MODULE I.

INTRODUCTION TO PLANE AND SOLID

GEOMETRY
LESSON 4: Calculations Involving the Volume of Solid Figures

WONDERS OF MATH!

Do you believe that as always, mathematics holds a special place in every environment.
Look at the picture? Yes, it is observable that there are a lot of things inside the faculty room of
PNUSL professors. But do you wonder how many things or tools or equipment could that room
hold? Well, in that context, you are actually thinking of how much space that room has.

The wonders of mathematics are evident in this situation, where volume calculations
enable us to optimize the room's layout and usage, ensuring that the space is both functional
and efficient.

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 INTRODUCTION!

As a BMSEE student you will learn more about solid figures and understand their
properties. Based on what you learned from the past three lessons of this module, solids have
three dimensions. These are width, length, and height. Together with your classmates you will
calculate the volume and all of you will gain skills that are applicable to real-life situations. In the
group activity, you will focus on the key formulas and methods for calculating the properties of
solid figures. Therefore, as future ready teacher it will empower you with the mathematical tools
to approach the activities with confidence.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES!

1. Identify various solid figures and describe their key properties related to volume.
2. Understand and apply the formulas for calculating the volume of common solid
figures
3. Solve real-life problems that require calculating the volume of solid figures

LET’S WORK THROUGH THIS!

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the volume of a cube with a side length of 4 cm?

2. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 5 meters and a height of 10 meters. What is
the volume of the tank?

3. A cone has a radius of 3 cm and a height of 8 cm. Find its volume.

4. A basketball is shaped like a sphere. If the radius of the basketball is 6 cm, what is its
volume?

5. A storage box in a warehouse has the dimensions of 4 meters in length, 3 meters in

width, and 2 meters in height. What is the volume of the storage box, and how much
space does it occupy?

Answers:

1. V=64 cm3
2. V=785.4 m 3
3. V=75.4 cm3
4. V=904.3 cm 3
5. V=24 m 3

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 LET’S EXPLORE THIS!

Volume of Solid Figures

In this section, we will explore how to calculate the volume of various solid figures.
Volume is the amount of space that a three-dimensional object occupies. Understanding
volume is essential in fields such as architecture, engineering, and even everyday tasks
like filling a container with liquid.

1. Volume of a Cube

A cube is a special type of rectangular prism where all sides have equal length. The
volume of a cube is calculated by cubing the length of one of its sides.

Formula for Volume:

V= s3 Where s = length of one side

Example:
If the side length of a cube is 4 cm, the volume is:

V=4 cm3= 64 cm3

2. Volume of a Rectangular Prism

A rectangular prism (or rectangular box) has three different dimensions: length, width,
and height. The volume is found by multiplying these three dimensions.

Formula for Volume:

V=l×w×h Where: l = length, w = width, h = height

Example:
A storage box has dimensions 4 meters by 3 meters by 2 meters. The volume is:

V= 4m × 3m × 2m = 24 m3

3. Volume of a Cylinder

A cylinder has two circular bases and a curved surface connecting them. The volume of a
cylinder is determined by the area of the circular base and the height of the cylinder.

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Formula for Volume:

V=πr 2h Where r = radius of the circular base, h = height

Example:
A cylindrical tank has a radius of 5 meters and a height of 10 meters. The volume is:

V = π(5 m 2) (10m) = 785.4m3

4. Volume of a Cone

A cone has a circular base and a pointed top. The volume of a cone is one-third of the
volume of a cylinder with the same base and height.

Formula for Volume:

1
V= πr 2h Where: r = radius of the base, h = height
3

Example:
A cone has a radius of 3 cm and a height of 8 cm. The volume is:

1
V= πr 2h
3

1
V= π(3 cm2)(8cm) = 75.4cm3
3

5. Volume of a Sphere

A sphere is a perfectly round object where every point on its surface is equidistant from
the center. The volume of a sphere is calculated using its radius.

Formula for Volume:

4
V= πr 3 Where: r = radius
3

Example:
A basketball has a radius of 6 cm. The volume is:

4
V= π(6 cm ¿ ¿3 = 288πcm3
3

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Practical Applications of Volume Calculations

Understanding how to calculate the volume of solid figures is not just an abstract mathematical
concept; it has a wide range of practical applications in various fields. Below are some areas
where volume calculations are essential:

1. Architecture and Construction

In architecture and construction, volume calculations are crucial for optimizing the use of space
and resources. For example:

Room Design: Calculating the volume of a room allows architects to plan for proper
ventilation, heating, and cooling systems. The volume of a room affects how much air
circulates and the amount of energy needed to regulate temperature.

Material Estimation: When constructing buildings, the volume of materials needed

(such as concrete or plaster) can be determined by calculating the volume of solid
structures like walls, columns, or foundations. This helps in budgeting and minimizing
waste.

Interior Design: Furniture and storage planning also rely on volume calculations.
Determining the volume of a storage unit or bookshelf allows designers to understand
the space it will occupy and how much storage it can provide.

2. Manufacturing and Packaging

In manufacturing, volume calculations are used to determine how much raw material is needed
to create products, as well as to design packaging:

Product Design: Many products are created from solid materials, and knowing their
volume is essential for estimating material costs. For example, the volume of a metal
block determines how much metal will be needed to create a part or tool.

Packaging: Packaging engineers calculate the volume of products to design boxes,

containers, or crates that will hold items securely during shipping. Knowing the volume
of a product allows for efficient packing, saving space and reducing shipping costs.

3. Environmental Science and Agriculture

Volume calculations play an important role in managing natural resources and maximizing
agricultural production:

Water Conservation and Storage: The volume of water tanks or reservoirs needs to be
calculated for water supply management. For example, the volume of a rainwater
harvesting tank determines how much water can be collected and stored for later use.

Soil and Fertilizer Management: In agriculture, the volume of soil or compost required
to fill a specific area is crucial. Calculating the volume of a garden bed, for instance, helps
gardeners determine how much soil or fertilizer to purchase to optimize plant growth.

4. Healthcare and Medicine

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In healthcare, calculating the volume of certain objects and substances is critical:

Medication Dosage: Liquid medications, such as syrups or injections, are prescribed

based on volume. Medical professionals calculate the volume of the medicine needed
for a specific dosage, ensuring patients receive the correct amount.

Body Volume Measurements: Doctors may use volume calculations to measure body
fluid retention, organ sizes, or determine the appropriate size for medical devices like
prosthetics and implants.

5. Sports and Recreation

In the world of sports, volume calculations are used in various ways:

Sports Equipment: In sports like basketball, football, or volleyball, the volume of the ball
is a critical measurement. For example, the volume of a basketball affects its bounce and
handling, which can influence gameplay.

Swimming Pools: The volume of a swimming pool is essential for determining how much
water is required to fill the pool, as well as the amount of chemicals (e.g., chlorine)
needed for proper maintenance.

6. Transportation and Logistics

Volume calculations are also widely used in logistics to optimize the transportation of goods:

Cargo Shipping: Shipping companies calculate the volume of goods being transported to
determine how much space will be needed on a ship, truck, or airplane. This helps in
maximizing storage efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safe transport.

Fuel Storage and Distribution: The volume of fuel tanks, whether for cars or industrial
use, is calculated to ensure sufficient storage capacity and efficient distribution
networks.

7. Art and Sculpture

In the arts, especially sculpture, volume calculations are used for planning the dimensions and
materials of a piece:

Sculpture Design: Sculptors calculate the volume of a sculpture to determine how much
material (stone, clay, metal, etc.) is needed to create a piece. They also consider the
volume to understand the space the sculpture will occupy in a gallery or exhibition.

3D Printing: Volume calculations are used in 3D printing to ensure that the printer has
the necessary material to create a model. Designers calculate the volume of digital
models before printing to estimate how much filament will be required.

8. Fluid and Gas Storage

Volume calculations are especially important in industries that deal with fluids and gases:

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 Fuel Tanks: Volume is used to determine the capacity of fuel storage tanks, such as those
used in gas stations or for aircraft. This ensures that the tank can store an adequate
amount of fuel while keeping the pressure and safety considerations in mind.

Industrial Gases: Many industries use gases for manufacturing processes. The volume of
gas stored in tanks or transported in pipelines is calculated to ensure safe and efficient
storage and usage.

LET’S PUT THIS INTO PRACTICE!

Group Activity: Exploring Volume in Real-Life Applications

Activity Overview:

In this group activity, students will work in teams to solve real-life problems involving the volume
of solid figures. Each group will be assigned a different scenario where they must identify the
solid figures involved, describe their key properties related to volume, and apply the appropriate
formulas to calculate the volume. Afterward, groups will present their solutions, explaining their
thought process and the formulas they used.

Materials Needed:

 Paper and pencils

 Ruler, protractor (optional for measurements)

 Calculator

 Measuring tape (for real-life scenarios involving large objects, if applicable)

Instructions:

1. Form Groups: Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 students.

2. Assign Scenarios: Provide each group with a different real-life scenario involving solid
figures. Here are some example scenarios:

o Group 1: You are designing a storage tank for a farm. The tank has a cylindrical
shape with a radius of 4 meters and a height of 12 meters. Calculate its volume.

o Group 2: A basketball player needs a new storage container for their basketball
collection. The container is a cube with a side length of 5 cm. What is the volume
of the container?

o Group 3: You are building a cone-shaped ice cream cone holder. The radius of the
cone’s base is 3 cm, and the height is 10 cm. What is the volume of the cone?

o Group 4: A storage box is rectangular and has a length of 8 meters, a width of 3

meters, and a height of 2 meters. What is the volume of the storage box?

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 o Group 5: A spherical water tank has a radius of 6 meters. Calculate the volume of
the tank.

3. Calculate and Present: Each group should:

o Identify the solid figures involved in their scenario (e.g., cylinder, cube, cone,
etc.).

o Describe the properties of the solid figures related to volume.

o Apply the correct formula for volume and perform the calculations.

o Prepare a short presentation explaining their findings, including the formula used
and the result.

4. Class Discussion: After all the groups have presented, facilitate a class discussion. Have
each group explain how they solved the problem and what real-world applications the
volume of their assigned object could have.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Criteria Excellent (5) Good (4) Satisfactory (3) Needs Unacceptable Total
Improvement (1) Point
(2) s
Understandin Thoroughly Identifies and Identifies and Struggles to Fails to 5
g of Solid identifies and describes describes identify or identify or
Figures describes properties of properties describe describe solid
properties of solid figures with some properties figures or
all solid well with errors or correctly. their
figures minor errors. omissions. properties.
accurately.
Application Correctly Correctly Applies the Struggles to Fails to apply 5
of Formulas applies the applies the formula but apply the the formula
formula for formula with with some correct correctly or
volume and minor calculation formula or skips
explains each mistakes or errors or does so important
step clearly. lacks full unclear incorrectly. steps.
explanation. explanation.
Real-Life Clearly Makes a good Makes a Fails to No 5
Relevance connects the connection to weak or connect the connection
problem to a real-life unclear problem to to real-life
real-life scenarios connection real-life applications.
scenario with with some to real-life scenarios or
detailed examples. scenarios. makes
examples. irrelevant
connections.
Presentation Presents Presents Presents Struggles to Fails to 5
and findings findings with findings with present present

34
Communicati clearly and minor errors several errors findings findings in a
on confidently or or unclear clearly or clear or
with no hesitations. explanations. skips understanda
errors. important ble manner.
points.
Teamwork Excellent Good Adequate Struggles No 5
and teamwork teamwork teamwork with collaboration
Collaboration with clear with clear with some teamwork, or teamwork.
communicati communicati communicati with poor
on and equal on, though on communicati
participation. one person breakdowns on or uneven
may or uneven participation.
dominate. participation.

TOTAL POINTS: 25

LET’S ASSESS YOUR

COMPREHENSION!

Directions: Answer the following questions. Show your solution if necessary.

1. What is the formula for finding the volume of a rectangular prism?

_____________________

2. What is the formula in finding the volume of a sphere?

_____________________

3. Find the volume of the cone if r is equal to 4cm and height is equal to 7 cm.

_____________________

4. The room of Ma’am Lopez has a width of 6 meters, length of 8 meters and height of 4 meters,
find its volume?

_____________________

5. What is the formula in finding the volume of a cylinder?

_____________________

6. What is the volume of a cube with a side length of 7 cm?

______________________

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7. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 6 meters and a height of 9 meters. Find the volume of
the tank.

______________________

8. A cone has a radius of 4 cm and a height of 9 cm. Find its volume.

_______________________

9. Prof. Roel asked the students to find the volume of a basketball which shape is a sphere. The
radius of the basketball is 6 cm.

______________________

10. Prof. Carmela’s storage box in a warehouse has dimensions of 2 meters in length, 3 meters in
width, and 2 meters in height. What is the volume of the storage box, and how much space does
it occupy?

______________________

REFERENCES!

‌ edantu. (n.d.). Area of a Plane Figure. VEDANTU.

V
https://www.vedantu.com/maths/perimeter-and-area-of-plane-figures

Alloprof aide aux devoirs | Alloprof. (n.d.).

https://www.alloprof.qc.ca/en/students/vl/mathematics/perimeter-and-area-of-plane-
figures-m1478

Admin. (2024, June 24). Area and Perimeter (Definition, Formulas and Examples). BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/maths/area-and-perimeter/

Area of Circle, Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Parallelogram, Trapezium, Ellipse and Sector.
(n.d.). https://www.mathsisfun.com/area.html

Khan Academy. (n.d.).

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-sixth-grade-math/x0267d782:cc-6th-plane-
figures/cc-6th-area/a/plane-figures-faq

Area of Plane Figures: Meaning, Examples & Types | StudySmarter. (n.d.). StudySmarter
UK. https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/math/geometry/area-of-plane-
figures/

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