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org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 1 January 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

“Artificial Intelligence With Law In India”

ANTARA ROY
B.com, LL.B, LL.M (Criminal
Law and Criminology)
Assistant Professor of Law

Abstract- As far as we are aware, Homo sapiens is the most sentient species on Earth. On the other hand,
technology is developing quickly, and it is undeniable that machine learning is now replacing human skills.
Arthur McCarthy first used the term artificial intelligence in 1956. The ability of a digital computer or
computer-controlled robot to carry out actions typically associated with intelligent beings is known as artificial
intelligence (AI). AI has a wide range of applications in the legal field. Technology in the legal field has
advanced because of globalization. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being utilized in courts in nations like the
United States and the United Kingdom, where technological advancement has reached incredible heights. The
technology is being advanced to assist judges in making decisions. Artificial intelligence is intangible and
concentrates on tasks with the help of intelligence techniques such as: But artificial intelligence has the
potential to transform everyone's daily life drastically. Whether this is a good or bad thing, we must adhere to
the right framework to guarantee that AI has a positive impact.

Keywords- Artificial Intelligence (AI), “Intelligence,” technology, lawyer, AI Used in Policing

Introduction

The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems, is known as
artificial intelligence. Unlike the natural intelligence exhibited by humans or animals, artificial intelligence
(AI) is the intelligence displayed by machines. Advanced web search engines, recommendation engines (like
those used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix), speech recognition software (like Siri or Alexa), self-driving
cars (like Tesla), and top-tier competitive gaming systems are just a few examples of AI applications. The AI
effect is the tendency for tasks deemed to require “intelligence” to be excluded from the definition of AI as
machines get more sophisticated. Although it is still in its early stages, several nations, legal firms, and
judiciaries are gradually embracing AI in the legal system. By highlighting the legal flaws in decisions,
helping with the drafting of contracts, doing due diligence, helping with legal analytics, and other tasks, it
offers attorneys cost-effective solutions. Like this, AI can catalyze reducing the court's workload, particularly

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in cases involving minor offenses, so that human judges can focus on making decisions in more complex
cases.

What is AI?

There are numerous ways to respond to this question, but one place to start is by thinking about the kinds of
issues that artificial intelligence technology is frequently used to solve. In that vein, we could characterize AI
as employing technology to automate processes that would typically call for human intelligence.1 This
explanation of artificial intelligence highlights the fact that the technology is frequently concentrated on
automating kinds of tasks—those that are assumed to require intelligence when carried out by people.2 We'll
use a few examples to help explain this representation of AI. Researchers have effectively automated some
difficult tasks with AI technology, such as translating and playing chess speaking languages, and operating a
car.3 Humans use a variety of cognitive skills, such as reasoning, planning, strategizing, and decision-making,
when they play chess.4 Last but not least, driving involves using a few brain systems, including those related
to vision, spatial perception, situational awareness, movement, consciousness, and judgment.5

Global Development: A Historiography

Since its establishment as an academic field in 1956, artificial intelligence has seen many waves of hope,
disappointment, and funding losses, followed by new strategies, achievements, and increased funding.
Throughout its history, artificial intelligence (AI) research has experimented with and abandoned a wide range
of methodologies, including brain stimulation, human problem-solving modelling, formal logic, massive
knowledge bases, and animal behaviour imitation. Highly mathematical statistical machine learning has
dominated the field in the first few decades of the twenty-first century. This approach has proven to be very
successful, aiding in the resolution of numerous difficult issues in both industry and academia. The idea that
human intelligence "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it" served as the
foundation for the field. Philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind and the morality of creating
artificial intelligence comparable to that of humans are brought up by this. Since ancient times, myth,
literature, and philosophy have all examined these topics. With AI's immense potential and power, science
fiction and futurology have also suggested that it could endanger human existence. The IBM-developed AI
Ross is mainly used to review contracts, carry out legal research, and provide a concise summary of case laws,
among other tasks. It has been adopted by numerous law firms globally, but especially in the USA.

1
Artificial Intelligence, ENG. OXFORD LIVING DICTIONARIES,
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/artificial_intelligence [https://perma.cc/WF9V-YM7C] (last
visited 26, December 2023); see STUART J. RUSSELL & PETER NORVIG, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A MODERN
APPROACH 1 (3rd ed. 2010).
2
RUSSELL & NORVIG, supra note 4, at 1. Let us put aside, for this discussion, the considerable diverse range of views about
what human “intelligence” is or how that word should be defined.
3
Id. at 1, 21.
4
J.M. Unterrainer et al., Planning Abilities and Chess: A Comparison of Chess and Non-Chess Players on the Tower of London
Task, 97 BRIT. J. PSYCHOL. 299, 299–300, 302 (2006). 8. RUSSELL & NORVIG, supra note 4, at 21.
5
Shunichi Doi, Technological Development of Driving Support Systems Based on Human Behavioral Characteristics, 30 IATSS
RES. 19, 20–21 (2006).
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Present Situation in India-

Although there are no specific data protection laws in India, Sections 43A and 72A of The Information
Technology Act protect personal information. Like GDPR, it provides a right to compensation for improper
disclosure of personal data. The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to privacy as a fundamental right,
which was declared by the Supreme Court in 2017. In 2035, AI is expected to add 957 billion US dollars or
about 15% of India's current gross value. In the years to come, artificial intelligence will have some sort of
impact on everyone's life. The Policy Commission, NITI Aayog, launched several AI application programs in
2018. Established by the Ministry of Electronics were four committees. and Information Technology to
highlight and examine various ethical concerns with AI. The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 (PDP Bill),
which is based on a draft data protection statute, is presently being considered by a Joint Parliamentary
Committee. A bill becomes law once it is approved by both chambers of Parliament. The adoption of AI in
India is accelerating faster than the creation of regulations governing it. Businesses are now starting to use AI
technology to upskill their workforce.

The New Education Policy, which was just introduced, places a strong emphasis on teaching students to code
starting in Class VI. In the upcoming years, India will serve as a center for innovative AI technologies. Perhaps
the first law firm in India to use AI is Cyril Amar Chand Mangaldas. is mostly employed for the analysis and
improvisation of legal documents, such as contracts. Speaking on the topic of increased use of AI in the legal
system, particularly in the areas of docket management and decision-making, is current CJI SA Bobde, at a
function hosted by the SCBA, the Supreme Court Bar Association. However, a lack of willingness to adjust
to this new development may prevent the regularization of AI use in developing nations like India.
Additionally, there is concern that AI could have negative effects on an economy with a labor surplus like
India, where most of the population is impoverished and illiterate.

AI and Cyber Security-

Information security is increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as
these technologies can quickly analyze millions of data sets and identify a wide range of cyber threats, from
malware threats to dubious activity that could lead to a phishing attack. AI cybersecurity is the best option for
companies that want to succeed in the modern online marketplace. To effectively protect their organizations
from cyberattacks, security professionals require robust support from intelligent machines and cutting-edge
technologies like artificial intelligence (AI).

The following are some benefits:-

1. AI Gains Knowledge Over Time- AI technology is intelligent, as its name implies, and it makes use of
this intelligence to gradually increase network security. It gradually learns the behavior of a business
network using deep learning and machine learning. It groups patterns it finds on the network. After that,
it looks for any security incidents or deviations from the norm before taking appropriate action.

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2. Artificial Mind Recognizes Unknown Dangers-

It is possible that a human cannot recognize every threat that a business faces. Hackers carry out hundreds of
millions of attacks annually for a variety of reasons. Unknown threats can seriously harm a network. The
damage they can cause before you find, recognize, and stop them is even worse. It is important to use
contemporary solutions to stop attackers as they experiment with new strategies, such as malware attacks and
sophisticated social engineering. One of the best technologies for mapping and preventing unknown threats
from wreaking havoc on a company is artificial intelligence (AI).

3. AI Has a Large Data Set to Handle-

A company's network is the scene of a lot of activity. Even a typical mid-sized business sees a lot of traffic. It
implies that a large amount of data is exchanged daily between the company and its clients. This data must be
shielded from malevolent individuals and programs. However, cybersecurity professionals are unable to
examine every packet for potential risks.

4. Enhanced Management of Vulnerabilities-

Managing vulnerabilities is essential to keeping a company's network secure. As was previously mentioned,
a typical company faces numerous threats daily. To ensure safety, it must recognize, locate, and stop them.
Vulnerability management can be assisted by using AI research to analyse and evaluate the current security
measures.

5. Enhanced General Security-

Business networks are periodically faced with new threats. Every day, hackers modify their strategies. This
makes it challenging for a company to prioritize security tasks. You might have to deal with ransomware,
denial-of-service attacks, and phishing attacks simultaneously. Similar potential exists for these attacks, but
you need to know what to address first. More serious risks that can complicate security issues are carelessness
and human error. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to detect and prioritize various types of attacks on your
network is the solution in this case Negative aspects.

Doesn't artificial intelligence not serve as a lawyer's substitute?

These days, lawyers are divided on whether artificial intelligence will replace them or increase their
productivity and efficiency in the legal industry. Thanks to technological developments in the legal field,
lawyers, contract analysts, trademark search engines, and other legal researchers now have access to a
multitude of new tools. All AI-based software and programs, however, are meant to enhance the authenticity,
accuracy, and outcome-orientedness of research and analysis; none of them is meant to take the place of a
lawyer. In the legal profession, analysis, decision-making, and representation cannot be automated. By using
AI-based software and programs, lawyers can save a great deal of time and effort while still providing their
clients with recommendations that are more genuine and goal-oriented In India, the lawful Since the industry
is still young, more AI-based and automated assistance tools and software are much anticipated. While

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automating many clerical tasks, AI-based and automated assisting technologies will not replace the role of a
lawyer; instead, they will help them become more knowledgeable and efficient.

The benefits covered above represent only a small portion of AI's potential to enhance cybersecurity-

As with anything, applying AI in this field is not without its drawbacks, though. Organizations would require
a significant increase in financial resources to develop and maintain an AI system. Furthermore, you need to
learn a variety of unique sets of malware codes, benign codes, and anomalies because AI systems are trained
using data sets. It takes a lot of time and money to gather all these data sets, which most organizations cannot
afford. AI systems are prone to producing false positives and/or incorrect results in the absence of massive
amounts of data and events. Furthermore, obtaining false information from dubious sources may even
backfire.

Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice-

Lawyers, or practitioners of law, carry out a variety of legal duties, such as advising clients, evaluating the
merits of legal arguments, minimizing risk, preparing contracts and other paperwork, and pursuing litigation
as well as numerous other undertakings.6 Which of these tasks that lawyers have traditionally performed can
be fully or partially automated using artificial intelligence?

Some insights regarding potential applications of AI in legal practice and where it might be more constrained
can be learned from the example of technology-assisted review and litigation discovery. To gather evidence
for a lawsuit is the process known as litigation discovery.7 In contemporary business litigation, this frequently
entails acquiring and going through massive amounts of paperwork that the opposing counsel has turned over.8
Traditionally, document review was the responsibility of lawyers who would rapidly review each document
and determine, frequently by hand, whether a document was likely relevant or not to the current legal matters
or maybe shielded by privilege.9 The emergence of electronic discovery in the mid-2000s made technology-
assisted review and so-called predictive coding feasible.10 The general term for a group of computer-based
document review methods called predictive coding is intended to automatically identify documents related to
litigation discovery that are either likely to be pertinent or not.11 In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI)
methods like knowledge representation and machine learning have been used by these predictive-coding
technologies to help automate this undertaking. Using sample documents, certain machine-learning e-
discovery software can be "trained" to train the program to recognize patterns in emails and other potentially

6
Prelaw—What Do Lawyers Do? NALP, https://www.nalp.org/what_do_lawyers_do [https://perma.cc/982D-APDZ] (last visited
Mar. 26, 2023).
7
Katharine Larson, Discovery: Criminal and Civil? There is a Difference, A.B.A. (Aug. 9, 2023),
https://www.americanbar.org/groups/young_lawyers/publications/tyl/topics/criminallaw/
Discovery is criminal and civil there is the difference/ [https://perma.cc/X6T2-F6SS].
8
Id.
9
Id.
10
Charles Yablon & Nick Landsman-Roos, Predictive Coding: Emerging Questions and Concerns, 64 S.C. L. REV. 633, 634, 637
(2013).
11
Id. at 637, 667–68.
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important documents to the extent of the legal dispute.12 However, it is critical to recognize automated
predictive coding's limitations. The computer does not have the final say when it comes to document
relevancy. Human lawyers, ultimately, the day, determine which documents are pertinent to the current case
and the law and which are not. The reason is that those kinds of decisions—which entail comprehending the
law and the facts and addressing strategy, policy, and other abstractions that modern AI technology struggles
to handle—just cannot be made by computer software.13 Automatic predictive coding systems, on the other
hand, can be thought of as employing heuristics and patterns to weed out documents that are most likely
unrelated to the case. Consequently, rather the software is used to filter out the most irrelevant documents,
allocating the limited attorney-judgment time to that subset of documents that are far more likely to be
relevant, as opposed to having human attorneys provide their opinions on a vast sea of probably irrelevant
documents.14 At the end of the day, a person, not a machine, is deciding whether a document is beneficial and
pertinent to the law and the current situation. This is an excellent example of how, as was previously
mentioned, many advanced AI systems still need humans to be involved in the loop and offers insights into
the broader application of AI in law. Given the current state of AI technology, replacing human cognition in
legal fields involving judgment will probably be challenging. Regarding the litigation discovery example,
there is another important detail. Given its characteristics, this is precisely the kind of task we would anticipate
being partially automatable with AI. There are frequently obvious, underlying heuristics in many document
troves that can be identified by algorithms.15 For example, in the event of a sexual harassment lawsuit, the
program can be trained to search for terms that frequently occur in emails that harass, or it can utilize data
that it has identified in earlier cases of harassment involving words that were probably used in those emails.
Many of the AI techniques used today require problem domains with underlying structures or patterns. That
may be true for some lawyering subsets, like document review, but current AI technology struggles with many
lawyering tasks that require abstraction, conceptualization, and other cognitive tasks. There are additional
instances of machine learning being applied in contexts and for tasks that lawyers have historically handled.
Among these examples is the mass review of contracts.16 It is crucial to stress that these AI systems can exceed
their limitations very fast. Frequently, these technologies only offer a preliminary understanding of various
legal duties; for instance, they offer a model legal document. In other situations, the software might only draw
attention to legal concerns that a human lawyer should be aware of.17 In contrast, the AI software usually does
not produce the final work product in more complicated situations, such as a fully written merger contract.
Humans remain fully informed about intricate, difficult legal duties. The portion of practicing law that is
repetitive and mechanical is being largely automated. Predicting legal outcomes is an intriguing application

12
Id. at 639.
13
Id. at 637.
14
Yablon & Landsman-Roos, supra note 120, at 638.
15
Demystifying Artificial Intelligence (AI), THOMSON REUTERS, https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/white-
papers/demystifying-ai [https://perma.cc/S8PXHA2V]
(Last visited December. 27, 2023).
16
Id.
17
Bernard Marr, How AI and Machine Learning Are Transforming Law Firms and the Legal
Sector, FORBES, https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/05/23/how-ai-and-machine-learning-are-transforminglaw-
firms-and-the-legal-sector/#6308a31c32c3 [https://perma.cc/9HQ6-ZGTQ].
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of machine learning in the practice of law.18 One task that lawyers have historically performed for clients is
to assess the quality of the client's arguments and legal position in a hypothetical or real litigation.19 A growing
number of lawyers and other interested parties are utilizing machine learning algorithms to predict case
outcomes and are depending more on data than intuition when determining their chances of winning. 20 All
things considered, the tasks performed by lawyers nowadays range from the extremely abstract to the mundane
and mechanical. A legal task is far more likely to be automated by today's AI if there is some It can take
advantage of an underlying structure or pattern. In contrast, given the limitations of current AI technology,
lawyerly tasks involving abstract thought, problem-solving, advocacy, client counselling, human emotional
intelligence, policy analysis, and big-picture strategy are unlikely to be automated.

AI Used in Policing-

The application of AI to law enforcement is a noteworthy application of this technology. AI has mainly been
used by police in two main situations.21 The first part has to do with "predictive policing."22 This is the process
of trying to forecast the location and timing of future criminal attempts by using machine learning technology
to identify patterns in historical crime data.23 The police can then utilize this information to focus their efforts
and resources where they think it will be most beneficial. Police agencies now frequently use photo or video
data matching databases with images of suspects to scan crowds or try to identify them. Individuals who have
previously interacted with law enforcement or the government.24

AI and Legal "Users"-

The third type of AI involves legal professionals.25 When I say "users," I mean common people, groups, and
businesses that are subject to the law and make use of its instruments (such as contracts) to carry out their
private and professional lives. A few applications of AI and law are noteworthy. First, business-logic policy
systems are widely used by corporations to help them adhere to legal requirements.26 In essence, these are
private expert systems with broad, computer-based guidelines regarding business operations that are likely to
comply or not with a range of regulating laws.27 For example, a business might have to cope with intricate
import/export laws. They could use reasoning to model pertinent laws to assure compliance. knowledge-
representation strategies to assist their internal procedures in abstaining from actions that would contravene

18
Id
19
Id
20
Id
21
See generally Odhran James McCarthy, Turning the Tide on Crime with Predictive Policing,
OUR WORLD (Feb 20, 2023), https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/turning-the-tide-on-crime-with-predictivepolicing
[https://perma.cc/5EVU-N26B].
22
Id
23
Id.
24
https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/29/us/facialrecognition- technology-law-enforcement/index.html [https://perma.cc/D7JC-EVVJ].
Last Visited on 19.12.2023
25
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201806.0474/v1/download, [https://perma.cc/L3X4-7MVW]. Last Visited on 21.12,2023
26
https://flia.org/notice-state-council-issuing-new-generation-artificialintelligence- development-plan/ [https://perma.cc/SDF4-
VGRA]; Complying with Government Regulations, KAUFFMAN ENTREPRENEURS (Nov. 10, 2005),
https://www.entrepreneurship.org/articles/2005/11/complying-with-government-regulations
[https://perma.cc/95DS-CXY5].
27
Generally, Harry Surden, Computable Contracts, 46 U.C. DAVIS L. REV. 629 (2012).
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applicable laws. An additional instance of individuals utilizing artificial intelligence in legal matters concerns
"computable contracts."28 Many securities contracts in the finance sector, where the trading contracts are
expressed in, serve as an excellent illustration of this. form that is computer-understandable and enables the
computer to execute the contract's underlying trading logic automatically. One last instance of AI being used
in law is with "legal self-help" systems.29

AI is going to change how justice is delivered in India-

Justice L Nageswara Rao is the chair of the Supreme Court's Artificial Intelligence Committee, which was
established in 2019. He stated that "new age, cutting edge technology of machine learning and artificial
intelligence of the judicial domain was felt to be needed to enhance efficiency and productivity of justice
delivery."

While the Supreme Court is already using language technology to translate its rulings into common tongues,
it has also initiated a ground-breaking initiative to use artificial intelligence (AI) to support judges' legal
research. The goal of integrating artificial intelligence into the legal system is to improve productivity and
efficiency in the administration of justice while also decreasing the number of cases pending.

The Supreme Court Portal for Artificial Intelligence, or SUPACE for short, The CJI SA Bobde has introduced
Assistance in Courts Efficiency, characterizing it as a "perfect blend of human intelligence and machine
learning." With SUPACE, judges and legal researchers can work on cases more efficiently by extracting
pertinent information, reading case files, managing teamwork, and drafting case documents. SUPACE is an
AI-enabled assistive tool. customization in the world," claims Manthan Trivedi, a driving force behind this
project and a member of the SC's AI committee. In a matter of seconds, it can locate facts, problems, and legal
points from thousands of pages of documents. This will be essential for reducing decision-making time and
bringing infinite efficiency. Above all, SUPACE offers an electronic infrastructure that has the potential to
support and fulfill the goals of the national digitization movement. He continues, "SUPACE's strong workflow
and machine learning capabilities will unlock the untapped potential of digitization. "SUPACE is a unique
solution that responds exactly like its user and is completely customizable. Its AI adjusts and takes on user
behavior in response to progressively more platform usage. One of the earliest instances of mass. The new
Chief Justice of India, Justice NV Ramana, states, "We are already burdened with so much pendency." In
addition to the backlog, there are numerous other issues, most notably the difficulty in locating and extracting
relevant information from the vast amounts of documents that are currently submitted to the court. With this
tool, it is very simple to extract the pertinent information or issues that the parties brought up. I believe that
as we use this tool over time, our understanding will improve.

29
Dominic Fracassa, California Courts Look to Modernize with Chatbots, Video Tech, S.F.
CHRON, https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/California-courts-lookto-
modernize-with-11143095.php [https://perma.cc/8SQ4-23QJ].
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How SUPACE functions-

With a login ID and password, users can access this online portal. It provides a synopsis of every case in the
database in a single glance. Every file and document is visible for simple access. The tasks are shown together
with information about the individuals and their progress. It is possible to look through every file in the
database using a universal search.

There are four components to SUPACE's AI-powered workflow:

Preview of the File:- Text can also be created from the case files, which are normally provided as PDFs.
Additionally, a search tool is available to look through every file.30

Chatbot:- Within minutes, the text and voice chatbot can provide a concise summary of the case by
responding to basic inquiries like "What is the matter about?" or "Which of the petitioner's fundamental rights
are violated?" The user can verify the answer's source while the chatbot navigates between documents to
retrieve the correct response. For a better understanding, this bot recommends asking additional questions,
and the user has the option to print the complete question summary.31

Logic Gate:- Four sections make up this chatbot's fact extraction system: Evidence, Case Law, FAQs,
and Synopsis. These provide details about the case, including an overview, a timeline, the verdict, and
more. The chatbot will eventually be able to respond to any questions, whether they are factual or
contextual, with sufficient training and algorithmic improvement.

Notebook:- Since it has an integrated word processor, the tool is an end-to-end system. By compiling
all the data that the AI automatically extracted from the database, a concise case summary can be created.
Moreover, voice dictation can be utilized to take notes on this feature-rich drafting instrument. Therefore,
a summary document can be prepared in hard copy or soft copy without a single word being typed.
Human users are responsible for training this entire system. The annotated and extracted data is used to
identify patterns in the AI system, which is how it is trained. It has been suggested that all high court
judges begin utilizing SUPACE to increase their effectiveness. Three hundred SC rulings are AI-enabled
and accessible in colloquial languages. To facilitate a better understanding of rulings, the Supreme Court
has begun translating its daily orders and rulings into a few different languages. The Supreme Court has
been using artificial intelligence (AI) to translate orders and rulings into vernacular languages like Hindi,
Tamil, Punjabi, Marathi, Malayalam, Bangla, Telegu, Kanada, Nepali, and Urdu to make legal documents
more accessible to a wider public. At least 300 documents have been translated thus far, most of which
are available in Hindi. AI-based tools that were developed internally were used to help with these
translations. For testing and feedback purposes, the apex court initially shared these tools with fifteen
high courts. A senior Court official stated, "Judgments are necessary." Who asks for the same thing?
The initiative, which was introduced in July of last year, aims to give litigants better access to justice by

30
https://indiaai.gov.in/article/ai-is-set-to-reform-justice-delivery-in-india, Last Visited on 26.12.23
31
https://indiaai.gov.in/article/ai-is-set-to-reform-justice-delivery-in-india, Last Visited on 26.12.23

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giving them knowledge so they can make decisions on their own more freely from the guidance of a
lawyer. Priorities are being given to documents about criminal cases, civil disputes, landlord-tenant
conflicts, matrimonial issues, etc. Only a week later, though, are the translations accessible. The official
website of the Supreme Court publishes the translated judgments, and attorneys and litigants can request
access to the daily proceedings.

Drawbacks and weaknesses of artificial intelligence-

1. LIABILITY- What occurs if automated software performs a specific action or omission? If a robot
does something that hurts someone else, will it be held accountable? It will become harder for humans
to deal with increasingly autonomous software and the outcomes it generates. Let us consider a
hypothetical situation in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being utilized to make legal decisions.
A case has emerged in which the defendant alleges he was set up. Let us also assume that, despite
the evidence working against him, his claims are accurate. Now, since automated software is data-
driven, it will undoubtedly conclude that the individual is guilty and unfairly sentenced to a particular
punishment without conducting a thorough investigation. Is this fair, then? Will software or a robot
powered by AI be held accountable for this? Furthermore, the legal foundation for contractual
liability has numerous flaws. In response, the author proposes that the legal framework include
provisions that could hold the owner, developer, or inventor of the software accountable for specific
actions or inactions if they could have been predicted or anticipated because of a flaw in the AI of
the program. 32
2. LEGAL VERIFICATION: Is artificial intelligence a person? This is another question that comes
up when we discuss AI. Does it have obligations and rights of its own? In India, no legal framework
has adequately addressed this issue. The author recommends giving more sophisticated AI-driven
software and robots the legal persona, complete with rights and obligations, to prevent such
problems. However, since AI is still developing in the field of technology, it is not anticipated that
such a sophisticated AI system will emerge in India anytime soon. 33
3. DOES AI PROTECT DATA PRIVATE? Since AI software is entirely data-driven, accurate and
detailed data must be incoming to produce more accurate results. All digital, though, is vulnerable to
serious data privacy problems. Data privacy is compromised by even the online video conferencing
tools that are being used to continue the administration of justice during this dangerous pandemic.34
4. COMPETITIONS LAW: As was previously mentioned, AI requires data to learn. Competition laws
may be affected by the way AI learns from and responds to various types of data, particularly when
it comes to real-time online data on rival algorithms. Robots would have the chance to recognize,
process, and act upon this data, positioning one business in a position that is equal to or superior to
that of its rival, enhancing its pricing strategies, providing better services and terms for transactions,

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etc. Given that many of those responses can be interpreted as concentrated practices, anti-competitive
agreements, or something similar, this could raise red flags. 35

Using AI and technology in the legal field during COVID-19-

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people's lives. It has surely helped those working in the
legal field understand the importance of technology and the need to use AI and machine learning software
to accomplish their tasks. The Supreme Court has mandated that the courts only handle urgent cases by
video conference and electronic filing of court documents due to the social isolation that has resulted in
a lockdown (see here). The Supreme Court of India recognized the idea of live streaming of proceedings
in the case of Swapnil Tripathi v. Supreme Court of India (see here), except in certain circumstances like
rape and matrimonial cases. Just as Judge Sikhi correctly notes, "The wheels of justice cannot be halted
due to the lockdown. Delivering justice falls under the category of essential services, and technology
has been instrumental in COVID-19, helping with everything from e-filing to e-payment of court fees.
The Delhi High Court has even gone so far as to create e-rooms—paperless courtrooms where anyone
can check the details of their case via an online portal. Technology is the one friend who will stick by us
for a very long time, considering the situations we all find ourselves in. Therefore, it's time to welcome
technological innovations like artificial intelligence and continue on the path of progress. 36

Conclusion- This article aimed to present a practical, deconstructed understanding of AI and law. AI
is neither magical nor intelligent in the sense that humans understand intelligence currently. Instead,
today's AI technology uses rules, patterns, and heuristic proxies to make decisions that are useful in
specific, limited contexts, enabling it to produce intelligent results without the need for human
intelligence. However, there are limits to the AI technology available today. It is particularly poor at
handling abstractions, deciphering meaning, applying knowledge across tasks, and managing entirely
unstructured or open-ended assignments. Instead, most tasks where AI has demonstrated success—such
as credit card fraud, chess, and tumor detection—involve highly structured domains with distinct right
and wrong answers and robust underlying patterns that are detectable by algorithms. Understanding AI
about law requires an awareness of the capabilities and constraints of existing AI technology. It assists
in giving us a realistic picture of both the areas in which AI is likely to have an impact on the
administration and practice of law and, equally importantly, the opposite.

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