Custom Exceptions
public void loginUser(String username) {
if (username == null || username.isEmpty()) {
throw new InvalidUserException("Username cannot be empty");
}
}
✅ Never Swallow Exceptions: log exceptions properly
try {
int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.err.println("Error: Division by zero");
}
✅ Use try-with-resources for Resource Management
Java 7+ introduced try-with-resources to auto-close resources like
BufferedReader, FileWriter, Connection, etc.
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new FileReader("data.txt"))) {
System.out.println(br.readLine());
} catch (IOException e) {
Alan Biju
01 @itsmeambro
System.err.println("Error reading file: " +
e.getMessage());
}
Prevents memory leaks
Automatically closes resources
✅ Use finally Block Wisely
finally is used for cleanup (closing DB connections, files, etc.).
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db",
"user", "password");
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("Database error: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("Error closing connection");
}
}
}
✅ Use throw vs throws Correctly
throws → Declares an exception in method signature.
throw → Used to actually throw an exception.
void process() throws IOException {
throw new IOException("File not found");
}

Alan Biju
02 @itsmeambro
2. Exception Handling in Spring Boot
Spring Boot provides a centralized way to handle exceptions using
the @ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, and
ResponseEntityExceptionHandler.
1️⃣ Using @ExceptionHandler (Local Handling)
You can use @ExceptionHandler in a controller to handle specific
exceptions.
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {

@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable int id) {
if (id <= 0) {
throw new UserNotFoundException("User not found with
ID: " + id);
}
return new User(id, "John Doe");
}

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<String>
handleUserNotFoundException(UserNotFoundException ex) {
return ResponseEntity
.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
.body(ex.getMessage());
}
}
2️⃣ Using @ControllerAdvice (Global Exception Handling)
Instead of handling exceptions inside individual controllers, we can create
a global handler.
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<String>
handleUserNotFoundException(UserNotFoundException ex) {

Alan Biju
03 @itsmeambro
return ResponseEntity
.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
.body(ex.getMessage());
}

@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<String> handleGenericException(Exception
ex) {
return ResponseEntity
.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
.body("An error occurred: " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
3️⃣ Using ResponseEntityExceptionHandler for Standard Responses
Extending ResponseEntityExceptionHandler provides more control.
@RestControllerAdvice
public class CustomExceptionHandler extends
ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
protected ResponseEntity<Object> handleUserNotFoundException(
UserNotFoundException ex,
WebRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = new HashMap<>();
body.put("timestamp", new Date());
body.put("message", ex.getMessage());
return new ResponseEntity<>(body, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
}

Alan Biju
04 @itsmeambro
📌 Exception Handling Best Practices
✅ Use specific exceptions instead of Exception
✅ Provide meaningful messages for debugging
✅ Never swallow exceptions (log or handle them)
✅ Use finally or try-with-resources for cleanup
✅ Avoid logging + throwing the same exception
✅ Use @ControllerAdvice for centralized exception handling.
✅ Use meaningful HTTP status codes (404 NOT FOUND, 400 BAD
REQUEST).
✅ Avoid exposing sensitive details in error messages.
✅ Use custom exceptions for clarity (UserNotFoundException,
InvalidRequestException).
✅ Log exceptions properly (logger.error("Error Message", ex)).

Alan Biju
05 @itsmeambro
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@itsmeambro

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