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Python Basics

The document provides an introduction to Python, covering its history, versatility, and applications in various fields such as web development, data science, and machine learning. It outlines basic concepts, syntax, data structures, and programming flow, including functions, loops, and operators. Additionally, it includes installation instructions and examples of code snippets demonstrating Python's features.

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2 views

Python Basics

The document provides an introduction to Python, covering its history, versatility, and applications in various fields such as web development, data science, and machine learning. It outlines basic concepts, syntax, data structures, and programming flow, including functions, loops, and operators. Additionally, it includes installation instructions and examples of code snippets demonstrating Python's features.

Uploaded by

jmokshjain123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Lesson Notes

Introduction to Python
History of Python

Python was created by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s and released in 1991. It was
designed to emphasize code readability and simplicity. The name 'Python' comes from the
British comedy group Monty Python.

What Can Python Do?

Python is a versatile, high-level programming language used in:

●​ Web development (Django, Flask)


●​ Data science (Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib)
●​ Machine learning & AI (TensorFlow, Scikit-learn)
●​ Automation (scripting, web scraping, bots)
●​ Cybersecurity & ethical hacking
●​ Internet of Things (IoT)
●​ Cloud computing and DevOps (AWS Lambda, Docker automation)
●​ Game development (Pygame)

Why Python?

●​ Simple and easy to learn (English-like syntax)


●​ Open-source with a vast community
●​ Cross-platform compatibility (Windows, Linux, macOS)
●​ Extensive libraries and frameworks
●​ Supports object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming

Python Syntax vs. Other Languages

●​ No semicolons (;) or curly braces ({})


●​ Uses indentation instead of {}
●​ Dynamically typed (no need to declare variable types)
●​ Readable and concise

Installing Python

1.​ Download Python from python.org


2.​ Install and set up PATH environment variable
3.​ Verify installation with python --version
4.​ Use pip for package management

Basic Python Concepts

The print() Statement


print("Hello, Python!")

Output:

Hello, Python!

Comments in Python
# This is a single-line comment
"""
This is a multi-line comment
"""

Python Data Structures & Data Types

●​ Numbers (int, float, complex)


●​ Strings
●​ Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
●​ Type Casting (int("10"), str(100), float("10.5"))

String Operations
name = "Python"
print(name.upper()) # Convert to uppercase
print(name.lower()) # Convert to lowercase
print(name[0]) # Access first character
print(name[::-1]) # Reverse the string

Output:

PYTHON
python
P
nohtyP
Simple Input & Output
user_input = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello,", user_input)

Example Input:

Alice

Example Output:

Hello, Alice

Operators in Python
a = 10
b=5
print("Addition:", a + b)
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)
print("Modulus:", a % b)
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b)

Output:

Addition: 15
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 50
Division: 2.0
Modulus: 0
Exponentiation: 100000

Python Program Flow


Indentation in Python
Indentation refers to the spaces or tabs used at the beginning of a line to indicate code
structure. Python enforces indentation to define blocks of code, making it readable and
error-free. Incorrect indentation results in an IndentationError.

if True:
print("This is correctly indented")

Output:

This is correctly indented

Conditional Statements
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
elif x == 5:
print("x is 5")
else:
print("x is less than 5")

Loops in Python

while Loop
i=1
while i <= 5:
print(i)
i += 1

for Loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)

Break & Continue


for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break # Stops the loop when i is 5
print(i)
Functions in Python
Defining a Function

A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.

def greet(name):
print("Hello,", name)

greet("Alice")

Output:

Hello, Alice

Function with Return Value


def add(a, b):
return a + b

result = add(5, 3)
print("Sum:", result)

Output:

Sum: 8

Default Parameters in Functions


def greet(name="Guest"):
print("Hello,", name)

greet()
greet("John")

Output:

Hello, Guest
Hello, John
Lambda Functions in Python
Lambda functions are anonymous, single-line functions.

square = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(5))

Output:

25

Lambda with Multiple Arguments


add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(3, 7))

Output:

10

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