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Lecture 4 - Libraries +

The document explains the concept of libraries and modules in Python, detailing how to import and use them in programs. It covers command-line arguments, the sys module, packages, and the requests library for API interactions. Additionally, it discusses creating custom libraries and the significance of the __name__ variable in Python scripts.

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2 views11 pages

Lecture 4 - Libraries +

The document explains the concept of libraries and modules in Python, detailing how to import and use them in programs. It covers command-line arguments, the sys module, packages, and the requests library for API interactions. Additionally, it discusses creating custom libraries and the significance of the __name__ variable in Python scripts.

Uploaded by

RunningMan Haha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Libraries

 Libraries are generally files of code that other people have written that you can use
your own program,

 or a library code that you have written that you can use in your own program

1. Modules +

 Module in Python is just a library that typically has one or more functions or other
features built into it

 When we install python, we got whole bunch of module as well

 There is a file called random.py that is written by someone, and we can access to the
functions inside the random.py file

2. Import +

 Import keyword allows us to import the contents of functions from some module in
Python
3. From +
 From allows us to import functions from a module, but it is more specific

 “Import random” means that we are accessing all of the functions in random library

 A downside is that we have to type random.choice, random.that because all of


the functions we are calling have to be associated with that module

 It loads the function choice into namespace

4. Statistics (Built-in)
5. Command-line Arguments, sys

 We can provide arguments in the command line

Sys

 Sys.argv, it stands for argument vector, it means the variables in the command-line
interface

 What is sys.argv[0]? It is the name of the program


 Adding “ “ will allows the terminal understand that is one argument
6. Sys.exit

 It is going to exit my program

7. Slice
Problem
8. Packages +

 It is the third-party library as well


 It is a module implemented in a folder .
 Packages are third-party libraries that we can install in PC or cloud server

PyPI

 We can get the package here, Python Package Index

 To use the package, we need to figure it out how to download, unzip and put it
somewhere

 But in Python, we use package manager, pip, pip is a program that generally comes
with Python, that allows us to install packages on our PC

9. Cowsay
10. API, requests, JSON

 We can pretend a browser and connect to that third-party API on server, and download
some data that you can incorporate in the program

 Requests library allows us to make web request, browser requests

 It is JSON, it is a language agnostic format for exchanging data between computers

 Request library converts the JSON to dictionary


JSON library
11. Custom Libraries +

 We can build our libraries, this is our library

 This is our program

 When Python has read the file from top to bottom, the last line of code is to call
“main”. Main is called no mater what
 __name__, it is a special variable set by Python to “main” when you run a file from
command line

 When we run the program in command line, Python will automatically set __name__
to “__main__”

 But when we import the file “__name__” will not be “__main__”

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