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The document is a mini project report on weather prediction using machine learning, submitted by students at Visvesvaraya Technological University. It outlines the project's objectives, methodology, results, challenges, and conclusions, highlighting the use of historical weather data to forecast conditions with high accuracy. The project aims to enhance decision-making in various sectors and suggests future improvements such as integrating real-time data and deep learning techniques.

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Sri Charitha
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3 views4 pages

ML Repo

The document is a mini project report on weather prediction using machine learning, submitted by students at Visvesvaraya Technological University. It outlines the project's objectives, methodology, results, challenges, and conclusions, highlighting the use of historical weather data to forecast conditions with high accuracy. The project aims to enhance decision-making in various sectors and suggests future improvements such as integrating real-time data and deep learning techniques.

Uploaded by

Sri Charitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, Belagavi - 590 018.

2024- 2025

A Mini Project Report on


“Weather Prediction”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
INFORMATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Submitted by

PURVIKA S 1AT22IS079
PAVANI C V 1AT22IS072
ROOPA S C 1AT22IS087
SRI CHARITHA
1AT22IS069

Under the guidance of

PROF KAVITHA S PATIL


Associate Professor
Dept. of ISE, ATRIA. I.
T

Department of Information Science &


Engineering ATRIA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Bengaluru – 560 024
2024-25
Project Report: Weather prediction using Machine Learning
1. Introduction

Weather prediction, also known as weather forecasting, involves using scientific


principles and data analysis to anticipate atmospheric conditions at a specific location
and time. It plays a crucial role in agriculture, transportation, disaster management, and
daily planning. Meteorologists gather data from satellites, radars, weather stations, and
balloons. This data includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric
pressure. Advanced computer models simulate the atmosphere to predict future
weather patterns. Short-term forecasts are usually more accurate than long-term ones.
Machine learning and AI are increasingly used to improve prediction accuracy.
Accurate weather forecasting helps save lives during natural disasters like cyclones and
floods. It also assists in optimizing energy usage and protecting infrastructure. Overall,
weather prediction is a vital field that combines science, technology, and data analysis.

2. Objective
 To accurately forecast short-term and long-term weather conditions using
real-time atmospheric data and advanced computational models.
 To enhance early warning systems for natural disasters such as storms,
floods, and heatwaves, ensuring public safety and timely evacuations.
 To support decision-making in sectors like agriculture, aviation, and
transportation by providing reliable weather information.
 To improve the precision of weather predictions through the integration
of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques.

3. Methodology
Dataset:
 The dataset used consists of historical weather data including various
meteorological parameters such as:
 Temperature (Max/Min)
 Humidity
 Wind Speed
 Atmospheric Pressure
 Rainfall and other relevant weather indicators
Tools and Technologies:
 Python Programming Language
 Scikit-learn and TensorFlow libraries for building and training ML models
 Pandas and NumPy for data preprocessing and analysis
 Matplotlib and Seaborn for data visualization
Model Architecture:
The ML model consists of
 Splitting data into training and testing sets
 Data Preprocessing and feature engineering
 Training models like Linear Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest
 Evaluating model performance using metrics like RMSE and R² Score
 Fine-tuning and comparison to select the best-performing model
Training:
 Loss function: Mean Squared Error (MSE)
 Optimizer: Adam
 Batch size: 64
 Epochs: 50
 Normalization: Input features were normalized to improve model performance
 Cross-validation: Used to ensure model robustness and avoid overfitting

4. Results and Evaluation


 The model was trained and evaluated using historical weather data. The training
and testing performance indicated that the model could accurately forecast key
weather parameters like temperature and rainfall.
 Accuracy: The model demonstrated high prediction accuracy, especially for
temperature trends
 Loss:The loss steadily decreased during training, showing consistent
learning behavior
 Evaluation Metrics: R² Score and RMSE were used; R² score was
above 0.90 for most predictions
 Visualization: Plots of predicted vs. actual values showed strong
correlation, validating model performance

5. Challenges and Limitations


 Data Quality: Incomplete or inconsistent weather data can affect the
model’s prediction accuracy.
 Model Generalization: The model might not generalize well to regions or
climates not present in the training dataset.
 Temporal Variability: Sudden weather changes or extreme events are hard
to predict accurately using historical patterns alone.
 Feature Selection: Choosing the right set of input features is critical;
irrelevant or redundant features can reduce model performance and increase
complexity.
 Computational Resources: Training complex models, especially on large
weather datasets, requires significant computational power and time, which
may not be feasible in low-resource environments.

6. Conclusion

This project successfully demonstrates the use of machine learning techniques for
weather prediction based on historical meteorological data. The developed model is
capable of forecasting key parameters like temperature, humidity, and rainfall with
high accuracy. Such a system can support agriculture, disaster management, and daily
planning. The approach can be further extended using deep learning and real-time data
integration. Future work can focus on incorporating satellite data, enhancing temporal
resolution, and deploying the model into user-friendly web or mobile applications.

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