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Chapter 2 - HTML-elements and List

Chapter 2 covers HTML elements, focusing on lists, their types (ordered and unordered), and attributes. It explains how to create lists, their attributes, and the concept of nested elements, along with the use of comments and background color. Additionally, Chapter 2.1 discusses HTML attributes, their definitions, and core attributes like id, title, class, and style, as well as internationalization attributes.

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2 views

Chapter 2 - HTML-elements and List

Chapter 2 covers HTML elements, focusing on lists, their types (ordered and unordered), and attributes. It explains how to create lists, their attributes, and the concept of nested elements, along with the use of comments and background color. Additionally, Chapter 2.1 discusses HTML attributes, their definitions, and core attributes like id, title, class, and style, as well as internationalization attributes.

Uploaded by

zupbro04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2 : HTML-ELEMENTS AND LIST

OBJECTIVES:

➢ Learn what ordered, unordered and definition of lists are


➢ Learn how to create the different kinds of lists
➢ Learn the attributes of lists
➢ Learn to place a list inside a list

An HTML element is defined by a starting tag. If the element contains other content, it ends with a closing
tag, where the element name is preceded by a forward slash as shown below with few tags:

So here <p>....</p> is an HTML element, <h1>...</h1> is another HTML element. There are some HTML
elements which don't need to be closed, such as <img.../>, <hr /> and <br /> elements. These are known
as void elements.

HTML documents consists of a tree of these elements and they specify how HTML documents should be
built, and what kind of content should be placed in what part of an HTML document.

Nested HTML Elements

It is very much allowed to keep one HTML element inside another HTML element:
Invisible Comments and Background

Invisible Comments

Aside from white spaces, there are other things your Web browser ignores, these are comments. Since
they will not be displayed by the browser, comments can be used to put significant statements and/or
remarks that you do not want to be displayed. The comment tag is a container tag that uses <!-- as a starting
tag and --> as an ending tag.

Example:

<!--

This is my comment which will not be displayed on the page.

-->

Changing the Background Color of a Page

You can change the background color of the page by using the bgcolor attribute

<body bgcolor=”value”>…</body>

Lists

When you want to present data in an enumerated format, you actually list them, right? In HTML, you can
display information in list formats using the list tags.

Ordered List

The first type of list is the ordered list or more known as the numbered list. This is the type of list where
each item is numbered usually starting at 1 (but can be changed using the start attribute). The ordered list
uses the container tag <ol></ol>. Each item in this list is specified by the empty tag <li>.

The ordered list has different types of numbering and can be specified by keying the specified value for the
type attribute:

❖ 1 for regular numbering (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)


❖ a for lowercase alphabet (a, b, c, d, etc.)
❖ A for uppercase alphabet (A, B, C, D, etc.)
❖ i for lowercase Roman Numeral (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.)
❖ I for uppercase Roman Numeral (I, II, III, IV, etc.)

ATTRIBUTE NAME DEFINITION EXAMPLAE

type Indicates the type of numbering to be used in the list <ol


type=’A’></ol>

start Indicates the value or number of the first item in the list <ol type=’1’
start=’3’></ol>

The values of these attributes are enclosed in single quotes.


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Unordered List

If there’s an ordered or numbered type of list, there is also an unordered type of list. This type of list that
enumerates each item is not numbered but rather bulleted and uses the container tag <ul></ul>. Like the
ordered list, each item in this list is specified by the empty tag <li>.

The unordered list has different types of bullet to be used and can be specified by keying the specified
value for the type attribute:

❖ disc for round bullets, for example <ul type=”disk”>


❖ circle for circular bullets, for example <ul type=”circle”>
❖ square for square bullets, for example <ul type=”square”>

Video Links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09oErCBjVns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMcYfLAMGac
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM46dYgKR8Q
References:
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_lists.asp
P a g e | 21
CHAPTER 2.1 : HTML-ATTRIBUTES

OBJECTIVES:

➢ Learn All HTML elements can have attributes


➢ Learn the Attributes provide additional information about elements

We used them so far in their simplest form, but most of the HTML tags can also have attributes, which are
extra bits of information.

An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an HTML element and is placed inside the element's
opening tag. All attributes are made up of two parts: a name and a value:

❖ The name is the property you want to set. For example, the paragraph <p> element in the example
carries an attribute whose name is align, which you can use to indicate the alignment of paragraph
on the page.
❖ The value is what you want the value of the property to be set and always put within quotations.
The below example shows three possible values of align attribute: left, center and right.
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
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The Core Attributes

We have seen few HTML tags and their usage like heading tags <h1>, <h2>, paragraph tag <p> and other
tags.The four core attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML elements (although not all) are:

❖ Id
❖ Title
❖ Class
❖ Style

The id Attributes

The id attribute of an HTML tag can be used to uniquely identify any element within an HTML page. There
are two primary reasons that you might want to use an id attribute on an element:

❖ If an element carries an id attribute as a unique identifier, it is possible to identify just that element
and its content.
❖ If you have two elements of the same name within a Web page (or style sheet), you can use the id
attribute to distinguish between elements that have the same name.

We will discuss style sheet in separate tutorial. For now, let's use the id attribute to distinguish between two
paragraph elements as shown below.

<p id="html">This para explains what is HTML</p>


<p id="css">This para explains what is Cascading Style Sheet</p>

The title Attribute

The title attribute gives a suggested title for the element. They syntax for the title attribute is similar as
explained for id attribute:

The behavior of this attribute will depend upon the element that carries it, although it is often displayed as
a tooltip when cursor comes over the element or while the element is loading.
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Now try to bring your cursor over "Titled Heading Tag Example" and you will see that whatever title you
used in your code is coming out as a tooltip of the cursor.

The class Attribute

The class attribute is used to associate an element with a style sheet, and specifies the class of element.
You will learn more about the use of the class attribute when you will learn Cascading Style Sheet (CSS).
So for now you can avoid it.

The value of the attribute may also be a space-separated list of class names. For example:

class="className1 className2 className3"

The style Attribute

The style attribute allows you to specify Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) rules within the element.

Internationalization Attributes

There are three internationalization attributes, which are available for most (although not all) XHTML
elements.

❖ dir
❖ lang
❖ xml:lang

The dir Attribute

The dir attribute allows you to indicate to the browser about the direction in which the text should flow. The
dir attribute can take one of two values, as you can see in the table that follows:
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When dir attribute is used within the tag, it determines how text will be presented within the entire document.
When used within another tag, it controls the text's direction for just the content of that tag.

The lang Attribute

The lang attribute allows you to indicate the main language used in a document, but this attribute was kept
in HTML only for backwards compatibility with earlier versions of HTML. This attribute has been replaced
by the xml:lang attribute in new XHTML documents.

The values of the lang attribute are ISO-639 standard two-character language codes. Check HTML
Language Codes: ISO 639 for a complete list of language codes.

The xml:lang Attribute

The xml:lang attribute is the XHTML replacement for the lang attribute. The value of the xml:lang attribute
should be an ISO-639 country code as mentioned in previous section.
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Generics Attribute

Here's a table of some other attributes that are readily usable with many of the HTML tags.

We will see related examples as we will proceed to study other HTML tags. For a
complete list of HTML Tags and related attributes please check reference to HTML
Tags List.
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Video Links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlpkV3oY5-A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIWmPL91Dn4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWWTtYGZ4YA
References:

https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_id.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_classes.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_syntax.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_country_codes.asp

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