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Cluster Computing

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1 views10 pages

Cluster Computing

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vikenhadavani
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Cluster Computing

Unit -1
Introduction
● What is cluster computing?
○ Group of Similar (homogeneous) Computers (Nodes)
○ work together as a single system to perform complex, specific tasks.
○ form of parallel computing where multiple machines (nodes) collaborate to solve a problem
● Why cluster computing?
○ High performance
○ Scalability
○ fault tolerance
○ cost-effectiveness compared to supercomputers
● Applications
○ High-performance computing (HPC) - Scientific simulations
○ big data processing & storage
○ machine learning
○ Application Hosting
Architecture of Cluster Computing
Types of Clusters
● High-Performance (HPC) Clusters: For scientific computing.
● Load-Balancing Clusters: Distribute workloads evenly.
● High-Availability (HA) Clusters: Ensure minimal downtime.
● Big Data Processing & Storage Clusters
● etc..
How clusters work?
● Parallel Processing:
○ Divide a task into smaller subtasks and distribute them across nodes.
○ Example: Matrix multiplication using MPI (Message Passing Interface).
● Communication Protocols:
○ MPI: Standard for message passing in parallel computing.
○ MapReduce: Framework for distributed data processing (used in Hadoop).
● Scheduling and Resource Management:
○ Tools like Slurm, Kubernetes, or YARN for managing resources and scheduling jobs.
● Fault Tolerance:
○ Techniques like checkpointing and replication to handle node failures.
● Performance Metrics:
○ Speedup, efficiency, and scalability.
○ Amdahl's Law and Gustafson's Law for understanding performance limits.
Hands-On Example: Building a Simple Cluster
● Step 1: Hardware Setup
○ Connect multiple computers via a high-speed network.
● Step 2: Software Setup
○ Install Linux-based OS on all nodes.
○ Set up SSH for password-less communication between nodes.
○ Install MPI (e.g., OpenMPI or MPICH).
● Step 3: Write a Parallel Program
○ Example: A simple "Hello World" program in MPI.
○ Distribute the program across nodes and execute it.
● Step 4: Monitor Performance
○ Use tools like Ganglia or htop to monitor resource usage.
Challenges and Future Trends
● Challenges:
○ Network latency, load balancing, and fault tolerance.
○ Complexity in programming and debugging distributed systems.

● Future Trends:
○ Edge Computing Clusters: Decentralized computing at the edge of the network.
○ AI-Driven Clusters: Using machine learning to optimize resource allocation.
○ Quantum Clusters: Integration of quantum computing with classical clusters.
Q&A and Discussion
● ?
● Real-world use cases
● open-source cluster computing tools like Apache Hadoop and Spark.
Summary and Key Takeaways
● Recap the definition, architecture, and working of cluster computing.
● Highlight the importance of parallel processing and distributed systems in
modern computing.
● Emphasize the relevance of cluster computing in big data, AI, and scientific
research.
● Research Papers
● Books:
○ "High-Performance Computing" by Kevin Dowd,
○ "Parallel Programming" by Barry Wilkinson.
● Online Resources: MPI documentation, Hadoop tutorials, and Slurm guides.

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