# Pine Script® language reference manual

## Variables

### bar\_index

Current bar index. Numbering is zero-based, index of the first bar is 0.Typeseries
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("bar_index")
plot(bar_index)
plot(bar_index > 5000 ? close : 0)

```
RemarksNote that **bar\_index** has replaced **n** variable in version 4.Note that
bar indexing starts from 0 on the first historical bar.Please note that using this
variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [last\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_last_bar_index)[barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.isrealtime](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isrealtime)

### barstate.isconfirmed
Returns true if the script is calculating the last (closing) update of the current
bar. The next script calculation will be on the new bar data.Typeseries
boolRemarksPine Script® code that uses this variable could calculate differently on
history and real-time data.It is NOT recommended to use [barstate.isconfirmed]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed) in
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security) expression. Its value requested from [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security) is
unpredictable.Please note that using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.ishistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)
[barstate.isrealtime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isrealtime)[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isnew)[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)

### barstate.isfirst
Returns true if current bar is first bar in barset, false otherwise.Typeseries
boolRemarksPine Script® code that uses this variable could calculate differently on
history and real-time data.Please note that using this variable/function can cause
[indicator repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/
repainting/). See also: [barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.ishistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)
[barstate.isrealtime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isrealtime)[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isnew)[barstate.isconfirmed](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed)
[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)
### barstate.ishistory
Returns true if current bar is a historical bar, false otherwise.Typeseries
boolRemarksPine Script® code that uses this variable could calculate differently on
history and real-time data.Please note that using this variable/function can cause
[indicator repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/
repainting/). See also: [barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.isrealtime](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isrealtime)
[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isnew)[barstate.isconfirmed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed)[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)

### barstate.islast
Returns true if current bar is the last bar in barset, false otherwise. This
condition is true for all real-time bars in barset.Typeseries boolRemarksPine
Script® code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and
real-time data.Please note that using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.ishistory](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)[barstate.isrealtime](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isrealtime)
[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isnew)[barstate.isconfirmed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed)[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)

### barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if script is executing on the dataset's last bar when market is
closed, or script is executing on the bar immediately preceding the real-time bar,
if market is open. Returns false otherwise.Typeseries boolRemarksPine Script® code
that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
data.Please note that using this variable/function can cause [indicator repainting]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See also:
[barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.ishistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)
[barstate.isrealtime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isrealtime)[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isnew)

### barstate.isnew
Returns true if script is currently calculating on new bar, false otherwise. This
variable is true when calculating on historical bars or on first update of a newly
generated real-time bar.Typeseries boolRemarksPine Script® code that uses this
variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.Please note that
using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.ishistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)
[barstate.isrealtime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isrealtime)[barstate.isconfirmed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed)[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)

### barstate.isrealtime
Returns true if current bar is a real-time bar, false otherwise.Typeseries
boolRemarksPine Script® code that uses this variable could calculate differently on
history and real-time data.Please note that using this variable/function can cause
[indicator repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/
repainting/). See also: [barstate.isfirst](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isfirst)[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast)[barstate.ishistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)
[barstate.isnew](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.isnew)[barstate.isconfirmed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.isconfirmed)[barstate.islastconfirmedhistory](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.islastconfirmedhistory)

### box.all
Returns an array filled with all the current boxes drawn by the
script.Typearray<box>Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("box.all")
//delete all boxes
box.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time, border_style=li
ne.style_dashed)
a_allBoxes = box.all
if array.size(a_allBoxes) > 0
for i = 0 to array.size(a_allBoxes) - 1
box.delete(array.get(a_allBoxes, i))

```
RemarksThe array is read-only. Index zero of the array is the ID of the oldest
object on the chart. See also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[line.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_line.all)[label.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_label.all)[table.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_table.all)

### chart.bg\_color
Returns the color of the chart's background from the "Chart
settings/Appearance/Background" field. When a gradient is selected, the middle
point of the gradient is returned.Typeinput colo. See also: [chart.fg\_color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.fg_color)

### chart.fg\_color
Returns a color providing optimal contrast with
[chart.bg\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.bg_color).Typeinput colo. See also:
[chart.bg\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.bg_color)

### chart.is\_heikinashi
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Heikin Ashi,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)

### chart.is\_kagi
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Kagi,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_heikinashi)[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)

### chart.is\_linebreak
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Line break,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_heikinashi](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_heikinashi)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)

### chart.is\_pnf
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Point & figure,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_heikinashi)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)

### chart.is\_range
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Range,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_heikinashi)

### chart.is\_renko
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is Renko,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_heikinashi)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)

### chart.is\_standard
Typesimple boolReturnsReturns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) if the chart type is not one of the following: Renko,
Kagi, Line break, Point & figure, Range, Heikin Ashi;
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. See also: [chart.is\_renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_renko)[chart.is\_linebreak](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_linebreak)[chart.is\
_kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_kagi)
[chart.is\_pnf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_chart.is_pnf)[chart.is\_range](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.is_range)[chart.is\_heikinashi](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_chart.is_heikinashi)

### chart.left\_visible\_bar\_time
The [time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time) of the
leftmost bar currently visible on the chart.Typeinput intRemarksScripts using this
variable will automatically re-execute when its value updates to reflect changes in
the chart, which can be caused by users scrolling the chart, or new real-time
bars.Alerts created on a script that includes this variable will only use the value
assigned to the variable at the moment of the alert's creation, regardless of
whether the value changes afterward, which may lead to repainting. See also:
[chart.right\_visible\_bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.right_visible_bar_time)

### chart.right\_visible\_bar\_time
The [time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time) of the
rightmost bar currently visible on the chart.Typeinput intRemarksScripts using this
variable will automatically re-execute when its value updates to reflect changes in
the chart, which can be caused by users scrolling the chart, or new real-time
bars.Alerts created on a script that includes this variable will only use the value
assigned to the variable at the moment of the alert's creation, regardless of
whether the value changes afterward, which may lead to repainting. See also:
[chart.left\_visible\_bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_chart.left_visible_bar_time)

### close
Close price of the current bar when it has closed, or last traded price of a yet
incomplete, realtime bar.Typeseries floatRemarksPrevious values may be accessed
with square brackets operator [], e.g. close[1], close[2]. See also: [open]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### dayofmonth
Date of current bar time in exchange timezone.Typeseries intRemarksNote that this
variable returns the day based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight
sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can
be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day. See also:
[dayofmonth](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### dayofweek
Day of week for current bar time in exchange timezone.Typeseries intRemarksNote
that this variable returns the day based on the time of the bar's open. For
overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this
value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day.You can use
[dayofweek.sunday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.sunday), [dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.monday),
[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.tuesday), [dayofweek.wednesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday),
[dayofweek.thursday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.thursday), [dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.friday) and
[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.saturday) variables for comparisons. See also: [dayofweek]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### dividends.future\_amount
Returns the payment amount of the upcoming dividend in the currency of the current
instrument, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
if this data isn't available.Typeseries floatRemarksThis value is only fetched once
during the script's initial calculation. The variable will return the same value
until the script is recalculated, even after the expected Payment date of the next
dividend.
### dividends.future\_ex\_date

Returns the Ex-dividend date (Ex-date) of the current instrument's next dividend
payment, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if
this data isn't available. Ex-dividend date signifies when investors are no longer
entitled to a payout from the most recent dividend. Only those who purchased shares
before this day are entitled to the dividend payment.Typeseries intReturnsUNIX
time, expressed in milliseconds.RemarksThis value is only fetched once during the
script's initial calculation. The variable will return the same value until the
script is recalculated, even after the expected Payment date of the next dividend.
### dividends.future\_pay\_date

Returns the Payment date (Pay date) of the current instrument's next dividend
payment, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if
this data isn't available. Payment date signifies the day when eligible investors
will receive the dividend payment.Typeseries intReturnsUNIX time, expressed in
milliseconds.RemarksThis value is only fetched once during the script's initial
calculation. The variable will return the same value until the script is
recalculated, even after the expected Payment date of the next dividend.
### earnings.future\_eps

Returns the estimated Earnings per Share of the next earnings report in the
currency of the instrument, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na) if this data isn't available.Typeseries floatRemarksThis
value is only fetched once during the script's initial calculation. The variable
will return the same value until the script is recalculated, even after the
expected time of the next earnings report. See also:
[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.earnings)

### earnings.future\_period\_end\_time
Checks the data for the next earnings report and returns the UNIX timestamp of the
day when the financial period covered by those earnings ends, or
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if this data
isn't available.Typeseries intReturnsUNIX time, expressed in
milliseconds.RemarksThis value is only fetched once during the script's initial
calculation. The variable will return the same value until the script is
recalculated, even after the expected time of the next earnings report. See also:
[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.earnings)

### earnings.future\_revenue
Returns the estimated Revenue of the next earnings report in the currency of the
instrument, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
if this data isn't available.Typeseries floatRemarksThis value is only fetched once
during the script's initial calculation. The variable will return the same value
until the script is recalculated, even after the expected time of the next earnings
report. See also: [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)

### earnings.future\_time
Returns a UNIX timestamp indicating the expected time of the next earnings report,
or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if this data
isn't available.Typeseries intReturnsUNIX time, expressed in
milliseconds.RemarksThis value is only fetched once during the script's initial
calculation. The variable will return the same value until the script is
recalculated, even after the expected time of the next earnings report. See also:
[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.earnings)

### high
Current high price.Typeseries floatRemarksPrevious values may be accessed with
square brackets operator [], e.g. high[1], high[2]. See also:
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[low]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)
### hl2
Is a shortcut for (high + low)/2Typeseries floa. See also:
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### hlc3
Is a shortcut for (high + low + close)/3Typeseries floa. See also:
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### hlcc4
Is a shortcut for (high + low + close + close)/4Typeseries floa. See also: [open]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### hour
Current bar hour in exchange timezone.Typeseries in. See also:
[hour](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### label.all
Returns an array filled with all the current labels drawn by the
script.Typearray<label>Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("label.all")
//delete all labels
label.new(bar_index, close)
a_allLabels = label.all
if array.size(a_allLabels) > 0
for i = 0 to array.size(a_allLabels) - 1
 label.delete(array.get(a_allLabels, i))

```
RemarksThe array is read-only. Index zero of the array is the ID of the oldest
object on the chart. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[line.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_line.all)[box.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_box.all)[table.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_table.all)

### last\_bar\_index
Bar index of the last chart bar. Bar indices begin at zero on the first
bar.Typeseries intExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("Mark Last X Bars For Backtesting", overlay = true, calc_on_every_tick = t
rue)
lastBarsFilterInput = input.int(100, "Bars Count:")
// Here, we store the 'last_bar_index' value that is known from the beginning of th
e script's calculation.
// The 'last_bar_index' will change when new real-time bars appear, so we declare '
lastbar' with the 'var' keyword.
var lastbar = last_bar_index
// Check if the current bar_index is 'lastBarsFilterInput' removed from the last ba
r on the chart, or the chart is traded in real-time.
allowedToTrade = (lastbar - bar_index <= lastBarsFilterInput) or barstate.isrealtim
e
bgcolor(allowedToTrade ? color.new(color.green, 80) : na)

```
ReturnsLast historical bar index for closed markets, or the real-time bar index for
open markets.RemarksPlease note that using this variable can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_bar_index)[last\_bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_last_bar_time)[barstate.ishistory](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.ishistory)[barstate.isrealtime](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_barstate.isrealtime)

### last\_bar\_time
Time in UNIX format of the last chart bar. It is the number of milliseconds that
have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Typeseries intRemarksPlease note
that using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/).Note
that this variable returns the timestamp based on the time of the bar's open. See
also: [time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)
[timenow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timenow)
[timestamp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp)
[last\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_last_bar_index)

### line.all
Returns an array filled with all the current lines drawn by the
script.Typearray<line>Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("line.all")
//delete all lines
line.new(bar_index - 10, close, bar_index, close)
a_allLines = line.all
if array.size(a_allLines) > 0
for i = 0 to array.size(a_allLines) - 1
line.delete(array.get(a_allLines, i))

```
RemarksThe array is read-only. Index zero of the array is the ID of the oldest
object on the chart. See also: [line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.new)[label.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_label.all)[box.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_box.all)[table.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_table.all)

### linefill.all
Returns an array filled with all the current linefill objects drawn by the
script.Typearray<linefill>RemarksThe array is read-only. Index zero of the array is
the ID of the oldest object on the chart.
### low

Current low price.Typeseries floatRemarksPrevious values may be accessed with

square brackets operator [], e.g. low[1], low[2]. See also:
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### minute
Current bar minute in exchange timezone.Typeseries in. See also:
[minute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### month
Current bar month in exchange timezone.Typeseries intRemarksNote that this variable
returns the month based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g.
EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1
than the month of the trading day. See also:
[month](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### na
A keyword signifying "not available", indicating that a variable has no assigned
value.Typesimple naExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("na")
// CORRECT
// Plot no value when on bars zero to nine. Plot `close` on other bars.
plot(bar_index < 10 ? na : close)
// CORRECT ALTERNATIVE
// Initialize `a` to `na`. Reassign `close` to `a` on bars 10 and later.
float a = na
if bar_index >= 10
a := close
plot(a)

// INCORRECT
// Trying to test the preceding bar's `close` for `na`.
// The next line, if uncommented, will cause a compilation error, because direct co
mparison with `na` is not allowed.
// plot(close[1] == na ? close : close[1])
// CORRECT
// Use the `na()` function to test for `na`.
plot(na(close[1]) ? close : close[1])
// CORRECT ALTERNATIVE
// `nz()` tests `close[1]` for `na`. It returns `close[1]` if it is not `na`, and `
close` if it is.
plot(nz(close[1], close))

```
RemarksDo not use this variable with [comparison
operators](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/operators/
#comparison-operators) to test values for `na`, as it might lead to unexpected
behavior. Instead, use the
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na) function. Note
that `na` can be used to initialize variables when the initialization statement
also specifies the variable's type. See also:
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na)[nz](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz)[fixnan](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan)

### ohlc4
Is a shortcut for (open + high + low + close)/4Typeseries floa. See also: [open]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)

### open
Current open price.Typeseries floatRemarksPrevious values may be accessed with
square brackets operator [], e.g. open[1], open[2]. See also:
[high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_volume)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### polyline.all
Returns an array containing all current
[polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_polyline)
instances drawn by the script.Typearray<polyline>RemarksThe array is read-only.
Index zero of the array references the ID of the oldest polyline object on the
chart.
### second

Current bar second in exchange timezone.Typeseries in. See also:

[second](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)

### session.isfirstbar
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the current bar is the first bar of the day's session,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. If extended session information is used, only returns `true` on the
first bar of the pre-market bars.Typeseries boolExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("`session.isfirstbar` Example", overlay = true)
longCondition = year >= 2022
// Place a long order at the `close` of the trading session's first bar.
if session.isfirstbar and longCondition
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

// Close the long position at the `close` of the trading session's last bar.
if session.islastbar and barstate.isconfirmed
strategy.close("Long", immediately = true)

```
See also[session.isfirstbar\_regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_session.isfirstbar_regular)[session.islastbar](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_session.islastbar)
[session.islastbar\_regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.islastbar_regular)

### session.isfirstbar\_regular
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) on
the first regular session bar of the day, [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise. The result is the same whether
extended session information is used or not.Typeseries boolExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("`session.isfirstbar_regular` Example", overlay = true)
longCondition = year >= 2022
// Place a long order at the `close` of the trading session's first bar.
if session.isfirstbar and longCondition
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
// Close the long position at the `close` of the trading session's last bar.
if session.islastbar_regular and barstate.isconfirmed
strategy.close("Long", immediately = true)

```
See also[session.isfirstbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.isfirstbar)[session.islastbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_session.islastbar)

### session.islastbar
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the current bar is the last bar of the day's session,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. If extended session information is used, only returns `true` on the last
bar of the post-market bars.Typeseries boolExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("`session.islastbar` Example", overlay = true)
longCondition = year >= 2022
// Place a long order at the `close` of the trading session's last bar.
// The position will enter on the `open` of next session's first bar.
if session.islastbar and longCondition
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
// Close 'Long' position at the close of the last bar of the trading session
if session.islastbar and barstate.isconfirmed
strategy.close("Long", immediately = true)

```
RemarksThis variable is not guaranteed to return
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) once in
every session because the last bar of the session might not exist if no trades
occur during what should be the session's last bar.This variable is not guaranteed
to work as expected on non-standard chart types, e.g., Renko. See also:
[session.isfirstbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.isfirstbar)[session.islastbar\_regular](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_session.islastbar_regular)

### session.islastbar\_regular
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) on
the last regular session bar of the day, [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise. The result is the same whether
extended session information is used or not.Typeseries boolExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("`session.islastbar_regular` Example", overlay = true)
longCondition = year >= 2022
// Place a long order at the `close` of the trading session's first bar.
if session.isfirstbar and longCondition
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
// Close the long position at the `close` of the trading session's last bar.
if session.islastbar_regular and barstate.isconfirmed
strategy.close("Long", immediately = true)

```
RemarksThis variable is not guaranteed to return
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) once in
every session because the last bar of the session might not exist if no trades
occur during what should be the session's last bar.This variable is not guaranteed
to work as expected on non-standard chart types, e.g., Renko. See also:
[session.isfirstbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.isfirstbar)[session.islastbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_session.islastbar)[session.isfirstbar\_regular](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_session.isfirstbar_regular)

### session.ismarket
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the current bar is a part of the regular trading hours (i.e. market hours), [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise.Typeseries boo. See also:
[session.ispremarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.ispremarket)[session.ispostmarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_session.ispostmarket)

### session.ispostmarket
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the current bar is a part of the post-market,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. On non-intraday charts always returns `false`.Typeseries boo. See also:
[session.ismarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.ismarket)[session.ispremarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_session.ispremarket)

### session.ispremarket
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the current bar is a part of the pre-market,
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)
otherwise. On non-intraday charts always returns `false`.Typeseries boo. See also:
[session.ismarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_session.ismarket)[session.ispostmarket](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_session.ispostmarket)

### strategy.account\_currency
Returns the currency used to calculate results, which can be set in the strategy's
properties.Typesimple strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)[strategy.convert\_to\_account](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.convert_to_account)
[strategy.convert\_to\_symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.convert_to_symbol)

### strategy.avg\_losing\_trade
Returns the average amount of money lost per losing trade. Calculated as the sum of
losses divided by the number of losing trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.avg\_losing\_trade\_percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.avg_losing_trade_percent)

### strategy.avg\_losing\_trade\_percent
Returns the average percentage loss per losing trade. Calculated as the sum of loss
percentages divided by the number of losing trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.avg\_losing\_trade](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_strategy.avg_losing_trade)

### strategy.avg\_trade
Returns the average amount of money gained or lost per trade. Calculated as the sum
of all profits and losses divided by the number of closed trades.Typeseries floa.
See also: [strategy.avg\_trade\_percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.avg_trade_percent)

### strategy.avg\_trade\_percent
Returns the average percentage gain or loss per trade. Calculated as the sum of all
profit and loss percentages divided by the number of closed trades.Typeseries floa.
See also: [strategy.avg\_trade](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_strategy.avg_trade)

### strategy.avg\_winning\_trade
Returns the average amount of money gained per winning trade. Calculated as the sum
of profits divided by the number of winning trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.avg\_winning\_trade\_percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.avg_winning_trade_percent)

### strategy.avg\_winning\_trade\_percent
Returns the average percentage gain per winning trade. Calculated as the sum of
profit percentages divided by the number of winning trades.Typeseries floa. See
also: [strategy.avg\_winning\_trade](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.avg_winning_trade)

### strategy.closedtrades
Number of trades, which were closed for the whole trading range.Typeseries in. See
also: [strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.wintrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.wintrades)
[strategy.losstrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.losstrades)[strategy.eventrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.eventrades)

### strategy.closedtrades.first\_index
The index, or trade number, of the first (oldest) trade listed in the List of
Trades. This number is usually zero. If more trades than the allowed limit have
been closed, the oldest trades are removed, and this number is the index of the
oldest remaining trade.Typeseries in. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.wintrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.wintrades)
[strategy.losstrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.losstrades)[strategy.eventrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.eventrades)

### strategy.equity
Current equity ([strategy.initial\_capital](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.initial_capital) +
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit) + [strategy.openprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.openprofit)).Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.openprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.openprofit)[strategy.position\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)

### strategy.eventrades
Number of breakeven trades for the whole trading range.Typeseries in. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.closedtrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)
[strategy.wintrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.wintrades)[strategy.losstrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.losstrades)

### strategy.grossloss
Total currency value of all completed losing trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.grossprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.grossprofit)

### strategy.grossloss\_percent
The total value of all completed losing trades, expressed as a percentage of the
initial capital.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.grossloss](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.grossloss)

### strategy.grossprofit
Total currency value of all completed winning trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.grossloss](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.grossloss)

### strategy.grossprofit\_percent
The total currency value of all completed winning trades, expressed as a percentage
of the initial capital.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.grossprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.grossprofit)

### strategy.initial\_capital
The amount of initial capital set in the strategy properties.Typeseries floa. See
also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### strategy.losstrades
Number of unprofitable trades for the whole trading range.Typeseries in. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.closedtrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)
[strategy.wintrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.wintrades)[strategy.eventrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.eventrades)

### strategy.margin\_liquidation\_price
When margin is used in a strategy, returns the price point where a simulated margin
call will occur and liquidate enough of the position to meet the margin
requirements.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("Margin call management", overlay = true, margin_long = 25, margin_short =
25,
default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 395)

float maFast = ta.sma(close, 14)

float maSlow = ta.sma(close, 28)

if ta.crossover(maFast, maSlow)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.crossunder(maFast, maSlow)
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)

changePercent(v1, v2) =>

float result = (v1 - v2) * 100 / math.abs(v2)

// exit when we're 10% away from a margin call, to prevent it.
if math.abs(changePercent(close, strategy.margin_liquidation_price)) <= 10
strategy.close("Long")
strategy.close("Short")

```
RemarksThe variable returns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na) if the strategy does not use margin, i.e., the [strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) declaration
statement does not specify an argument for the `margin_long` or `margin_short`
parameter.
### strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_all

Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one trade for the whole trading

range.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_long](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_long)
[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_short)

### strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_long
Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one long trade for the whole
trading range.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_all](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_all)
[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_short)

### strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_short
Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one short trade for the whole
trading range.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_all](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_all)
[strategy.max\_contracts\_held\_long](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_contracts_held_long)

### strategy.max\_drawdown
Maximum equity drawdown value for the whole trading range.Typeseries floa. See
also: [strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.equity)[strategy.max\_runup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_runup)

### strategy.max\_drawdown\_percent
The maximum equity drawdown value for the whole trading range, expressed as a
percentage and calculated by formula: `Lowest Value During Trade / (Entry Price x
Quantity) * 100`.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.max\_drawdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.max_drawdown)
### strategy.max\_runup
Maximum equity run-up value for the whole trading range.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.equity)[strategy.max\_drawdown](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)

### strategy.max\_runup\_percent
The maximum equity run-up value for the whole trading range, expressed as a
percentage and calculated by formula: `Highest Value During Trade / (Entry Price x
Quantity) * 100`.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.max\_runup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.max_runup)

### strategy.netprofit
Total currency value of all completed trades.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.openprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.openprofit)[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.grossprofit]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.grossprofit)
[strategy.grossloss](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.grossloss)

### strategy.netprofit\_percent
The total value of all completed trades, expressed as a percentage of the initial
capital.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)

### strategy.openprofit
Current unrealized profit or loss for all open positions.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)

### strategy.openprofit\_percent
The current unrealized profit or loss for all open positions, expressed as a
percentage and calculated by formula: `openPL / realizedEquity * 100`.Typeseries
floa. See also: [strategy.openprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.openprofit)

### strategy.opentrades
Number of market position entries, which were not closed and remain opened. If
there is no open market position, 0 is returned.Typeseries in. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)

### strategy.opentrades.capital\_held
Returns the capital amount currently held by open trades.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
strategy(
"strategy.opentrades.capital_held example", overlay=false, margin_long=50, margi
n_short=50,
default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 100
)

// Enter a short position on the first bar.

if barstate.isfirst
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)

// Plot the capital held by the short position.

plot(strategy.opentrades.capital_held, "Capital held")
// Highlight the chart background if the position is completely closed by margin ca
lls.
bgcolor(bar_index > 0 and strategy.opentrades.capital_held == 0 ? color.new(color.r
ed, 60) : na)

```
RemarksThis variable returns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na) if the strategy does not simulate funding trades with a
portion of the hypothetical account, i.e., if the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
function does not include nonzero `margin_long` or `margin_short` arguments.
### strategy.position\_avg\_price

Average entry price of current market position. If the market position is flat,
'NaN' is returned.Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)

### strategy.position\_entry\_name
Name of the order that initially opened current market position.Typeseries strin.
See also: [strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)

### strategy.position\_size
Direction and size of the current market position. If the value is > 0, the market
position is long. If the value is < 0, the market position is short. The absolute
value is the number of contracts/shares/lots/units in trade (position
size).Typeseries floa. See also:
[strategy.position\_avg\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_strategy.position_avg_price)

### strategy.wintrades
Number of profitable trades for the whole trading range.Typeseries in. See also:
[strategy.position\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.position_size)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.closedtrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)
[strategy.losstrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.losstrades)[strategy.eventrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.eventrades)

### syminfo.basecurrency
Returns a string containing the code representing the symbol's base currency (i.e.,
the traded currency or coin) if the instrument is a Forex or Crypto pair or a
derivative based on such a pair. Otherwise, it returns an empty string. For
example, this variable returns "EUR" for "EURJPY", "BTC" for "BTCUSDT", "CAD" for
"CME:6C1!", and "" for "NASDAQ:AAPL".Typesimple strin. See also: [syminfo.currency]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.currency)
[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker)

### syminfo.country
Returns the two-letter code of the country where the symbol is traded, in the [ISO
3166-1 alpha-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2) format, or [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if the exchange is
not directly tied to a specific country. For example, on "NASDAQ:AAPL" it will
return "US", on "LSE:AAPL" it will return "GB", and on "BITSTAMP:BTCUSD it will
return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).Typesimple
string
### syminfo.currency

Returns a string containing the code representing the currency of the symbol's
prices. For example, this variable returns "USD" for "NASDAQ:AAPL" and "JPY" for
"EURJPY".Typesimple strin. See also:
[syminfo.basecurrency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.basecurrency)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_currency.USD)[currency.EUR](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_currency.EUR)

### syminfo.description
Description for the current symbol.Typesimple strin. See also: [syminfo.ticker]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)
[syminfo.prefix](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.prefix)

### syminfo.employees
The number of employees the company has.Typesimple intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo simple")
//@variable A table containing information about a company's employees, shareholder
s, and shares.
var result_table = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 5,
border_width = 1)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Add header cells
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 0, text = "name")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 0, text = "value")
// Add employee info cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 1, text = "employees")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 1, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.employees))
// Add shareholder cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 2, text = "shareholders")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 2, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shareholders))
// Add float shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 3, text = "shares_outstan
ding_float")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 3, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_float))
// Add total shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 4, text = "shares_outstan
ding_total")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 4, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_total))

```
See also[syminfo.shareholders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.shareholders)[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_float)
[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_total)

### syminfo.expiration\_date
A UNIX timestamp representing the start of the last day of the current futures
contract. This variable is only compatible with non-continuous futures symbols. On
other symbols, it returns
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).Typesimple int
### syminfo.industry

Returns the industry of the symbol, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-

script-reference/v6/#var_na) if the symbol has no industry. Example: "Internet
Software/Services", "Packaged software", "Integrated Oil", "Motor Vehicles", etc.
These are the same values one can see in the chart's "Symbol info"
window.Typesimple stringRemarksA sector is a broad section of the economy. An
industry is a narrower classification. NASDAQ:CAT (Caterpillar, Inc.) for example,
belongs to the "Producer Manufacturing" sector and the "Trucks/Construction/Farm
Machinery" industry.
### syminfo.main\_tickerid

A ticker identifier representing the current chart's symbol. The value contains an
exchange prefix and a symbol name, separated by a colon (e.g., "NASDAQ:AAPL"). It
can also include information about data modifications such as dividend adjustment,
non-standard chart type, currency conversion, etc. Unlike [syminfo.tickerid]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid), this
variable's value does not change when used in the `expression` argument of a
`request.*()` function call.Typesimple strin. See also:
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[timeframe.main\_period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.main_period)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[timeframe.period]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)
[timeframe.multiplier](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.multiplier)[syminfo.root](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.root)

### syminfo.mincontract
The smallest amount of the current symbol that can be traded. This limit is set by
the exchange. For cryptocurrencies, it is often less than 1 token. For most other
types of asset, it is often 1.Typesimple floa. See also: [syminfo.mintick]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)
[syminfo.pointvalue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.pointvalue)

### syminfo.minmove
Returns a whole number used to calculate the smallest increment between a symbol's
price movements ([syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)). It is the numerator in the [syminfo.mintick]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)
formula: `syminfo.minmove / syminfo.pricescale = syminfo.mintick`.Typesimple in.
See also: [ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.new)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[timeframe.multiplier](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.multiplier)
[syminfo.root](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.root)
### syminfo.mintick
Min tick value for the current symbol.Typesimple floa. See also:
[syminfo.pointvalue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.pointvalue)[syminfo.mincontract](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mincontract)

### syminfo.pointvalue
Point value for the current symbol.Typesimple floa. See also: [syminfo.mintick]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)
[syminfo.mincontract](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.mincontract)

### syminfo.prefix
Prefix of current symbol name (i.e. for 'CME\_EOD:TICKER' prefix is 'CME\
_EOD').Typesimple stringExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo.prefix")

// If current chart symbol is 'BATS:MSFT' then syminfo.prefix is 'BATS'.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, text=syminfo.prefix)

```
See also[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### syminfo.pricescale
Returns a whole number used to calculate the smallest increment between a symbol's
price movements ([syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)). It is the denominator in the [syminfo.mintick]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick)
formula: `syminfo.minmove / syminfo.pricescale = syminfo.mintick`.Typesimple in.
See also: [ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.new)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[timeframe.multiplier](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.multiplier)
[syminfo.root](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.root)

### syminfo.recommendations\_buy
The number of analysts who gave the current symbol a "Buy" rating.Typeseries
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
 table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
[syminfo.recommendations\_date](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)
[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.recommendations\_buy\_strong
The number of analysts who gave the current symbol a "Strong Buy" rating.Typeseries
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
 // Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_date]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)
[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.recommendations\_date
The starting date of the last set of recommendations for the current
symbol.Typeseries intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\
_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)
[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.recommendations\_hold
The number of analysts who gave the current symbol a "Hold" rating.Typeseries
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\
_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)[syminfo.recommendations\_date](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)
[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.recommendations\_sell
The number of analysts who gave the current symbol a "Sell" rating.Typeseries
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\
_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)[syminfo.recommendations\_date](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)
[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)
[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong
The number of analysts who gave the current symbol a "Strong Sell"
rating.Typeseries intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\
_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)[syminfo.recommendations\_date](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)
[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)[syminfo.recommendations\_total](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_total)
[syminfo.recommendations\_sell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)

### syminfo.recommendations\_total
The total number of recommendations for the current symbol.Typeseries intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo recommendations", overlay = true)
//@variable A table containing information about analyst recommendations.
var table ratings = table.new(position.top_right, 8, 2, frame_color = #000000)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
// Add header cells.
table.cell(ratings, 0, 0, "Start Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 0, "End Date", bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 0, "Buy", bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #000000, te
xt_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 0, "Strong Buy", bgcolor = color.lime, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 0, "Sell", bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 5, 0, "Strong Sell", bgcolor = color.red, text_color = #000
000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 6, 0, "Hold", bgcolor = color.orange, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 7, 0, "Total", bgcolor = color.silver, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
// Recommendation strings
string startDate = str.format_time(syminfo.recommendations_date, "yyyy-
MM-dd")
string endDate = str.format_time(YTD, "yyyy-MM-dd")
string buyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy)
string strongBuyRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)
string sellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell)
string strongSellRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)
string holdRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_hold)
string totalRatings = str.tostring(syminfo.recommendations_total)
// Add value cells
table.cell(ratings, 0, 1, startDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000
, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 1, 1, endDate, bgcolor = color.gray, text_color = #000000,
text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 2, 1, buyRatings, bgcolor = color.teal, text_color = #00000
0, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 3, 1, strongBuyRatings, bgcolor = color.lime, text_color =
#000000, text_size = size.large)
table.cell(ratings, 4, 1, sellRatings, bgcolor = color.maroon, text_color = #00
0000, text_size = size.large)

```
See also[syminfo.recommendations\_buy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy)[syminfo.recommendations\_buy\
_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.recommendations_buy_strong)[syminfo.recommendations\_date](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_date)
[syminfo.recommendations\_hold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_hold)[syminfo.recommendations\_sell](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell)
[syminfo.recommendations\_sell\_strong](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.recommendations_sell_strong)

### syminfo.root
Root for derivatives like futures contract. For other symbols returns the same
value as [syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker).Typesimple stringExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo.root")

// If the current chart symbol is continuous futures ('ES1!'), it would display 'ES
'.
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, syminfo.root)

```
See also[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### syminfo.sector
Returns the sector of the symbol, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na) if the symbol has no sector. Example: "Electronic
Technology", "Technology services", "Energy Minerals", "Consumer Durables", etc.
These are the same values one can see in the chart's "Symbol info"
window.Typesimple stringRemarksA sector is a broad section of the economy. An
industry is a narrower classification. NASDAQ:CAT (Caterpillar, Inc.) for example,
belongs to the "Producer Manufacturing" sector and the "Trucks/Construction/Farm
Machinery" industry.
### syminfo.session

Session type of the chart main series. Possible values are [session.regular]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_session.regular),
[session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.extended).Typesimple strin. See also:
[session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.regular)[session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_session.extended)

### syminfo.shareholders
The number of shareholders the company has.Typesimple intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo simple")
//@variable A table containing information about a company's employees, shareholder
s, and shares.
var result_table = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 5,
border_width = 1)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Add header cells
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 0, text = "name")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 0, text = "value")
// Add employee info cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 1, text = "employees")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 1, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.employees))
// Add shareholder cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 2, text = "shareholders")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 2, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shareholders))
// Add float shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 3, text = "shares_outstan
ding_float")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 3, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_float))
// Add total shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 4, text = "shares_outstan
ding_total")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 4, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_total))

```
See also[syminfo.employees](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.employees)[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_float)
[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_total](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_total)

### syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_float
The total number of shares outstanding a company has available, excluding any of
its restricted shares.Typesimple floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo simple")
//@variable A table containing information about a company's employees, shareholder
s, and shares.
var result_table = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 5,
border_width = 1)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Add header cells
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 0, text = "name")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 0, text = "value")
// Add employee info cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 1, text = "employees")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 1, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.employees))
// Add shareholder cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 2, text = "shareholders")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 2, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shareholders))
// Add float shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 3, text = "shares_outstan
ding_float")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 3, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_float))
// Add total shares outstanding cells.
 table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 4, text = "shares_outstan
ding_total")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 4, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_total))

```
See also[syminfo.employees](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.employees)[syminfo.shareholders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shareholders)[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_total]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_total)

### syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_total
The total number of shares outstanding a company has available, including
restricted shares held by insiders, major shareholders, and employees.Typesimple
intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo simple")
//@variable A table containing information about a company's employees, shareholder
s, and shares.
var result_table = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 5,
border_width = 1)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Add header cells
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 0, text = "name")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 0, text = "value")
// Add employee info cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 1, text = "employees")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 1, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.employees))
// Add shareholder cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 2, text = "shareholders")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 2, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shareholders))
// Add float shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 3, text = "shares_outstan
ding_float")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 3, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_float))
// Add total shares outstanding cells.
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 0, row = 4, text = "shares_outstan
ding_total")
table.cell(table_id = result_table, column = 1, row = 4, text = str.tostring(sy
minfo.shares_outstanding_total))

```
See also[syminfo.employees](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.employees)[syminfo.shareholders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.shareholders)[syminfo.shares\_outstanding\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.shares_outstanding_float)

### syminfo.target\_price\_average
The average of the last yearly price targets for the symbol predicted by
analysts.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_date](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_date)[syminfo.target\_price\_estimates](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_estimates)
[syminfo.target\_price\_high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_high)[syminfo.target\_price\_low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_low)
[syminfo.target\_price\_median](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_median)

### syminfo.target\_price\_date
The starting date of the last price target prediction for the current
symbol.Typeseries intExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_average](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_average)[syminfo.target\_price\_estimates]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_estimates)[syminfo.target\_price\_high](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_high)
[syminfo.target\_price\_low](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_low)[syminfo.target\_price\_median](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_median)

### syminfo.target\_price\_estimates
The latest total number of price target predictions for the current
symbol.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
 linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_average](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_average)[syminfo.target\_price\_date]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_date)[syminfo.target\_price\_high](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_high)
[syminfo.target\_price\_low](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_low)[syminfo.target\_price\_median](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_median)

### syminfo.target\_price\_high
The last highest yearly price target for the symbol predicted by
analysts.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_average](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_average)[syminfo.target\_price\_date]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_date)[syminfo.target\_price\_estimates](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_estimates)
[syminfo.target\_price\_low](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_low)[syminfo.target\_price\_median](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_median)

### syminfo.target\_price\_low
The last lowest yearly price target for the symbol predicted by analysts.Typeseries
floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_average](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_average)[syminfo.target\_price\_date]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_date)[syminfo.target\_price\_estimates](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_estimates)
[syminfo.target\_price\_high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_high)[syminfo.target\_price\_median](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_median)

### syminfo.target\_price\_median
The median of the last yearly price targets for the symbol predicted by
analysts.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo target_price")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable The time value one year from the date of the last analyst recommend
ations.
int YTD = syminfo.target_price_date + timeframe.in_seconds("12M") * 1000
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the highest yearly price e
stimate.
highLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_high, color = color.
green, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the lowest yearly price es
timate.
lowLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_low, color = color.re
d, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the median yearly price es
timate.
medianLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_median, color = co
lor.gray, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
//@variable A line connecting the current `close` to the average yearly price e
stimate.
averageLine = line.new(time, close, YTD, syminfo.target_price_average, color =
color.orange, xloc = xloc.bar_time)
// Fill the space between targets
linefill.new(lowLine, medianLine, color.new(color.red, 90))
linefill.new(medianLine, highLine, color.new(color.green, 90))
// Create a label displaying the total number of analyst estimates.
string estimatesText = str.format("Number of estimates: {0}", syminfo.target_pr
ice_estimates)
label.new(bar_index, close, estimatesText, textcolor = color.white, size = size
.large)

```
RemarksIf analysts supply the targets when the market is closed, the variable can
return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) until the
market opens. See also:
[syminfo.target\_price\_average](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_average)[syminfo.target\_price\_date]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.target_price_date)[syminfo.target\_price\_estimates](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_estimates)
[syminfo.target\_price\_high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_high)[syminfo.target\_price\_low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.target_price_low)

### syminfo.ticker
Symbol name without exchange prefix, e.g. 'MSFT'.Typesimple strin. See also:
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[timeframe.multiplier](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.multiplier)
[syminfo.root](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.root)

### syminfo.tickerid
A ticker identifier representing the chart's symbol or a requested symbol,
depending on how the script uses it. The variable's value represents a requested
dataset's ticker ID when used in the `expression` argument of a `request.*()`
function call. Otherwise, it represents the chart's ticker ID. The value contains
an exchange prefix and a symbol name, separated by a colon (e.g., "NASDAQ:AAPL").
It can also include information about data modifications such as dividend
adjustment, non-standard chart type, currency conversion, etc.Typesimple
stringRemarksBecause the value of this variable does not always use a simple
"prefix:ticker" format, it is a poor candidate for use in boolean comparisons or
string manipulation functions. In those contexts, run the variable's result through
[ticker.standard](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.standard) to purify it. This will remove any extraneous information and
return a ticker ID consistently formatted using the "prefix:ticker" structure.To
always access the script's main ticker ID, even within another context, use the
[syminfo.main\_tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.main_tickerid) variable. See also:
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[syminfo.main\_tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.main_tickerid)[timeframe.main\_period](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.main_period)[syminfo.ticker](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[timeframe.period]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)
[timeframe.multiplier](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.multiplier)[syminfo.root](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.root)

### syminfo.timezone
Timezone of the exchange of the chart main series. Possible values see in
[timestamp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp).Ty
pesimple strin. See also: [timestamp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_timestamp)

### syminfo.type
The type of market the symbol belongs to. The values are "stock", "fund", "dr",
"right", "bond", "warrant", "structured", "index", "forex", "futures", "spread",
"economic", "fundamental", "crypto", "spot", "swap", "option",
"commodity".Typesimple strin. See also:
[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker)

### syminfo.volumetype
Volume type of the current symbol. Possible values are: "base" for base currency,
"quote" for quote currency, "tick" for the number of transactions, and "n/a" when
there is no volume or its type is not specified.Typesimple stringRemarksOnly some
data feed suppliers provide information qualifying volume. As a result, the
variable will return a value on some symbols only, mostly in the crypto sector. See
also: [syminfo.type](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.type)

### ta.accdist
Accumulation/distribution index.Typeseries float
### ta.iii

Intraday Intensity Index.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("Intraday Intensity Index")
plot(ta.iii, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_iii() =>
(2 * close - high - low) / ((high - low) * volume)
plot(f_iii())

```
### ta.nvi

Negative Volume Index.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("Negative Volume Index")

plot(ta.nvi, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_nvi() =>
float ta_nvi = 1.0
float prevNvi = (nz(ta_nvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0 : ta_nvi[1]
if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
ta_nvi := prevNvi
else
ta_nvi := (volume < nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevNvi + ((close - close[1]) / c
lose[1]) * prevNvi : prevNvi
result = ta_nvi

plot(f_nvi())

```
### ta.obv

On Balance Volume.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("On Balance Volume")
plot(ta.obv, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_obv() =>
ta.cum(math.sign(ta.change(close)) * volume)

plot(f_obv())

```
### ta.pvi

Positive Volume Index.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("Positive Volume Index")

plot(ta.pvi, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_pvi() =>
float ta_pvi = 1.0
float prevPvi = (nz(ta_pvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0 : ta_pvi[1]
if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
ta_pvi := prevPvi
else
ta_pvi := (volume > nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevPvi + ((close - close[1]) / c
lose[1]) * prevPvi : prevPvi
result = ta_pvi

plot(f_pvi())

```
### ta.pvt

Price-Volume Trend.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("Price-Volume Trend")
plot(ta.pvt, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_pvt() =>
ta.cum((ta.change(close) / close[1]) * volume)

plot(f_pvt())

```
### ta.tr

True range, equivalent to `ta.tr(handle_na = false)`. It is calculated as

`math.max(high - low, math.abs(high - close[1]), math.abs(low -
close[1]))`.Typeseries floa. See also: [ta.tr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.tr)[ta.atr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.atr)

### ta.vwap
Volume Weighted Average Price. It uses [hlc3](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3) as its source series.Typeseries floa. See also:
[ta.vwap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwap)

### ta.wad
Williams Accumulation/Distribution.Typeseries floatExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("Williams Accumulation/Distribution")
plot(ta.wad, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_wad() =>
trueHigh = math.max(high, close[1])
trueLow = math.min(low, close[1])
mom = ta.change(close)
gain = (mom > 0) ? close - trueLow : (mom < 0) ? close - trueHigh : 0
ta.cum(gain)

plot(f_wad())

```
### ta.wvad

Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution.Typeseries floatExample

```
//@version=6
indicator("Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution")
plot(ta.wvad, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_wvad() =>
(close - open) / (high - low) * volume

plot(f_wvad())

```
### table.all

Returns an array filled with all the current tables drawn by the
script.Typearray<table>Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table.all")
//delete all tables
table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 1, bgcolor = color.yel
low, border_width = 1)
a_allTables = table.all
if array.size(a_allTables) > 0
for i = 0 to array.size(a_allTables) - 1
table.delete(array.get(a_allTables, i))

```
RemarksThe array is read-only. Index zero of the array is the ID of the oldest
object on the chart. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[line.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_line.all)[label.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_label.all)[box.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_box.all)

### time
Current bar time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Typeseries intRemarksNote that this variable
returns the timestamp based on the time of the bar's open. Because of that, for
overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this
variable can return time before the specified date of the trading day. For example,
on EURUSD, `dayofmonth(time)` can be lower by 1 than the date of the trading day,
because the bar for the current day actually opens one day prior. See also: [time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[time\_close]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time_close)[timenow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timenow)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### time\_close
The time of the current bar's close in UNIX format. It represents the number of
milliseconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. On non-standard price-
based chart types (Renko, Line break, Kagi, Point & Figure, and Range), this
variable returns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
on the chart's realtime bars.Typeseries in. See also:
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[timenow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timenow)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### time\_tradingday
The beginning time of the trading day the current bar belongs to, in UNIX format
(the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January
1970).Typeseries intRemarksThe variable is useful for overnight sessions, where the
current day's session can start on the previous calendar day (e.g., on FXCM:EURUSD
the Monday session will start on Sunday, 17:00 in the exchange timezone). Unlike
`time`, which would return the timestamp for Sunday at 17:00 for the Monday daily
bar, `time_tradingday` will return the timestamp for Monday, 00:00 UTC.When used on
timeframes higher than 1D, `time_tradingday` returns the trading day of the last
day inside the bar (e.g. on 1W, it will return the last trading day of the week).
See also: [time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)
[time\_close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time_close)

### timeframe.isdaily
Returns true if current resolution is a daily resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)
[timeframe.isseconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isseconds)[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.isdwm
Returns true if current resolution is a daily or weekly or monthly resolution,
false otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)[timeframe.isseconds](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isseconds)
[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isdaily](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.isintraday
Returns true if current resolution is an intraday (minutes or seconds) resolution,
false otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isminutes](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isminutes)[timeframe.isseconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isseconds)[timeframe.isticks](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isticks)
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isdaily](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.isminutes
Returns true if current resolution is a minutes resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isseconds](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isseconds)
[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isdaily](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is a monthly resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)
[timeframe.isseconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isseconds)[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isdaily](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)
[timeframe.isweekly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isweekly)

### timeframe.isseconds
Returns true if current resolution is a seconds resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)
[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isdaily](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.isticks
Returns true if current resolution is a ticks resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)
[timeframe.isseconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isseconds)[timeframe.isdaily](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)[timeframe.isweekly](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isweekly)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.isweekly
Returns true if current resolution is a weekly resolution, false
otherwise.Typesimple boo. See also:
[timeframe.isdwm](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isdwm)[timeframe.isintraday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isintraday)[timeframe.isminutes](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isminutes)
[timeframe.isseconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.isseconds)[timeframe.isticks](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isticks)[timeframe.isdaily](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.isdaily)
[timeframe.ismonthly](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.ismonthly)

### timeframe.main\_period
A string representation of the script's main timeframe. If the script is an
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
that specifies a `timeframe` value in its declaration statement, this variable
holds that value. Otherwise, its value represents the chart's timeframe. Unlike
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period), this variable's value does not change when used in the
`expression` argument of a `request.*()` function call.The string's format is
"<quantity>[<unit>]", where <unit> is "T" for ticks, "S" for seconds, "D" for days,
"W" for weeks, and "M" for months, but is absent for minutes. No <unit> exists for
hours: hourly timeframes are expressed in minutes.The variable's value is: "10S"
for 10 seconds, "30" for 30 minutes, "240" for four hours, "1D" for one day, "2W"
for two weeks, and "3M" for one quarter.Typesimple strin. See also:
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period)[syminfo.main\_tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.main_tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)
[timeframe.multiplier](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.multiplier)

### timeframe.multiplier
Multiplier of resolution, e.g. '60' - 60, 'D' - 1, '5D' - 5, '12M' - 12.Typesimple
in. See also: [syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)

### timeframe.period
A string representation of the script's main timeframe or a requested timeframe,
depending on how the script uses it. The variable's value represents the timeframe
of a requested dataset when used in the `expression` argument of a `request.*()`
function call. Otherwise, its value represents the script's main timeframe
([timeframe.main\_period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.main_period)), which equals either the `timeframe` argument of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
declaration statement or the chart's timeframe.The string's format is
"<quantity>[<unit>]", where <unit> is "T" for ticks, "S" for seconds, "D" for days,
"W" for weeks, and "M" for months, but is absent for minutes. No <unit> exists for
hours: hourly timeframes are expressed in minutes.The variable's value is: "10S"
for 10 seconds, "30" for 30 minutes, "240" for four hours, "1D" for one day, "2W"
for two weeks, and "3M" for one quarter.Typesimple stringRemarksTo always access
the script's main timeframe, even within another context, use the [timeframe.main\
_period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.main_period) variable. See also:
[timeframe.main\_period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.main_period)[syminfo.main\_tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.main_tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)
[timeframe.multiplier](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.multiplier)

### timenow
Current time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Typeseries intRemarksPlease note that using this
variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also:
[timestamp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp)
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[time\_close]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time_close)[year]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### volume
Current bar volume.Typeseries floatRemarksPrevious values may be accessed with
square brackets operator [], e.g. volume[1], volume[2]. See also:
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open)[high]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high)[low](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low)[close](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)[time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[hl2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2)[hlc3](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlc3)[hlcc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hlcc4)[ohlc4](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ohlc4)

### weekofyear
Week number of current bar time in exchange timezone.Typeseries intRemarksNote that
this variable returns the week based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight
sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can
be lower by 1 than the week of the trading day. See also:
[weekofyear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_weekofyear)
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[year]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)

### year
Current bar year in exchange timezone.Typeseries intRemarksNote that this variable
returns the year based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g.
EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1
than the year of the trading day. See also:
[year](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[weekofyear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)
## Constants

### adjustment.dividends

Constant for dividends adjustment type (dividends adjustment is applied).Typeconst

strin. See also: [adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_adjustment.none)[adjustment.splits](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.splits)[ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)

### adjustment.none
Constant for none adjustment type (no adjustment is applied).Typeconst strin. See
also: [adjustment.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.splits)[adjustment.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.dividends)[ticker.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)

### adjustment.splits
Constant for splits adjustment type (splits adjustment is applied).Typeconst strin.
See also: [adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.none)[adjustment.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.dividends)[ticker.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)

### alert.freq\_all
A named constant for use with the `freq` parameter of the alert() function.All
function calls trigger the alert.Typeconst strin. See also:
[alert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_alert)

### alert.freq\_once\_per\_bar
A named constant for use with the `freq` parameter of the alert() function.The
first function call during the bar triggers the alert.Typeconst strin. See also:
[alert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_alert)

### alert.freq\_once\_per\_bar\_close
A named constant for use with the `freq` parameter of the alert() function.The
function call triggers the alert only when it occurs during the last script
iteration of the real-time bar, when it closes.Typeconst strin. See also: [alert]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_alert)

### backadjustment.inherit
A constant to specify the value of the `backadjustment` parameter in [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new) and
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst backadjustmen. See also: [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[backadjustment.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.on)[backadjustment.off](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.off)

### backadjustment.off
A constant to specify the value of the `backadjustment` parameter in [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new) and
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst backadjustmen. See also: [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[backadjustment.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.on)[backadjustment.inherit](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.inherit)

### backadjustment.on
A constant to specify the value of the `backadjustment` parameter in [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new) and
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst backadjustmen. See also: [ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[backadjustment.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.inherit)[backadjustment.off](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.off)

### barmerge.gaps\_off
Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged continuously without gaps, all
the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing value.Typeconst barmerge\
_gap. See also: [request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.security)[barmerge.gaps\_on](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on)

### barmerge.gaps\_on
Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged with possible gaps ([na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) values).Typeconst
barmerge\_gap. See also: [request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off)

### barmerge.lookahead\_off
Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with
current barset in the order of sorting bars by their close time. This merge
strategy disables effect of getting data from "future" on calculation on
history.Typeconst barmerge\_lookahea. See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.lookahead_on)

### barmerge.lookahead\_on
Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with
current barset in the order of sorting bars by their opening time. This merge
strategy can lead to undesirable effect of getting data from "future" on
calculation on history. This is unacceptable in backtesting strategies, but can be
useful in indicators.Typeconst barmerge\_lookahea. See also: [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off)

### color.aqua
Is a named constant for #00BCD4 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)
[color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.blue)[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.teal)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.black
Is a named constant for #363A45 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.silver]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.silver)
[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.green)
[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)[color.aqua]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.aqua)
[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.orange)

### color.blue
Is a named constant for #2962ff color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.fuchsia
Is a named constant for #E040FB color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.gray
Is a named constant for #787B86 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.green
Is a named constant for #4CAF50 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.lime
Is a named constant for #00E676 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.maroon
Is a named constant for #880E4F color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.navy
Is a named constant for #311B92 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.blue]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.olive
Is a named constant for #808000 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.orange
Is a named constant for #FF9800 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)
[color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.blue)[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.aqua)

### color.purple
Is a named constant for #9C27B0 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.fuchsia]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.red
Is a named constant for #F23645 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.purple](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.silver
Is a named constant for #B2B5BE color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.green)
[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)[color.aqua]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.aqua)
[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.orange)

### color.teal
Is a named constant for #089981 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)
[color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.blue)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.white
Is a named constant for #FFFFFF color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)[color.fuchsia]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.fuchsia)
[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.yellow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.yellow)[color.navy](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)[color.teal]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.teal)
[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### color.yellow
Is a named constant for #FDD835 color.Typeconst colo. See also: [color.black]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.black)
[color.silver](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.silver)[color.gray](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.gray)[color.white](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.white)[color.maroon](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.maroon)[color.red](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.red)[color.purple]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.purple)
[color.fuchsia](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.fuchsia)[color.green](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.green)[color.lime](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.lime)[color.olive](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.olive)[color.navy](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.navy)[color.blue]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_color.blue)
[color.teal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.teal)[color.aqua](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_color.aqua)[color.orange](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.orange)

### currency.AUD
Australian dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.BTC
Bitcoin.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.CAD
Canadian dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.CHF
Swiss franc.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.ETH
Ethereum.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.EUR
Euro.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.GBP
Pound sterling.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.HKD
Hong Kong dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.INR
Indian rupee.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.JPY
Japanese yen.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
### currency.KRW
South Korean won.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.MYR
Malaysian ringgit.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.NOK
Norwegian krone.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.NONE
Unspecified currency.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.NZD
New Zealand dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.RUB
Russian ruble.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.SEK
Swedish krona.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.SGD
Singapore dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.TRY
Turkish lira.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.USD
United States dollar.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.USDT
Tether.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### currency.ZAR
South African rand.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### dayofweek.friday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.monday)[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)
[dayofweek.thursday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.thursday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)

### dayofweek.monday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)[dayofweek.thursday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.thursday)
[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.friday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)

### dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.monday)[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)
[dayofweek.thursday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.thursday)[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.friday)

### dayofweek.sunday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.monday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.monday)
[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)[dayofweek.thursday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.thursday)
[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.friday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)

### dayofweek.thursday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.monday)[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)
[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.friday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)
### dayofweek.tuesday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.monday)[dayofweek.wednesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.wednesday)[dayofweek.thursday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.thursday)
[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.friday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)

### dayofweek.wednesday
Is a named constant for return value of
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)
function and value of [dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_dayofweek) variable.Typeconst in. See also: [dayofweek.sunday]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.sunday)
[dayofweek.monday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.monday)[dayofweek.tuesday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.tuesday)[dayofweek.thursday](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.thursday)
[dayofweek.friday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dayofweek.friday)[dayofweek.saturday](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_dayofweek.saturday)

### display.all
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` and `input*()`
functions. Displays plotted or input values in all possible locations.Typeconst
plot\_simple\_displa. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[plotbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)[plotcandle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### display.data\_window
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` and `input*()`
functions. Displays plotted or input values in the Data Window, a menu accessible
from the chart's right sidebar.Typeconst plot\_displa. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[plotbar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)[plotcandle]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### display.none
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` and `input*()`
functions. `plot*()` functions using this will not display their plotted values
anywhere. However, alert template messages and
[fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill) functions
can still use the values, and they will appear in exported chart data. `input*()`
functions using this constant will only display their values within the script's
settings.Typeconst plot\_simple\_displa. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[plotbar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)[plotcandle]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### display.pane
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` functions.
Displays plotted values in the chart pane used by the script.Typeconst plot\
_displa. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[plotbar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)[plotcandle]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### display.price\_scale
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` functions.
Displays the plot’s label and value on the price scale if the chart's settings
allow it.Typeconst plot\_displa. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[plotbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)[plotcandle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### display.status\_line
A named constant for use with the `display` parameter of `plot*()` and `input*()`
functions. Displays plotted or input values in the status line next to the script's
name on the chart if the chart's settings allow it.Typeconst plot\_displa. See
also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[plotarrow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)
[plotbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)
[plotcandle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### dividends.gross
A named constant for the [request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.dividends) function. Is used to request the
dividends return on a stock before deductions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.dividends)

### dividends.net
A named constant for the [request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.dividends) function. Is used to request the
dividends return on a stock after deductions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.dividends)

### earnings.actual
A named constant for the [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings) function. Is used to request the
earnings value as it was reported.Typeconst strin. See also: [request.earnings]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)
### earnings.estimate
A named constant for the [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings) function. Is used to request the
estimated earnings value.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.earnings)

### earnings.standardized
A named constant for the [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings) function. Is used to request the
standardized earnings value.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.earnings)

### extend.both
A named constant for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend)[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.none)[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.left)[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_extend.right)

### extend.left
A named constant for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend)[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.none)[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.right)[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_extend.both)

### extend.none
A named constant for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend)[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.left)[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.right)[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_extend.both)

### extend.right
A named constant for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_extend)[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.none)[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.left)[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_extend.both)

### false
Literal representing a
[bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool) value, and
result of a comparison operation.RemarksSee the User Manual for [comparison
operators](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/operators/
#comparison-operators) and [logical operators](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-docs/language/operators/#logical-operators). See also:
[bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool)

### font.family\_default
Default text font for
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_box.set_text_font_family), [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new),
[label.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_label.set_text_font_family), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) and [table.cell\_set\_text\_font\_family]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_font_family) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_box.set_text_font_family)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_text\_font\_family](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_text_font_family)
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_font_family)[font.family\_monospace]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_monospace)

### font.family\_monospace
Monospace text font for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_box.set_text_font_family), [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new),
[label.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_label.set_text_font_family), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) and [table.cell\_set\_text\_font\_family]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_font_family) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_box.set_text_font_family)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_text\_font\_family](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_text_font_family)
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_font\_family](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_font_family)[font.family\_default](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_default)

### format.inherit
Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values from
the parent series in the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_indicator) function.Typeconst strin. See also: [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)[format.price]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_format.price)
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume)[format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent)

### format.mintick
Is a named constant to use with the
[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.tostring) function. Passing a number to
[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.tostring) with this argument rounds the number to the nearest value that
can be divided by [syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick), without the remainder, with ties rounding up,
and returns the string version of said value with trailing zeros.Typeconst strin.
See also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit)[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.price)[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_format.volume)

### format.percent
Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values as a
percentage in the indicator function. It adds a percent sign after values.Typeconst
stringRemarksThe default precision is 2, regardless of the precision of the chart
itself. This can be changed with the 'precision' argument of the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator) function. See
also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit)[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.price)[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_format.volume)

### format.price
Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values as
prices in the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
function.Typeconst stringRemarksIf format is format.price, default precision value
is set. You can use the precision argument of indicator function to change the
precision value. See also: [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_indicator)[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_format.inherit)[format.volume](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_format.volume)[format.percent]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_format.percent)

### format.volume
Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values as
volume in the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
function, e.g. '5183' will be formatted as '5.183K'.The decimal precision rules
defined by this variable take precedence over other precision settings. When an
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy), or
`plot*()` call uses this `format` option, the function's `precision` parameter will
not affect the result.Typeconst strin. See also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit)[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.price)[format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_format.percent)

### hline.style\_dashed
Is a named constant for dashed linestyle of
[hline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hline)
function.Typeconst hline\_styl. See also:
[hline.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_hline.style_solid)[hline.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_hline.style_dotted)

### hline.style\_dotted
Is a named constant for dotted linestyle of
[hline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hline)
function.Typeconst hline\_styl. See also:
[hline.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_hline.style_solid)[hline.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_hline.style_dashed)

### hline.style\_solid
Is a named constant for solid linestyle of
[hline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hline)
function.Typeconst hline\_styl. See also:
[hline.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_hline.style_dotted)[hline.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_hline.style_dashed)

### label.style\_arrowdown
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_arrowup
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_circle
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_arrowup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowup)
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_cross
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)[label.style\_triangledown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_diamond
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)

### label.style\_flag
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_circle](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)[label.style\_arrowup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowup)
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_center
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_down
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_left)[label.style\_label\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_right)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)[label.style\_label\_lower\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left)
[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_left
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_right)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)[label.style\_label\_lower\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left)
[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_lower\_left
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)
[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_lower\_right
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_right
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)[label.style\_label\_lower\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left)
[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_up
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_upper\_left
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\
_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_right)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_label\_upper\_right
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_none
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_xcross](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_xcross)
[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)[label.style\_triangledown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_square
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)
### label.style\_text\_outline
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_triangledown
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)
[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)[label.style\_arrowup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowup)
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_triangleup
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross)[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangledown](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangledown)
[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)[label.style\_arrowup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowup)
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)[label.style\_label\_down]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left)
[label.style\_label\_lower\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_right)[label.style\_label\_upper\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_left)[label.style\_label\_upper\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_right)
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center)[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### label.style\_xcross
Label style for
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
and [label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_style)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.style\_none](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_none)[label.style\
_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_cross)[label.style\_triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_triangleup)[label.style\_triangledown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown)[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_flag)[label.style\_circle](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle)
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup)[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_arrowdown)[label.style\_label\_up]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_up)
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down)[label.style\_label\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_left)
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right)[label.style\_label\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_center)
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square)[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_diamond)

### line.style\_arrow\_both
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions. Solid line with arrows on both points.Typeconst
strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dotted](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\
_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_right)

### line.style\_arrow\_left
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions. Solid line with arrow on the first point.Typeconst
strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dotted](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\
_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_right)[line.style\_arrow\_both]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_both)
### line.style\_arrow\_right
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions. Solid line with arrow on the second point.Typeconst
strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dotted](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\
_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_both]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_both)

### line.style\_dashed
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dotted](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\
_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_right)
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both)

### line.style\_dotted
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dashed](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\
_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_right)
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both)

### line.style\_solid
Line style for
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new) and
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_style)[line.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\_dashed](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\
_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_right)
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both)

### location.abovebar
Location value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. Shape is plotted above main series bars.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[location.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.belowbar)[location.top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.top)[location.bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.bottom)[location.absolute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.absolute)

### location.absolute
Location value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. Shape is plotted on chart using indicator value as a price
coordinate.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.abovebar)[location.belowbar](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.belowbar)
[location.top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.top)[location.bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.bottom)

### location.belowbar
Location value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. Shape is plotted below main series bars.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar)[location.top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.top)[location.bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.bottom)[location.absolute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.absolute)

### location.bottom
Location value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. Shape is plotted near the bottom chart border.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar)[location.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_location.belowbar)[location.top](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.top)
[location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.absolute)
### location.top
Location value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. Shape is plotted near the top chart border.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar)[location.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_location.belowbar)[location.bottom](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_location.bottom)
[location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.absolute)

### math.e
Is a named constant for [Euler's number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_
%28mathematical_constant%29). It is equal to 2.7182818284590452.Typeconst floa. See
also:
[math.phi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.phi)
[math.pi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.pi)
[math.rphi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.rphi)

### math.phi
Is a named constant for the [golden
ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio). It is equal to
1.6180339887498948.Typeconst floa. See also:
[math.e](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.e)
[math.pi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.pi)
[math.rphi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.rphi)

### math.pi
Is a named constant for [Archimedes' constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi).
It is equal to 3.1415926535897932.Typeconst floa. See also:
[math.e](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.e)
[math.phi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.phi)
[math.rphi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.rphi)

### math.rphi
Is a named constant for the [golden ratio
conjugate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio#Golden_ratio_conjugate). It
is equal to 0.6180339887498948.Typeconst floa. See also:
[math.e](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.e)
[math.pi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.pi)
[math.phi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_math.phi)

### order.ascending
Determines the sort order of the array from the smallest to the largest
value.Typeconst sort\_orde. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### order.descending
Determines the sort order of the array from the largest to the smallest
value.Typeconst sort\_orde. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)
### plot.style\_area
A named constant for the 'Area' style, to be used as an argument for the `style`
parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_columns](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\
_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_areabr
A named constant for the 'Area With Breaks' style, to be used as an argument for
the `style` parameter in the [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plot) function. Similar to
[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_area), except the gaps in the data are not filled.Typeconst plot\
_styl. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\
_steplinebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_steplinebr)[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\
_stepline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_stepline)[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)
[plot.style\_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_histogram)[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\
_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_circles
A named constant for the 'Circles' style, to be used as an argument for the `style`
parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\_areabr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\
_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_columns)

### plot.style\_columns
A named constant for the 'Columns' style, to be used as an argument for the `style`
parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\_areabr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\
_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_cross
A named constant for the 'Cross' style, to be used as an argument for the `style`
parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_columns](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\
_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_histogram
A named constant for the 'Histogram' style, to be used as an argument for the
`style` parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_cross](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\
_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)
[plot.style\_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_line
A named constant for the 'Line' style, to be used as an argument for the `style`
parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\_stepline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\_areabr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\
_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_linebr
A named constant for the 'Line With Breaks' style, to be used as an argument for
the `style` parameter in the [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plot) function. Similar to
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line), except the gaps in the data are not filled.Typeconst plot\
_styl. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\
_steplinebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_steplinebr)[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_stepline](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_histogram](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram)
[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\_areabr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\
_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_stepline
A named constant for the 'Step Line' style, to be used as an argument for the
`style` parameter in the
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also: [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_steplinebr)
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)[plot.style\_linebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\
_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_histogram)[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\
_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_stepline\_diamond
A named constant for the 'Step Line With Diamonds' style, to be used as an argument
for the `style` parameter in the [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plot) function. Similar to
[plot.style\_stepline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_stepline), except the data changes are also marked with the
Diamond shapes.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\
_steplinebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_steplinebr)[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\
_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_histogram)[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\
_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)[plot.style\_circles](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_circles)

### plot.style\_steplinebr
A named constant for the 'Step line with Breaks' style, to be used as an argument
for the `style` parameter in the [plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_plot) function.Typeconst plot\_styl. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plot.style\
_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles)[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_line)[plot.style\_linebr](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr)[plot.style\
_stepline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_stepline)[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond)
[plot.style\_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_histogram)[plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross)[plot.style\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area)[plot.style\
_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr)[plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns)

### position.bottom\_center
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the bottom edge in the
center.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left)[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)

### position.bottom\_left
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the bottom left of the
screen.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left)[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.bottom\_right
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the bottom right of the
screen.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left)[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.middle\_center
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the center of the
screen.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left)[position.middle\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)[position.bottom\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_left)
[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.middle\_left
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the left side of the
screen.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.middle\_right
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the right side of the
screen.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left)[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_center)[position.bottom\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_left)
[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.top\_center
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the top edge in the
center.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)[position.middle\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_left)
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.top\_left
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the upper-left
edge.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_center)[position.top\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_right)[position.middle\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_left)
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_center)

### position.top\_right
Table position is used in [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) functions.Binds the table to the upper-right
edge.Typeconst strin. See also: [table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)[position.top\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left)[position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center)[position.middle\_left](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_left)
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center)[position.middle\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.middle_right)
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left)[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_position.bottom_center)

### scale.left
Scale value for
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
function. Indicator is added to the left price scale.Typeconst scale\_typ. See
also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)

### scale.none
Scale value for
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
function. Indicator is added in 'No Scale' mode. Can be used only with
'overlay=true'.Typeconst scale\_typ. See also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)

### scale.right
Scale value for
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
function. Indicator is added to the right price scale.Typeconst scale\_typ. See
also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)

### session.extended
Constant for extended session type (with extended hours data).Typeconst strin. See
also: [session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.regular)[syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session)

### session.regular
Constant for regular session type (no extended hours data).Typeconst strin. See
also: [session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.extended)[syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session)

### settlement\_as\_close.inherit
A constant to specify the value of the `settlement_as_close` parameter in
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
and [ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst settlemen. See also:
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[settlement\_as\_close.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.on)[settlement\_as\_close.off]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.off)

### settlement\_as\_close.off
A constant to specify the value of the `settlement_as_close` parameter in
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
and [ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst settlemen. See also:
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[settlement\_as\_close.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.on)[settlement\_as\_close.inherit]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.inherit)

### settlement\_as\_close.on
A constant to specify the value of the `settlement_as_close` parameter in
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
and [ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify) functions.Typeconst settlemen. See also:
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.modify)[settlement\_as\_close.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.inherit)[settlement\_as\
_close.off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.off)
### shape.arrowdown
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.arrowup
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.circle
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.cross
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.diamond
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.flag
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.labeldown
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.labelup
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.square
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.triangledown
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.triangleup
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### shape.xcross
Shape style for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)

### size.auto
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape automatically adapts to the size of the
bars.Typeconst strin. See also: [plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_size)[size.tiny](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.small]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.small)
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.large)[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge)

### size.huge
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape constantly huge.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.auto)[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.small)[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.normal)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.large)

### size.large
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape constantly large.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.auto)[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.small)[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.normal)[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge)
### size.normal
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape constantly normal.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.auto)[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.small)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.large)[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge)

### size.small
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape constantly small.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.auto)[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.large)[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge)

### size.tiny
Size value for
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape),
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
functions. The size of the shape constantly tiny.Typeconst strin. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.auto)[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.small)[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.normal)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.large)[size.huge](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge)

### splits.denominator
A named constant for the [request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.splits) function. Is used to request the denominator (the
number below the line in a fraction) of a splits.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.splits)

### splits.numerator
A named constant for the [request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.splits) function. Is used to request the numerator (the
number above the line in a fraction) of a splits.Typeconst strin. See also:
[request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.splits)
### strategy.cash
This is one of the arguments that can be supplied to the `default_qty_type`
parameter in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement. It is only relevant when no value is used for the ‘qty’
parameter in [strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.entry) or [strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order) function calls. It specifies that an
amount of cash in the `strategy.account_currency` will be used to enter
trades.Typeconst stringExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.cash", overlay = true, default_qty_value = 50, default_qty_type
= strategy.cash, initial_capital = 1000000)

if bar_index == 0
// As ‘qty’ is not defined, the previously defined values for the `default_qty_
type` and `default_qty_value` parameters are used to enter trades, namely 50 units
of cash in the currency of `strategy.account_currency`.
// `qty` is calculated as (default_qty_value)/(close price). If current price i
s $5, then qty = 50/5 = 10.
strategy.entry("EN", strategy.long)
if bar_index == 2
strategy.close("EN")

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)

### strategy.commission.cash\_per\_contract
Commission type for an order. Money displayed in the account currency per
contract.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### strategy.commission.cash\_per\_order
Commission type for an order. Money displayed in the account currency per
order.Typeconst strin. See also: [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### strategy.commission.percent
Commission type for an order. A percentage of the cash volume of order.Typeconst
strin. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)

### strategy.direction.all
It allows strategy to open both long and short positions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy.risk.allow\_entry\_in](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.risk.allow_entry_in)

### strategy.direction.long
It allows strategy to open only long positions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy.risk.allow\_entry\_in](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.risk.allow_entry_in)

### strategy.direction.short
It allows strategy to open only short positions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[strategy.risk.allow\_entry\_in](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.risk.allow_entry_in)
### strategy.fixed
This is one of the arguments that can be supplied to the `default_qty_type`
parameter in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement. It is only relevant when no value is used for the ‘qty’
parameter in [strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.entry) or [strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order) function calls. It specifies that a number
of contracts/shares/lots will be used to enter trades.Typeconst stringExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.fixed", overlay = true, default_qty_value = 50, default_qty_type
= strategy.fixed, initial_capital = 1000000)

if bar_index == 0
// As ‘qty’ is not defined, the previously defined values for the `default_qty_
type` and `default_qty_value` parameters are used to enter trades, namely 50 contra
cts.
// qty = 50
strategy.entry("EN", strategy.long)
if bar_index == 2
strategy.close("EN")

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)

### strategy.long
A named constant for use with the `direction` parameter of the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) and
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) commands. It specifies that the command creates a buy
order.Typeconst strategy\_directio. See also:
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order)

### strategy.oca.cancel
A named constant for use with the `oca_type` parameter of the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) and
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) commands. It specifies that the strategy cancels the unfilled
order when another order with the same `oca_name` and `oca_type` executes.Typeconst
stringRemarksStrategies cannot cancel or reduce pending orders from an OCA group if
they execute on the same tick. For example, if the market price triggers two stop
orders from [strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) calls with the same `oca_*` arguments, the strategy cannot
fully or partially cancel either one. See also:
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order)

### strategy.oca.none
A named constant for use with the `oca_type` parameter of the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) and
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) commands. It specifies that the order executes independently
of all other orders, including those with the same `oca_name`.Typeconst strin. See
also: [strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order)

### strategy.oca.reduce
A named constant for use with the `oca_type` parameter of the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) and
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) commands. It specifies that when another order with the same
`oca_name` and `oca_type` executes, the strategy reduces the unfilled order by that
order's size. If the unfilled order's size reaches 0 after reduction, it is the
same as canceling the order entirely.Typeconst stringRemarksStrategies cannot
cancel or reduce pending orders from an OCA group if they execute on the same tick.
For example, if the market price triggers two stop orders from [strategy.order]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order) calls
with the same `oca_*` arguments, the strategy cannot fully or partially cancel
either one.Orders from [strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) automatically use this OCA type, and they belong
to the same OCA group by default. See also:
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order)

### strategy.percent\_of\_equity
This is one of the arguments that can be supplied to the `default_qty_type`
parameter in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement. It is only relevant when no value is used for the ‘qty’
parameter in [strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.entry) or [strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order) function calls. It specifies that a
percentage (0-100) of equity will be used to enter trades.Typeconst stringExample
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.percent_of_equity", overlay = false, default_qty_value = 100, de
fault_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, initial_capital = 1000000)

// As ‘qty’ is not defined, the previously defined values for the `default_qty_type
` and `default_qty_value` parameters are used to enter trades, namely 100% of avail
able equity.
if bar_index == 0
strategy.entry("EN", strategy.long)
if bar_index == 2
strategy.close("EN")
plot(strategy.equity)

// The ‘qty’ parameter is set to 10. Entering position with fixed size of 10 contr
acts and entry market price = (10 * close).
if bar_index == 4
strategy.entry("EN", strategy.long, qty = 10)
if bar_index == 6
strategy.close("EN")

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)

### strategy.short
A named constant for use with the `direction` parameter of the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) and
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) commands. It specifies that the command creates a sell
order.Typeconst strategy\_directio. See also:
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order)

### text.align\_bottom
Vertical text alignment for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_valign), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) and
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[text.align\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center)[text.align\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_left)
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right)

### text.align\_center
Text alignment for
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign),
[box.set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_valign), [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new) and
[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_textalign) functions.Typeconst strin. See also: [label.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\
_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_style)
[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_left)[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.align_right)

### text.align\_left
Horizontal text alignment for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign), [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new) and
[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_textalign) functions.Typeconst strin. See also: [label.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\
_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_style)
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center)[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_right)
### text.align\_right
Horizontal text alignment for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign), [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new) and
[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_textalign) functions.Typeconst strin. See also: [label.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\
_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_style)
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center)[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_left)

### text.align\_top
Vertical text alignment for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new),
[box.set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_valign), [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) and
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[text.align\_center](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center)[text.align\
_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_left)
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right)

### text.format\_bold
A named constant for use with the `text_formatting` parameter of the `label.new()`,
`box.new()`, `table.cell()`, and `*set_text_formatting()` functions. Makes the text
bold.Typeconst text\_forma. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)

### text.format\_italic
A named constant for use with the `text_formatting` parameter of the `label.new()`,
`box.new()`, `table.cell()`, and `*set_text_formatting()` functions. Italicizes the
text.Typeconst text\_forma. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)

### text.format\_none
A named constant for use with the `text_formatting` parameter of the `label.new()`,
`box.new()`, `table.cell()`, and `*set_text_formatting()` functions. Signifies no
special text formatting.Typeconst text\_forma. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)

### text.wrap\_auto
Automatic wrapping mode for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new) and
[box.set\_text\_wrap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_wrap) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_wrap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_wrap)

### text.wrap\_none
Disabled wrapping mode for [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new) and
[box.set\_text\_wrap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_wrap) functions.Typeconst strin. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_wrap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_wrap)

### true
Literal representing one of the values a [bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_bool) variable can hold, or an expression can evaluate to
when it uses comparison or logical operators.RemarksSee the User Manual for
[comparison
operators](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/operators/
#comparison-operators) and [logical operators](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-docs/language/operators/#logical-operators). See also:
[bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool)

### xloc.bar\_index
A constant that specifies how functions that create and modify Pine drawings
interpret x-coordinates. If `xloc = xloc.bar_index`, the drawing object treats each
x-coordinate as a `bar_index` value.Typeconst strin. See also: [xloc.bar\_time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_time)
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[polyline.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_polyline.new)[line.set\_xloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.set_xloc)[label.set\_xloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_xloc)

### xloc.bar\_time
A constant that specifies how functions that create and modify Pine drawings
interpret x-coordinates. If `xloc = xloc.bar_time`, the drawing object treats each
x-coordinate as a UNIX timestamp, expressed in milliseconds.Typeconst strin. See
also: [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index)[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.new)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[polyline.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_polyline.new)[line.set\_xloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_xloc)[label.set\_xloc](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_xloc)[xloc.bar\_index]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index)

### yloc.abovebar
A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
function
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new).Ty
peconst strin. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_yloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_yloc)[yloc.price](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.price)[yloc.belowbar](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.belowbar)

### yloc.belowbar
A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
function
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new).Ty
peconst strin. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_yloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_yloc)[yloc.price](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.price)[yloc.abovebar](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.abovebar)

### yloc.price
A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
function
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new).Ty
peconst strin. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_yloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_yloc)[yloc.abovebar](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.abovebar)[yloc.belowbar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.belowbar)
## Functions

### alert()

Creates an alert trigger for an indicator or strategy, with a specified frequency,

when called on the latest realtime bar. To activate alerts for a script containing
calls to this function, open the "Create Alert" dialog box, then select the script
name and "Any alert() function call" in the "Condition" section.Syntax
```
alert(message, freq) → void
```
Argumentsmessage (series string) The message to send when the alert occurs.freq
(input string) Optional. Determines the allowed frequency of the alert trigger.
Possible values are: [alert.freq\_all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_alert.freq_all) (allows an alert on any realtime update),
[alert.freq\_once\_per\_bar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_alert.freq_once_per_bar) (allows an alert only on the first execution for
each realtime bar), or
[alert.freq\_once\_per\_bar\_close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_alert.freq_once_per_bar_close) (allows an alert only when a
realtime bar closes). The default is
[alert.freq\_once\_per\_bar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_alert.freq_once_per_bar).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`alert()` example", "", true)
ma = ta.sma(close, 14)
xUp = ta.crossover(close, ma)
if xUp
// Trigger the alert the first time a cross occurs during the real-time bar.
alert("Price (" + str.tostring(close) + ") crossed over MA (" + str.tostring(ma
) + ").", alert.freq_once_per_bar)
plot(ma)
plotchar(xUp, "xUp", "▲", location.top, size = size.tiny)

```
RemarksThe `alert()` function does not display information on the chart.In contrast
to [alertcondition](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_alertcondition), calls to this function do not count toward a script's plot
count. Additionally, `alert()` calls are allowed in local scopes, including the
scopes of exported library functions.See [this
article](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000597494) in our Help
Center to learn more about activating alerts from `alert()` calls. See also:
[alertcondition](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_alertcondition)

### alertcondition()
Creates alert condition, that is available in Create Alert dialog. Please note,
that [alertcondition](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_alertcondition) does NOT create an alert, it just gives you more options in
Create Alert dialog. Also, [alertcondition](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_alertcondition) effect is invisible on chart.Syntax
```
alertcondition(condition, title, message) → void
```
Argumentscondition (series bool) Series of boolean values that is used for alert.
True values mean alert fire, false - no alert. Required argument.title (const
string) Title of the alert condition. Optional argument.message (const string)
Message to display when alert fires. Optional argument.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("alertcondition", overlay=true)
alertcondition(close >= open, title='Alert on Green Bar', message='Green Bar!')

```
RemarksPlease note that an alertcondition call generates an additional plot. All
such calls are taken into account when we calculate the number of the output series
per script. See also:
[alert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_alert)

### array.abs()
2 overloadsReturns an array containing the absolute value of each element in the
original array.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.abs(id) → array<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.abs-0)[```
array.abs(id) → array<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.abs-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)[order.descending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.descending)

### array.avg()
2 overloadsThe function returns the mean of an array's elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.avg(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.avg-0)[```
array.avg(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.avg-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.avg example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.avg(a))

```
ReturnsMean of array's elements. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.max)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.min)[array.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev)

### array.binary\_search()
The function returns the index of the value, or -1 if the value is not found. The
array to search must be sorted in ascending order.Syntax
```
array.binary_search(id, val) → series int
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.val (series int/float) The value to
search for in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.binary_search")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
array.sort(a) // [-2, 0, 1, 5, 9]
position = array.binary_search(a, 0) // 1
plot(position)

```
RemarksA binary search works on arrays pre-sorted in ascending order. It begins by
comparing an element in the middle of the array with the target value. If the
element matches the target value, its position in the array is returned. If the
element's value is greater than the target value, the search continues in the lower
half of the array. If the element's value is less than the target value, the search
continues in the upper half of the array. By doing this recursively, the algorithm
progressively eliminates smaller and smaller portions of the array in which the
target value cannot lie. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.binary\_search\_leftmost()
The function returns the index of the value if it is found. When the value is not
found, the function returns the index of the next smallest element to the left of
where the value would lie if it was in the array. The array to search must be
sorted in ascending order.Syntax
```
array.binary_search_leftmost(id, val) → series int
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.val (series int/float) The value to
search for in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.binary_search_leftmost")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
array.sort(a) // [-2, 0, 1, 5, 9]
position = array.binary_search_leftmost(a, 3) // 2
plot(position)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.binary_search_leftmost, repetitive elements")
a = array.from(4, 5, 5, 5)
// Returns the index of the first instance.
position = array.binary_search_leftmost(a, 5)
plot(position) // Plots 1

```
RemarksA binary search works on arrays pre-sorted in ascending order. It begins by
comparing an element in the middle of the array with the target value. If the
element matches the target value, its position in the array is returned. If the
element's value is greater than the target value, the search continues in the lower
half of the array. If the element's value is less than the target value, the search
continues in the upper half of the array. By doing this recursively, the algorithm
progressively eliminates smaller and smaller portions of the array in which the
target value cannot lie. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.binary\_search\_rightmost()
The function returns the index of the value if it is found. When the value is not
found, the function returns the index of the element to the right of where the
value would lie if it was in the array. The array must be sorted in ascending
order.Syntax
```
array.binary_search_rightmost(id, val) → series int
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.val (series int/float) The value to
search for in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.binary_search_rightmost")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
array.sort(a) // [-2, 0, 1, 5, 9]
position = array.binary_search_rightmost(a, 3) // 3
plot(position)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.binary_search_rightmost, repetitive elements")
a = array.from(4, 5, 5, 5)
// Returns the index of the last instance.
position = array.binary_search_rightmost(a, 5)
plot(position) // Plots 3

```
RemarksA binary search works on sorted arrays in ascending order. It begins by
comparing an element in the middle of the array with the target value. If the
element matches the target value, its position in the array is returned. If the
element's value is greater than the target value, the search continues in the lower
half of the array. If the element's value is less than the target value, the search
continues in the upper half of the array. By doing this recursively, the algorithm
progressively eliminates smaller and smaller portions of the array in which the
target value cannot lie. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.clear()
The function removes all elements from an array.Syntax
```
array.clear(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.clear example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
array.clear(a)
array.push(a, close)
plot(array.get(a,0))
plot(array.size(a))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.pop](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.pop)

### array.concat()
The function is used to merge two arrays. It pushes all elements from the second
array to the first array, and returns the first array.Syntax
```
array.concat(id1, id2) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid1 (any array type) The first array object.id2 (any array type) The
second array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.concat example")
a = array.new_float(0,0)
b = array.new_float(0,0)
for i = 0 to 4
 array.push(a, high[i])
array.push(b, low[i])
c = array.concat(a,b)
plot(array.size(a))
plot(array.size(b))
plot(array.size(c))

```
ReturnsThe first array with merged elements from the second array. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)

### array.copy()
The function creates a copy of an existing array.Syntax
```
array.copy(id) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.copy example")
length = 5
a = array.new_float(length, close)
b = array.copy(a)
a := array.new_float(length, open)
plot(array.sum(a) / length)
plot(array.sum(b) / length)

```
ReturnsA copy of an array. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.covariance()
The function returns the covariance of two arrays.Syntax
```
array.covariance(id1, id2, biased) → series float
```
Argumentsid1 (array<int/float>) An array object.id2 (array<int/float>) An array
object.biased (series bool) Determines which estimate should be used. Optional. The
default is true.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.covariance example")
a = array.new_float(0)
b = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
array.push(b, open[i])
plot(array.covariance(a, b))

```
ReturnsThe covariance of two arrays.RemarksIf `biased` is true, function will
calculate using a biased estimate of the entire population, if false - unbiased
estimate of a sample. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.max)[array.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.avg)[array.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.variance)

### array.every()
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
all elements of the `id` array are [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true), [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise.Syntax
```
array.every(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (array<bool>) An array object.RemarksThis function also works with
arrays of [int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int) and
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float) types, in
which case zero values are considered [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false), and all others
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true). See also:
[array.some](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.some)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)

### array.fill()
The function sets elements of an array to a single value. If no index is specified,
all elements are set. If only a start index (default 0) is supplied, the elements
starting at that index are set. If both index parameters are used, the elements
from the starting index up to but not including the end index (default na) are
set.Syntax
```
array.fill(id, value, index_from, index_to) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) Value to fill the array with.index\_from (series int) Start index,
default is 0.index\_to (series int) End index, default is na. Must be one greater
than the index of the last element to set.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.fill example")
a = array.new_float(10)
array.fill(a, close)
plot(array.sum(a))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)

### array.first()
Returns the array's first element. Throws a runtime error if the array is
empty.Syntax
```
array.first(id) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.first example")
arr = array.new_int(3, 10)
plot(array.first(arr))

```
See also[array.last](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.last)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.get)

### array.from()
12 overloadsThe function takes a variable number of arguments with one of the
types: int, float, bool, string, label, line, color, box, table, linefill, and
returns an array of the corresponding type.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<type>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-0)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<series enum>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-1)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<label>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-2)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<line>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-3)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<box>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-4)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<table>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-5)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<linefill>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-6)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<string>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-7)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<color>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-8)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-9)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-10)[```
array.from(arg0, arg1, ...) → array<bool>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from-
11)Argumentsarg0, arg1, ... (<arg...\_type>) Array arguments.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.from_example", overlay = false)
arr = array.from("Hello", "World!") // arr (array<string>) will contain 2 elements:
{Hello}, {World!}.
plot(close)

```
ReturnsThe array element's value.RemarksThis function can accept up to 4,000 'int',
'float', 'bool', or 'color' arguments. For all other types, including user-defined
types, the limit is 999.
### array.get()

The function returns the value of the element at the specified index.Syntax
```
array.get(id, index) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.index (series int) The index of the
element whose value is to be returned.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.get example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i] - open[i])
plot(array.get(a, 9))

```
ReturnsThe array element's value.RemarksIf the index is positive, the function
counts forwards from the beginning of the array to the end. The index of the first
element is 0, and the index of the last element is `array.size() - 1`. If the index
is negative, the function counts backwards from the end of the array to the
beginning. In this case, the index of the last element is -1, and the index of the
first element is negative `array.size()`. For example, for an array that contains
three elements, all of the following are valid arguments for the `index` parameter:
0, 1, 2, -1, -2, -3. See also: [array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.includes()
The function returns true if the value was found in an array, false
otherwise.Syntax
```
array.includes(id, value) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) The value to search in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.includes example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
p = close
if array.includes(a, high)
p := open
plot(p)

```
ReturnsTrue if the value was found in the array, false otherwise. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.indexof](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.indexof)[array.shift](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.shift)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.insert](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)

### array.indexof()
The function returns the index of the first occurrence of the value, or -1 if the
value is not found.Syntax
```
array.indexof(id, value) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) The value to search in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.indexof example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
index = array.indexof(a, high)
plot(index)

```
ReturnsThe index of an element. See also:
[array.lastindexof](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.lastindexof)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[array.lastindexof](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.lastindexof)[array.remove](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.insert]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)

### array.insert()
The function changes the contents of an array by adding new elements in
place.Syntax
```
array.insert(id, index, value) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.index (series int) The index at which
to insert the value.value (series <type of the array's elements>) The value to add
to the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.insert example")
a = array.new_float(5, close)
array.insert(a, 0, open)
plot(array.get(a, 5))

```
RemarksIf the index is positive, the function counts forwards from the beginning of
the array to the end. The index of the first element is 0, and the index of the
last element is `array.size() - 1`. If the index is negative, the function counts
backwards from the end of the array to the beginning. In this case, the index of
the last element is -1, and the index of the first element is negative
`array.size()`. For example, for an array that contains three elements, all of the
following are valid arguments for the `index` parameter: 0, 1, 2, -1, -2, -3. See
also: [array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.pop](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.pop)[array.unshift](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.unshift)

### array.join()
The function creates and returns a new string by concatenating all the elements of
an array, separated by the specified separator string.Syntax
```
array.join(id, separator) → series string
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float/string>) An array object.separator (series string) The
string used to separate each array element.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.join example")
a = array.new_float(5, 5)
label.new(bar_index, close, array.join(a, ","))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.pop](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.pop)[array.unshift](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.unshift)

### array.last()
Returns the array's last element. Throws a runtime error if the array is
empty.Syntax
```
array.last(id) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.last example")
arr = array.new_int(3, 10)
plot(array.last(arr))

```
See also[array.first](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.first)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.get)

### array.lastindexof()
The function returns the index of the last occurrence of the value, or -1 if the
value is not found.Syntax
```
array.lastindexof(id, value) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) The value to search in the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.lastindexof example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
index = array.lastindexof(a, high)
plot(index)

```
ReturnsThe index of an element. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)

### array.max()
4 overloadsThe function returns the greatest value, or the nth greatest value in a
given array.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.max(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max-0)[```
array.max(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max-1)[```
array.max(id, nth) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max-2)[```
array.max(id, nth) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max-
3)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.max")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
thirdHighest = array.max(a, 2) // 1
plot(thirdHighest)

```
ReturnsThe greatest or the nth greatest value in the array. See also: [array.new\
_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min)
[array.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)

### array.median()
2 overloadsThe function returns the median of an array's elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.median(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.median-0)[```
array.median(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.median-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.median example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.median(a))

```
ReturnsThe median of the array's elements. See also:
[array.median](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.median)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.avg)[array.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.variance)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min)

### array.min()
4 overloadsThe function returns the smallest value, or the nth smallest value in a
given array.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.min(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min-0)[```
array.min(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min-1)[```
array.min(id, nth) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min-2)[```
array.min(id, nth) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min-
3)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.min")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
secondLowest = array.min(a, 1) // 0
plot(secondLowest)
```
ReturnsThe smallest or the nth smallest value in the array. See also: [array.new\
_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max)
[array.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)

### array.mode()
2 overloadsThe function returns the mode of an array's elements. If there are
several values with the same frequency, it returns the smallest value.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.mode(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.mode-0)[```
array.mode(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.mode-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.mode example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.mode(a))

```
ReturnsThe most frequently occurring value from the `id` array. If none exists,
returns the smallest value instead. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[ta.mode](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_ta.mode)[matrix.mode](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_matrix.mode)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.avg)[array.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.variance)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min)

### array.new\_bool()
The function creates a new array object of bool type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_bool(size, initial_value) → array<bool>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series bool) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'false'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_bool example")
length = 5
a = array.new_bool(length, close > open)
plot(array.get(a, 0) ? close : open)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.new\_box()
The function creates a new array object of box type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_box(size, initial_value) → array<box>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series box) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_box example")
boxes = array.new_box()
array.push(boxes, box.new(time, close, time+2, low, xloc=xloc.bar_time))
plot(1)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)

### array.new\_color()
The function creates a new array object of color type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_color(size, initial_value) → array<color>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series color) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_color example")
length = 5
a = array.new_color(length, color.red)
plot(close, color = array.get(a, 0))

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.new\_float()
The function creates a new array object of float type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_float(size, initial_value) → array<float>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series int/float) Initial value of all array elements. Optional.
The default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_float example")
length = 5
a = array.new_float(length, close)
plot(array.sum(a) / length)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_color)
[array.new\_bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_bool)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.get)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.new\_int()
The function creates a new array object of int type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_int(size, initial_value) → array<int>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series int) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_int example")
length = 5
a = array.new_int(length, int(close))
plot(array.sum(a) / length)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.new\_label()
The function creates a new array object of label type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_label(size, initial_value) → array<label>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series label) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_label example", overlay = true, max_labels_count = 500)

//@variable The number of labels to show on the chart.

int labelCount = input.int(50, "Labels to show", 1, 500)

//@variable An array of `label` objects.

var array<label> labelArray = array.new_label()

//@variable A `chart.point` for the new label.

labelPoint = chart.point.from_index(bar_index, close)
//@variable The text in the new label.
string labelText = na
//@variable The color of the new label.
color labelColor = na
//@variable The style of the new label.
string labelStyle = na

// Set the label attributes for rising bars.

if close > open
labelText := "Rising"
labelColor := color.green
labelStyle := label.style_label_down
// Set the label attributes for falling bars.
else if close < open
labelText := "Falling"
labelColor := color.red
labelStyle := label.style_label_up

// Add a new label to the `labelArray` when the chart bar closed at a new value.
if close != open
labelArray.push(label.new(labelPoint, labelText, color = labelColor, style = la
belStyle))
// Remove the first element and delete its label when the size of the `labelArray`
exceeds the `labelCount`.
if labelArray.size() > labelCount
label.delete(labelArray.shift())

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)

### array.new\_line()
The function creates a new array object of line type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_line(size, initial_value) → array<line>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series line) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_line example")
// draw last 15 lines
var a = array.new_line()
array.push(a, line.new(bar_index - 1, close[1], bar_index, close))
if array.size(a) > 15
ln = array.shift(a)
line.delete(ln)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)

### array.new\_linefill()
The function creates a new array object of linefill type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_linefill(size, initial_value) → array<linefill>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array.initial\_value (series
linefill) Initial value of all array elements.ReturnsThe ID of an array object
which may be used in other array.\*() functions.RemarksAn array index starts from
0.
### array.new\_string()

The function creates a new array object of string type elements.Syntax

```
array.new_string(size, initial_value) → array<string>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series string) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new_string example")
length = 5
a = array.new_string(length, "text")
label.new(bar_index, close, array.get(a, 0))

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)

### array.new\_table()
The function creates a new array object of table type elements.Syntax
```
array.new_table(size, initial_value) → array<table>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (series table) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table array")
tables = array.new_table()
array.push(tables, table.new(position = position.top_left, rows = 1, columns = 2, b
gcolor = color.yellow, border_width=1))
plot(1)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0. See also: [array.new\_float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)
[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)
[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.slice)

### array.new<type>()
The function creates a new array object of <type> elements.Syntax
```
array.new<type>(size, initial_value) → array<type>
```
Argumentssize (series int) Initial size of an array. Optional. The default is
0.initial\_value (<array\_type>) Initial value of all array elements. Optional. The
default is 'na'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new<string> example")
a = array.new<string>(1, "Hello, World!")
label.new(bar_index, close, array.get(a, 0))

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new<color> example")
a = array.new<color>()
array.push(a, color.red)
array.push(a, color.green)
plot(close, color = array.get(a, close > open ? 1 : 0))

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new<float> example")
length = 5
var a = array.new<float>(length, close)
if array.size(a) == length
array.remove(a, 0)
array.push(a, close)
plot(array.sum(a) / length, "SMA")

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.new<line> example")
// draw last 15 lines
var a = array.new<line>()
array.push(a, line.new(bar_index - 1, close[1], bar_index, close))
if array.size(a) > 15
ln = array.shift(a)
line.delete(ln)

```
ReturnsThe ID of an array object which may be used in other array.\*()
functions.RemarksAn array index starts from 0.If you want to initialize an array
and specify all its elements at the same time, then use the function array.from.
See also: [array.from](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.from)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.push)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.get)[array.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.size)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.shift](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.shift)[array.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)

### array.percentile\_linear\_interpolation()
2 overloadsReturns the value for which the specified percentage of array values
(percentile) are less than or equal to it, using linear interpolation.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.percentile_linear_interpolation(id, percentage) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.percentile_linear_interpolation-0)[```
array.percentile_linear_interpolation(id, percentage) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.percentile_linear_interpolation-1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An
array object.percentage (series int/float) The percentage of values that must be
equal or less than the returned value.RemarksIn statistics, the percentile is the
percent of ranking items that appear at or below a certain score. This measurement
shows the percentage of scores within a standard frequency distribution that is
lower than the percentile rank you're measuring. Linear interpolation estimates the
value between two ranks. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.percentile\_nearest\_rank()
2 overloadsReturns the value for which the specified percentage of array values
(percentile) are less than or equal to it, using the nearest-rank method.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.percentile_nearest_rank(id, percentage) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.percentile_nearest_rank-0)[```
array.percentile_nearest_rank(id, percentage) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.percentile_nearest_rank-1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array
object.percentage (series int/float) The percentage of values that must be equal or
less than the returned value.RemarksIn statistics, the percentile is the percent of
ranking items that appear at or below a certain score. This measurement shows the
percentage of scores within a standard frequency distribution that is lower than
the percentile rank you're measuring. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.percentrank()
2 overloadsReturns the percentile rank of the element at the specified
`index`.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.percentrank(id, index) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.percentrank-0)
[```
array.percentrank(id, index) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.percentrank-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.index (series int) The index of
the element for which the percentile rank should be calculated.RemarksPercentile
rank is the percentage of how many elements in the array are less than or equal to
the reference value. See also: [array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)
[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)[order.descending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.descending)

### array.pop()
The function removes the last element from an array and returns its value.Syntax
```
array.pop(id) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.pop example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
removedEl = array.pop(a)
plot(array.size(a))
plot(removedEl)

```
ReturnsThe value of the removed element. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.shift](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.shift)

### array.push()
The function appends a value to an array.Syntax
```
array.push(id, value) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) The value of the element added to the end of the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.push example")
a = array.new_float(5, 0)
array.push(a, open)
plot(array.get(a, 5))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.pop](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.pop)[array.unshift](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.unshift)

### array.range()
2 overloadsThe function returns the difference between the min and max values from
a given array.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.range(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.range-0)[```
array.range(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.range-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.range example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.range(a))

```
ReturnsThe difference between the min and max values in the array. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.min)[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.max)[array.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)

### array.remove()
The function changes the contents of an array by removing the element with the
specified index.Syntax
```
array.remove(id, index) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.index (series int) The index of the
element to remove.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.remove example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
removedEl = array.remove(a, 0)
plot(array.size(a))
plot(removedEl)

```
ReturnsThe value of the removed element.RemarksIf the index is positive, the
function counts forwards from the beginning of the array to the end. The index of
the first element is 0, and the index of the last element is `array.size() - 1`. If
the index is negative, the function counts backwards from the end of the array to
the beginning. In this case, the index of the last element is -1, and the index of
the first element is negative `array.size()`. For example, for an array that
contains three elements, all of the following are valid arguments for the `index`
parameter: 0, 1, 2, -1, -2, -3. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.pop](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.pop)[array.shift](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.shift)

### array.reverse()
The function reverses an array. The first array element becomes the last, and the
last array element becomes the first.Syntax
```
array.reverse(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.reverse example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.get(a, 0))
array.reverse(a)
plot(array.get(a, 0))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.push)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.set)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.avg)

### array.set()
The function sets the value of the element at the specified index.Syntax
```
array.set(id, index, value) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.index (series int) The index of the
element to be modified.value (series <type of the array's elements>) The new value
to be set.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.set example")
a = array.new_float(10)
for i = 0 to 9
array.set(a, i, close[i])
plot(array.sum(a) / 10)

```
RemarksIf the index is positive, the function counts forwards from the beginning of
the array to the end. The index of the first element is 0, and the index of the
last element is `array.size() - 1`. If the index is negative, the function counts
backwards from the end of the array to the beginning. In this case, the index of
the last element is -1, and the index of the first element is negative
`array.size()`. For example, for an array that contains three elements, all of the
following are valid arguments for the `index` parameter: 0, 1, 2, -1, -2, -3. See
also: [array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)

### array.shift()
The function removes an array's first element and returns its value.Syntax
```
array.shift(id) → series <type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.shift example")
a = array.new_float(5,high)
removedEl = array.shift(a)
plot(array.size(a))
plot(removedEl)

```
ReturnsThe value of the removed element. See also:
[array.unshift](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.unshift)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.set)[array.push](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.push)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.includes](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.includes)

### array.size()
The function returns the number of elements in an array.Syntax
```
array.size(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.size example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
// note that changes in slice also modify original array
slice = array.slice(a, 0, 5)
array.push(slice, open)
// size was changed in slice and in original array
plot(array.size(a))
plot(array.size(slice))

```
ReturnsThe number of elements in the array. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.slice()
The function creates a slice from an existing array. If an object from the slice
changes, the changes are applied to both the new and the original arrays.Syntax
```
array.slice(id, index_from, index_to) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.index\_from (series int) Zero-based
index at which to begin extraction.index\_to (series int) Zero-based index before
which to end extraction. The function extracts up to but not including the element
with this index.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.slice example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
// take elements from 0 to 4
// *note that changes in slice also modify original array
slice = array.slice(a, 0, 5)
plot(array.sum(a) / 10)
plot(array.sum(slice) / 5)

```
ReturnsA shallow copy of an array's slice. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.sort)

### array.some()
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
at least one element of the `id` array is [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_true), [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise.Syntax
```
array.some(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (array<bool>) An array object.RemarksThis function also works with
arrays of [int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int) and
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float) types, in
which case zero values are considered [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false), and all others
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true). See also:
[array.every](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.every)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.get)

### array.sort()
The function sorts the elements of an array.Syntax
```
array.sort(id, order) → void
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float/string>) An array object.order (series sort\_order)
The sort order: order.ascending (default) or order.descending.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.sort example")
a = array.new_float(0,0)
for i = 0 to 5
array.push(a, high[i])
array.sort(a, order.descending)
if barstate.islast
label.new(bar_index, close, str.tostring(a))

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.sort\_indices()
Returns an array of indices which, when used to index the original array, will
access its elements in their sorted order. It does not modify the original
array.Syntax
```
array.sort_indices(id, order) → array<int>
```
Argumentsid (array<int/float/string>) An array object.order (series sort\_order)
The sort order: order.ascending or order.descending. Optional. The default is
order.ascending.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.sort_indices")
a = array.from(5, -2, 0, 9, 1)
sortedIndices = array.sort_indices(a) // [1, 2, 4, 0, 3]
indexOfSmallestValue = array.get(sortedIndices, 0) // 1
smallestValue = array.get(a, indexOfSmallestValue) // -2
plot(smallestValue)

```
See also[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.slice](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.slice)[array.reverse](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.reverse)[order.ascending](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_order.ascending)
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending)

### array.standardize()
2 overloadsThe function returns the array of standardized elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.standardize(id) → array<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.standardize-0)
[```
array.standardize(id) → array<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.standardize-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.standardize example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
b = array.standardize(a)
plot(array.min(b))
plot(array.max(b))

```
ReturnsThe array of standardized elements. See also:
[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max)
[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min)
[array.mode](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.mode)
[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.avg)
[array.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.variance)[array.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev)

### array.stdev()
2 overloadsThe function returns the standard deviation of an array's
elements.Syntax & Overloads[```
array.stdev(id, biased) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev-0)[```
array.stdev(id, biased) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.biased (series bool) Determines
which estimate should be used. Optional. The default is true.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.stdev example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.stdev(a))

```
ReturnsThe standard deviation of the array's elements.RemarksIf `biased` is true,
function will calculate using a biased estimate of the entire population, if false
- unbiased estimate of a sample. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.max)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.min)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.avg)

### array.sum()
2 overloadsThe function returns the sum of an array's elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.sum(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sum-0)[```
array.sum(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sum-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.sum example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.sum(a))

```
ReturnsThe sum of the array's elements. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.max)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.min)

### array.unshift()
The function inserts the value at the beginning of the array.Syntax
```
array.unshift(id, value) → void
```
Argumentsid (any array type) An array object.value (series <type of the array's
elements>) The value to add to the start of the array.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.unshift example")
a = array.new_float(5, 0)
array.unshift(a, open)
plot(array.get(a, 0))
```
See also[array.shift](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.shift)[array.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.set)[array.insert](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_array.insert)[array.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.remove)[array.indexof](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.indexof)

### array.variance()
2 overloadsThe function returns the variance of an array's elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
array.variance(id, biased) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.variance-0)
[```
array.variance(id, biased) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.variance-
1)Argumentsid (array<int/float>) An array object.biased (series bool) Determines
which estimate should be used. Optional. The default is true.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array.variance example")
a = array.new_float(0)
for i = 0 to 9
array.push(a, close[i])
plot(array.variance(a))

```
ReturnsThe variance of the array's elements.RemarksIf `biased` is true, function
will calculate using a biased estimate of the entire population, if false -
unbiased estimate of a sample. See also:
[array.new\_float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new_float)[array.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.stdev)[array.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.min)[array.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.avg)[array.covariance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_array.covariance)

### barcolor()
Set color of bars.Syntax
```
barcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display) → void
```
Argumentscolor (series color) Color of bars. You can use constants like 'red' or
'#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'close >= open ? color.green :
color.red'. Required argument.offset (simple int) Shifts the color series to the
left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is 0.editable (const
bool) If true then barcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
true.show\_last (input int) Optional. The number of bars, counting backwards from
the most recent bar, on which the function can draw.title (const string) Title of
the barcolor. Optional argument.display (input plot\_simple\_display) Controls
where the barcolor is displayed. Possible values are:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("barcolor example", overlay=true)
barcolor(close < open ? color.black : color.white)

```
See also[bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_bgcolor)[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
[fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill)

### bgcolor()
Fill background of bars with specified color.Syntax
```
bgcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentscolor (series color) Color of the filled background. You can use constants
like 'red' or '#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'close >= open ?
color.green : color.red'. Required argument.offset (simple int) Shifts the color
series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is
0.editable (const bool) If true then bgcolor style will be editable in Format
dialog. Default is true.show\_last (input int) Optional. The number of bars,
counting backwards from the most recent bar, on which the function can draw.title
(const string) Title of the bgcolor. Optional argument.display (input plot\_simple\
_display) Controls where the bgcolor is displayed. Possible values are:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).force\_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
plotted results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies
a separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("bgcolor example", overlay=true)
bgcolor(close < open ? color.new(color.red,70) : color.new(color.green, 70))

```
See also[barcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_barcolor)[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_plot)[fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill)

### bool()
4 overloadsConverts the `x` value to a [bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_bool) value. Returns
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false) if `x`
is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), or an [int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int)/[float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float) value equal to 0. Returns
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) for all
other possible values.Syntax & Overloads[```
bool(x) → const bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool-0)[```
bool(x) → input bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool-1)[```
bool(x) → simple bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool-2)[```
bool(x) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool-3)Argumentsx
(simple int/float/bool) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to bool. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### box()
Casts na to box.Syntax
```
box(x) → series box
```
Argumentsx (series box) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to box. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### box.copy()
Clones the box object.Syntax
```
box.copy(id) → series box
```
Argumentsid (series box) Box object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator('Last 50 bars price ranges', overlay = true)
LOOKBACK = 50
highest = ta.highest(LOOKBACK)
lowest = ta.lowest(LOOKBACK)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var BoxLast = box.new(bar_index[LOOKBACK], highest, bar_index, lowest, bgcolor
= color.new(color.green, 80))
var BoxPrev = box.copy(BoxLast)
box.set_lefttop(BoxPrev, bar_index[LOOKBACK * 2], highest[50])
box.set_rightbottom(BoxPrev, bar_index[LOOKBACK], lowest[50])
box.set_bgcolor(BoxPrev, color.new(color.red, 80))

```
See also[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.new)[box.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.delete)

### box.delete()
Deletes the specified box object. If it has already been deleted, does
nothing.Syntax
```
box.delete(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object to delete. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
### box.get\_bottom()
Returns the price value of the bottom border of the box.Syntax
```
box.get_bottom(id) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.ReturnsThe price value. See also: [box.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[box.set\
_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_bottom)

### box.get\_left()
Returns the bar index or the UNIX time (depending on the last value used for
'xloc') of the left border of the box.Syntax
```
box.get_left(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.ReturnsA bar index or a UNIX timestamp (in
milliseconds). See also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[box.set\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_left)

### box.get\_right()
Returns the bar index or the UNIX time (depending on the last value used for
'xloc') of the right border of the box.Syntax
```
box.get_right(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.ReturnsA bar index or a UNIX timestamp (in
milliseconds). See also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[box.set\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_right)

### box.get\_top()
Returns the price value of the top border of the box.Syntax
```
box.get_top(id) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.ReturnsThe price value. See also: [box.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[box.set\_top]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_top)

### box.new()
2 overloadsCreates a new box object.Syntax & Overloads[```
box.new(top_left, bottom_right, border_color, border_width, border_style, extend,
xloc, bgcolor, text, text_size, text_color, text_halign, text_valign, text_wrap,
text_font_family, force_overlay, text_formatting) → series box
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new-0)[```
box.new(left, top, right, bottom, border_color, border_width, border_style, extend,
xloc, bgcolor, text, text_size, text_color, text_halign, text_valign, text_wrap,
text_font_family, force_overlay, text_formatting) → series box
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new-
1)Argumentstop\_left (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object that specifies the top-left corner location of the
box.bottom\_right (chart.point) A [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_chart.point) object that specifies the bottom-right
corner location of the box.border\_color (series color) Color of the four borders.
Optional. The default is [color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.blue).border\_width (series int) Width of the four
borders, in pixels. Optional. The default is 1 pixel.border\_style (series string)
Style of the four borders. Possible values:
[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid), [line.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted),
[line.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dashed). Optional. The default value is [line.style\_solid]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid).extend (series string) When
[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none) is used, the horizontal borders start at the left border and
end at the right border. With [extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.left) or
[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.right), the horizontal borders are extended indefinitely to the left
or right of the box, respectively. With
[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.both), the horizontal borders are extended on both sides. Optional.
The default value is [extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.none).xloc (series string) Determines whether the
arguments to 'left' and 'right' are a bar index or a time value. If xloc =
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index), the arguments must be a bar index. If xloc = [xloc.bar\
_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_time),
the arguments must be a UNIX time. Possible values:
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) and [xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_time). Optional. The default is [xloc.bar\
_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index).bgcolor (series color) Background color of the box.
Optional. The default is [color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.blue).text (series string) The text to be displayed
inside the box. Optional. The default is empty string.text\_size (series
int/string) Optional. Size of the box's text. The size can be any positive integer,
or one of the `size.*` built-in constant strings. The constant strings and their
equivalent integer values are: [size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.auto) (0), [size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny) (8),
[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (14),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (20), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (36). The default value is
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
or 0.text\_color (series color) The color of the text. Optional. The default is
[color.black](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_color.black).text\_halign (series string) The horizontal alignment of the
box's text. Optional. The default value is
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center). Possible values:
[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_left), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right).text\_valign (series string) The vertical alignment of the
box's text. Optional. The default value is
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center). Possible values:
[text.align\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_top), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_bottom).text\_wrap (series string) Optional. Whether to wrap
text. Wrapped text starts a new line when it reaches the side of the box. Wrapped
text lower than the bottom of the box is not displayed. Unwrapped text stays on a
single line and *is displayed* past the width of the box if it is too long. If the
`text_size` is 0 or [text.wrap\_auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.wrap_auto), this setting has no effect. The default value
is [text.wrap\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.wrap_none). Possible values:
[text.wrap\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.wrap_none), [text.wrap\_auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.wrap_auto).text\_font\_family (series string) The font
family of the text. Optional. The default value is
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default). Possible values:
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).force\_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).text\_formatting (const text\_format) The
formatting of the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). Optional. The default is
[text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("box.new")
var b = box.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time, border_
style=line.style_dashed)
box.set_lefttop(b, time, 100)
box.set_rightbottom(b, time + 60 * 60 * 24, 500)
box.set_bgcolor(b, color.green)

```
ReturnsThe ID of a box object which may be used in box.set\_\*() and box.get\_\*()
functions. See also: [box.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.delete)[box.get\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.get_left)[box.get\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.get_top)[box.get\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.get_right)[box.get\_bottom]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.get_bottom)[box.set\
_top\_left\_point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_top_left_point)[box.set\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_left)[box.set\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_top)[box.set\_bottom\_right\_point](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_bottom_right_point)
[box.set\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_right)[box.set\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_bottom)[box.set\_border\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_border_color)[box.set\
_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_bgcolor)[box.set\_border\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_border_width)[box.set\_border\_style](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_border_style)[box.set\
_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_extend)
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_formatting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_formatting)

### box.set\_bgcolor()
Sets the background color of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_bgcolor(id, color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.color (series color) New background color.
See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)

### box.set\_border\_color()
Sets the border color of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_border_color(id, color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.color (series color) New border color. See
also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)

### box.set\_border\_style()
Sets the border style of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_border_style(id, style) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.style (series string) New border style. See
also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid)

### box.set\_border\_width()
Sets the border width of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_border_width(id, width) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.width (series int) Width of the four borders,
in pixels. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)

### box.set\_bottom()
Sets the bottom coordinate of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_bottom(id, bottom) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.bottom (series int/float) Price value of the
bottom border. See also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.new)[box.get\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.get_bottom)

### box.set\_bottom\_right\_point()
Sets the bottom-right corner location of the `id` box to `point`.Syntax
```
box.set_bottom_right_point(id, point) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A [box](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_box) object.point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object.
### box.set\_extend()

Sets extending type of the border of this box object. When

[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none) is used, the horizontal borders start at the left border and
end at the right border. With [extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.left) or
[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.right), the horizontal borders are extended indefinitely to the left
or right of the box, respectively. With
[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.both), the horizontal borders are extended on both sides.Syntax
```
box.set_extend(id, extend) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.extend (series string) New extending type.
See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none)

### box.set\_left()
Sets the left coordinate of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_left(id, left) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.left (series int) Bar index or bar time of
the left border. Note that objects positioned using
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future. See
also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.get\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.get_left)

### box.set\_lefttop()
Sets the left and top coordinates of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_lefttop(id, left, top) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.left (series int) Bar index or bar time of
the left border.top (series int/float) Price value of the top border. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.get\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.get_left)[box.get\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.get_top)

### box.set\_right()
Sets the right coordinate of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_right(id, right) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.right (series int) Bar index or bar time of
the right border. Note that objects positioned using
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future. See
also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.get\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.get_right)

### box.set\_rightbottom()
Sets the right and bottom coordinates of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_rightbottom(id, right, bottom) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.right (series int) Bar index or bar time of
the right border.bottom (series int/float) Price value of the bottom border. See
also: [box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.get\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.get_right)[box.get\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.get_bottom)

### box.set\_text()
The function sets the text in the box.Syntax
```
box.set_text(id, text) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text (series string) The text to be displayed
inside the box. See also: [box.set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_color)[box.set\_text\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\
_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_halign)[box.set\_text\_formatting](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_formatting)

### box.set\_text\_color()
The function sets the color of the text inside the box.Syntax
```
box.set_text_color(id, text_color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_color (series color) The color of the
text. See also: [box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\
_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign)

### box.set\_text\_font\_family()
The function sets the font family of the text inside the box.Syntax
```
box.set_text_font_family(id, text_font_family) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_font\_family (series string) The font
family of the text. Possible values:
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Example of setting the box font")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
b = box.new(bar_index, open-ta.tr, bar_index-50, open-ta.tr*5, text="monospace"
)
box.set_text_font_family(b, font.family_monospace)

```
See also[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.new)[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_font.family_default)[font.family\_monospace](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_monospace)

### box.set\_text\_formatting()
Sets the formatting attributes the drawing applies to displayed text.Syntax
```
box.set_text_formatting(id, text_formatting) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_formatting (const text\_format) The
formatting of the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). See also: [box.set\_text\_color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_color)
[box.set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_halign)[box.set\
_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text)

### box.set\_text\_halign()
The function sets the horizontal alignment of the box's text.Syntax
```
box.set_text_halign(id, text_halign) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_halign (series string) The horizontal
alignment of a box's text. Possible values:
[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_left), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right). See also:
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\
_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_color)

### box.set\_text\_size()
The function sets the size of the box's text.Syntax
```
box.set_text_size(id, text_size) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_size (series int/string) Size of the
box's text. The size can be any positive integer, or one of the `size.*` built-in
constant strings. The constant strings and their equivalent integer values are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
(0),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)
(8), [size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (14),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (20), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (36). See also:
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_color)[box.set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\
_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign)

### box.set\_text\_valign()
The function sets the vertical alignment of a box's text.Syntax
```
box.set_text_valign(id, text_valign) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_valign (series string) The vertical
alignment of the box's text. Possible values:
[text.align\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_top), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_bottom). See also:
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_color)[box.set\
_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign)

### box.set\_text\_wrap()
The function sets the mode of wrapping of the text inside the box.Syntax
```
box.set_text_wrap(id, text_wrap) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.text\_wrap (series string) Whether to wrap
text. Wrapped text starts a new line when it reaches the side of the box. Wrapped
text lower than the bottom of the box is not displayed. Unwrapped text stays on a
single line and *is displayed* past the width of the box if it is too long. If the
`text_size` is 0 or [text.wrap\_auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.wrap_auto), this setting has no effect. Possible values:
[text.wrap\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.wrap_none), [text.wrap\_auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.wrap_auto). See also:
[box.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text)[box.set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_size)[box.set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_valign)[box.set\
_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.set_text_halign)[box.set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_box.set_text_color)

### box.set\_top()
Sets the top coordinate of the box.Syntax
```
box.set_top(id, top) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A box object.top (series int/float) Price value of the top
border. See also:
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
[box.get\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_box.get_top)

### box.set\_top\_left\_point()
Sets the top-left corner location of the `id` box to `point`.Syntax
```
box.set_top_left_point(id, point) → void
```
Argumentsid (series box) A [box](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_box) object.point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object.
### chart.point.copy()

Creates a copy of a [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-

reference/v6/#type_chart.point) object with the specified `id`.Syntax
```
chart.point.copy(id) → chart.point
```
Argumentsid (chart.point) A [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_chart.point) object.
### chart.point.from\_index()

Returns a [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object with `index` as its x-coordinate and `price` as its y-
coordinate.Syntax
```
chart.point.from_index(index, price) → chart.point
```
Argumentsindex (series int) The x-coordinate of the point, expressed as a bar index
value.price (series int/float) The y-coordinate of the point.RemarksThe `time`
field values of
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) instances returned from this function will be
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), meaning drawing
objects with `xloc` values set to `xloc.bar_time` will not work with them.
### chart.point.from\_time()

Returns a [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object with `time` as its x-coordinate and `price` as its y-
coordinate.Syntax
```
chart.point.from_time(time, price) → chart.point
```
Argumentstime (series int) The x-coordinate of the point, expressed as a UNIX time
value, in milliseconds.price (series int/float) The y-coordinate of the
point.RemarksThe `index` field values of
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) instances returned from this function will be
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), meaning drawing
objects with `xloc` values set to `xloc.bar_index` will not work with them.
### chart.point.new()
Creates a new [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object with the specified `time`, `index`, and `price`.Syntax
```
chart.point.new(time, index, price) → chart.point
```
Argumentstime (series int) The x-coordinate of the point, expressed as a UNIX time
value, in milliseconds.index (series int) The x-coordinate of the point, expressed
as a bar index value.price (series int/float) The y-coordinate of the
point.RemarksWhether a drawing object uses a point's `time` or `index` field as an
x-coordinate depends on the `xloc` type used in the function call that returned the
drawing.It's important to note that this function does not verify that the `time`
and `index` values refer to the same bar. See also:
[polyline.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_polyline.new)

### chart.point.now()
Returns a [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object with `price` as the y-coordinateSyntax
```
chart.point.now(price) → chart.point
```
Argumentsprice (series int/float) The y-coordinate of the point. Optional. The
default is
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close).RemarksThe
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) instance returned from this function records values for its
`index` and `time` fields on the bar it executed on, making it suitable for use
with drawing objects of any `xloc` type.
### color()

4 overloadsCasts na to colorSyntax & Overloads[```

color(x) → const color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color-0)[```
color(x) → input color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color-1)[```
color(x) → simple color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color-2)[```
color(x) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color-3)Argumentsx
(const color) The value to convert to the specified type, usually
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value
of the argument after casting to color. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### color.b()
4 overloadsRetrieves the value of the color's blue component.Syntax & Overloads[```
color.b(color) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.b-0)[```
color.b(color) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.b-1)[```
color.b(color) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.b-2)[```
color.b(color) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.b-
3)Argumentscolor (const color) Color.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.b", overlay=true)
plot(color.b(color.blue))

```
ReturnsThe value (0 to 255) of the color's blue component.
### color.from\_gradient()

Based on the relative position of value in the bottom\_value to top\_value range,

the function returns a color from the gradient defined by bottom\_color to top\
_color.Syntax
```
color.from_gradient(value, bottom_value, top_value, bottom_color, top_color) →
series color
```
Argumentsvalue (series int/float) Value to calculate the position-dependent
color.bottom\_value (series int/float) Bottom position value corresponding to
bottom\_color.top\_value (series int/float) Top position value corresponding to
top\_color.bottom\_color (series color) Bottom position color.top\_color (series
color) Top position color.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.from_gradient", overlay=true)
color1 = color.from_gradient(close, low, high, color.yellow, color.lime)
color2 = color.from_gradient(ta.rsi(close, 7), 0, 100, color.rgb(255, 0, 0), color.
rgb(0, 255, 0, 50))
plot(close, color=color1)
plot(ta.rsi(close,7), color=color2)

```
ReturnsA color calculated from the linear gradient between bottom\_color to top\
_color.RemarksUsing this function will have an impact on the colors displayed in
the script's "Settings/Style" tab. See the [User
Manual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/colors/#color-
selection-through-script-settings) for more information.
### color.g()

4 overloadsRetrieves the value of the color's green component.Syntax &

Overloads[```
color.g(color) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.g-0)[```
color.g(color) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.g-1)[```
color.g(color) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.g-2)[```
color.g(color) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.g-
3)Argumentscolor (const color) Color.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.g", overlay=true)
plot(color.g(color.green))

```
ReturnsThe value (0 to 255) of the color's green component.
### color.new()
4 overloadsFunction color applies the specified transparency to the given
color.Syntax & Overloads[```
color.new(color, transp) → const color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new-0)[```
color.new(color, transp) → input color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new-1)[```
color.new(color, transp) → simple color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new-2)[```
color.new(color, transp) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new-
3)Argumentscolor (const color) Color to apply transparency to.transp (const
int/float) Possible values are from 0 (not transparent) to 100 (invisible).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.new", overlay=true)
plot(close, color=color.new(color.red, 50))

```
ReturnsColor with specified transparency.RemarksUsing arguments that are not
constants (e.g., 'simple', 'input' or 'series') will have an impact on the colors
displayed in the script's "Settings/Style" tab. See the [User
Manual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/colors/#color-
selection-through-script-settings) for more information.
### color.r()

4 overloadsRetrieves the value of the color's red component.Syntax & Overloads[```

color.r(color) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.r-0)[```
color.r(color) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.r-1)[```
color.r(color) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.r-2)[```
color.r(color) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.r-
3)Argumentscolor (const color) Color.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.r", overlay=true)
plot(color.r(color.red))

```
ReturnsThe value (0 to 255) of the color's red component.
### color.rgb()

4 overloadsCreates a new color with transparency using the RGB color model.Syntax &
Overloads[```
color.rgb(red, green, blue, transp) → const color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.rgb-0)[```
color.rgb(red, green, blue, transp) → input color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.rgb-1)[```
color.rgb(red, green, blue, transp) → simple color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.rgb-2)[```
color.rgb(red, green, blue, transp) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.rgb-
3)Argumentsred (const int/float) Red color component. Possible values are from 0 to
255.green (const int/float) Green color component. Possible values are from 0 to
255.blue (const int/float) Blue color component. Possible values are from 0 to
255.transp (const int/float) Optional. Color transparency. Possible values are from
0 (opaque) to 100 (invisible). Default value is 0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.rgb", overlay=true)
plot(close, color=color.rgb(255, 0, 0, 50))

```
ReturnsColor with specified transparency.RemarksUsing arguments that are not
constants (e.g., 'simple', 'input' or 'series') will have an impact on the colors
displayed in the script's "Settings/Style" tab. See the [User
Manual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/colors/#color-
selection-through-script-settings) for more information.
### color.t()

4 overloadsRetrieves the color's transparency.Syntax & Overloads[```

color.t(color) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.t-0)[```
color.t(color) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.t-1)[```
color.t(color) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.t-2)[```
color.t(color) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.t-
3)Argumentscolor (const color) Color.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color.t", overlay=true)
plot(color.t(color.new(color.red, 50)))

```
ReturnsThe value (0-100) of the color's transparency.
### dayofmonth()

2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```

dayofmonth(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth-0)[```
dayofmonth(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsDay of month (in
exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of
milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Note that this
function returns the day based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight
sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00 UTC-4) this
value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day. See also: [dayofmonth]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofmonth)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### dayofweek()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
dayofweek(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek-0)[```
dayofweek(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsDay of week (in
exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksNote that this function returns
the day based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD,
where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the
day of the trading day.UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_dayofweek)
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### fill()
3 overloadsFills background between two plots or hlines with a given color.Syntax &
Overloads[```
fill(hline1, hline2, color, title, editable, fillgaps, display) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill-0)[```
fill(plot1, plot2, color, title, editable, show_last, fillgaps, display) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill-1)[```
fill(plot1, plot2, top_value, bottom_value, top_color, bottom_color, title,
display, fillgaps, editable) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill-
2)Argumentshline1 (hline) The first hline object. Required argument.hline2 (hline)
The second hline object. Required argument.color (series color) Color of the
background fill. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as
well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'.
Optional argument.title (const string) Title of the created fill object. Optional
argument.editable (const bool) If true then fill style will be editable in Format
dialog. Default is true.fillgaps (const bool) Controls continuing fills on gaps,
i.e., when one of the plot() calls returns an na value. When true, the last fill
will continue on gaps. The default is false.display (input plot\_simple\_display)
Controls where the fill is displayed. Possible values are:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Fill between two horizontal linesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("Fill between hlines", overlay = false)
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color = color.new(color.blue, 90))

```
Fill between two plotsExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("Fill between plots", overlay = true)
p1 = plot(open)
p2 = plot(close)
fill(p1, p2, color = color.new(color.green, 90))

```
Gradient fill between two horizontal linesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("Gradient Fill between hlines", overlay = false)
topVal = input.int(100)
botVal = input.int(0)
topCol = input.color(color.red)
botCol = input.color(color.blue)
topLine = hline(100, color = topCol, linestyle = hline.style_solid)
botLine = hline(0, color = botCol, linestyle = hline.style_solid)
fill(topLine, botLine, topVal, botVal, topCol, botCol)

```
See also[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)
[barcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_barcolor)
[bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bgcolor)[hline]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hline)[color.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new)

### fixnan()
3 overloadsFor a given series replaces NaN values with previous nearest non-NaN
value.Syntax & Overloads[```
fixnan(source) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan-0)[```
fixnan(source) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan-1)[```
fixnan(source) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan-
2)Argumentssource (series color) Source used for the calculation.ReturnsSeries
without na gaps. See also:
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na)[na](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)[nz](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz)

### float()
4 overloadsCasts na to floatSyntax & Overloads[```
float(x) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float-0)[```
float(x) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float-1)[```
float(x) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float-2)[```
float(x) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float-3)Argumentsx
(const int/float) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to float. See also:
[int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### hline()
Renders a horizontal line at a given fixed price level.Syntax
```
hline(price, title, color, linestyle, linewidth, editable, display) → hline
```
Argumentsprice (input int/float) Price value at which the object will be rendered.
Required argument.title (const string) Title of the object.color (input color)
Color of the rendered line. Must be a constant value (not an expression). Optional
argument.linestyle (input hline\_style) Style of the rendered line. Possible values
are: [hline.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_hline.style_solid), [hline.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_hline.style_dotted),
[hline.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_hline.style_dashed). Optional argument.linewidth (input int) Width of the
rendered line. Default value is 1.editable (const bool) If true then hline style
will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.display (input plot\_simple\
_display) Controls where the hline is displayed. Possible values are:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.hline", overlay=true)
hline(3.14, title='Pi', color=color.blue, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=2
)

// You may fill the background between any two hlines with a fill() function:
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))

```
ReturnsAn hline object, that can be used in
[fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill. See also:
[fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill)

### hour()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
hour(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour-0)[```
hour(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour-1)Argumentstime
(series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsHour (in exchange timezone) for
provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[hour](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hour)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### indicator()
This declaration statement designates the script as an indicator and sets a number
of indicator-related properties.Syntax
```
indicator(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, max_bars_back,
timeframe, timeframe_gaps, explicit_plot_zorder, max_lines_count, max_labels_count,
max_boxes_count, calc_bars_count, max_polylines_count, dynamic_requests,
behind_chart) → void
```
Argumentstitle (const string) The title of the script. It is displayed on the chart
when no `shorttitle` argument is used, and becomes the publication's default title
when publishing the script.shorttitle (const string) The script's display name on
charts. If specified, it will replace the `title` argument in most chart-related
windows. Optional. The default is the argument used for `title`.overlay (const
bool) If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true),
the indicator will be displayed over the chart. If
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), it will
be added in a separate pane. Optional. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).format
(const string) Specifies the formatting of the script's displayed values. Possible
values: [format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit), [format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.price),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent). Optional. The default is [format.inherit]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit).precision (const int) Specifies the number of digits after
the floating point of the script's displayed values. Must be a non-negative integer
no greater than 16. If `format` is set to
[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit) and `precision` is specified, the format will instead be set
to [format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price). When the function's `format` parameter uses [format.volume]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_format.volume), the
`precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the decimal precision rules
defined by [format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
inherited from the precision of the chart's symbol.scale (const scale\_type) The
price scale used. Possible values: [scale.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_scale.right),
[scale.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_scale.left), [scale.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_scale.none). The [scale.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_scale.none) value can only be applied in combination
with `overlay = true`. Optional. By default, the script uses the same scale as the
chart.max\_bars\_back (const int) The length of the historical buffer the script
keeps for every variable and function, which determines how many past values can be
referenced using the `[]` history-referencing operator. The required buffer size is
automatically detected by the Pine Script® runtime. Using this parameter is only
necessary when a runtime error occurs because automatic detection fails. More
information on the underlying mechanics of the historical buffer can be found [in
our Help Center](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000587849).
Optional. The default is 0.timeframe (const string) Adds multi-timeframe
functionality to simple scripts. When specified, a "Timeframe" field will be
included in the "Calculation" section of the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. The
field's default value will be the argument supplied, whose format must conform to
[timeframe string
specifications](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/timeframes/
#timeframe-string-specifications). To specify the chart's timeframe, use an empty
string or the [timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period) variable. The parameter cannot be used with
scripts using Pine Script® drawings. Optional. The default is [timeframe.period]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period).timeframe\_gaps (const bool) Specifies how the indicator's
values are displayed on chart bars when the `timeframe` is higher than the chart's.
If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), a
value only appears on a chart bar when the higher `timeframe` value becomes
available, otherwise
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) is returned
(thus a "gap" occurs). With [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), what would otherwise be gaps are filled with the latest
known value returned, avoiding [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na) values. When specified, a "Wait for timeframe closes"
checkbox will be included in the "Calculation" section of the script's
"Settings/Inputs" tab. Optional. The default is
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true).explicit\
_plot\_zorder (const bool) Specifies the order in which the script's plots, fills,
and hlines are rendered. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true), plots are drawn in the order in which they appear in the
script's code, each newer plot being drawn above the previous ones. This only
applies to `plot*()` functions, [fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_fill), and [hline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_hline). Optional. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).max\
_lines\_count (const int) The number of last
[line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line) drawings
displayed. Possible values: 1-500. The count is approximate; more drawings than the
specified count may be displayed. Optional. The default is 50.max\_labels\_count
(const int) The number of last [label](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_label) drawings displayed. Possible values: 1-500. The count is
approximate; more drawings than the specified count may be displayed. Optional. The
default is 50.max\_boxes\_count (const int) The number of last
[box](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box) drawings
displayed. Possible values: 1-500. The count is approximate; more drawings than the
specified count may be displayed. Optional. The default is 50.calc\_bars\_count
(const int) Limits the initial calculation of a script to the last number of bars
specified. When specified, a "Calculated bars" field will be included in the
"Calculation" section of the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. Optional. The default
is 0, in which case the script executes on all available bars.max\_polylines\_count
(const int) The number of last [polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_polyline) drawings displayed. Possible values: 1-100. The count
is approximate; more drawings than the specified count may be displayed. Optional.
The default is 50.dynamic\_requests (const bool) Specifies whether the script can
dynamically call functions from the `request.*()` namespace. Dynamic `request.*()`
calls are allowed within the local scopes of conditional structures (e.g., [if]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_if)), loops (e.g., [for]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_for)), and exported
functions. Additionally, such calls allow "series" arguments for many of their
parameters. Optional. The default is [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_true). See the User Manual's [Dynamic requests]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/other-timeframes-and-data/
#dynamic-requests) section for more information.behind\_chart (const bool) Controls
whether the script's plots and drawings in the main chart pane appear behind the
chart display (if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true)), or in
front of it (if
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)).
Optional. The default is
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("My script", shorttitle="Script")
plot(close)

```
RemarksEvery indicator script must have one
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
call. See also:
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)

### input()
6 overloadsAdds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows
you to provide configuration options to script users. This function automatically
detects the type of the argument used for 'defval' and uses the corresponding input
widget.Syntax & Overloads[```
input(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display) → input color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-0)[```
input(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display) → input string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-1)[```
input(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-2)[```
input(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-3)[```
input(defval, title, inline, group, tooltip, display) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-4)[```
input(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display) → input bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input-
5)Argumentsdefval (const int/float/bool/string/color or source-type built-ins)
Determines the default value of the input variable proposed in the script's
"Settings/Inputs" tab, from where script users can change it. Source-type built-ins
are built-in series float variables that specify the source of the calculation:
`close`, `hlc3`, etc.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the
variable name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is
empty, the name will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will
be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string)
Combines all the input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used
as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to
the same line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same
group argument string. The string is also used as the header's text.display (const
plot\_display) Controls where the script will display the input's information,
aside from within the script's settings. This option allows one to remove a
specific input from the script's status line or the Data Window to ensure only the
most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values: [display.none]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default depends on the type of the
value passed to `defval`: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.none) for [bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_bool) and [color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_color) values,
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all) for everything else.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input", overlay=true)
i_switch = input(true, "On/Off")
plot(i_switch ? open : na)

i_len = input(7, "Length")

i_src = input(close, "Source")
plot(ta.sma(i_src, i_len))

i_border = input(142.50, "Price Border")

hline(i_border)
bgcolor(close > i_border ? color.green : color.red)

i_col = input(color.red, "Plot Color")

plot(close, color=i_col)

i_text = input("Hello!", "Message")

l = label.new(bar_index, high, text=i_text)
label.delete(l[1])

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input) function
always should be assigned to a variable, see examples above. See also: [input.bool]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.color)[input.int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float)
[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.string)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.text\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.time)

### input.bool()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a checkmark to
the script's inputs.Syntax
```
input.bool(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input bool
```
Argumentsdefval (const bool) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change
it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is
used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name
will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the
user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the
input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument is
not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group
(const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group argument
string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true,
then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is added to chart.
Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will
display the input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This
option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the
Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible
values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.bool", overlay=true)
i_switch = input.bool(true, "On/Off")
plot(i_switch ? open : na)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples above. See also:
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.color()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a color picker
that allows the user to select a color and transparency, either from a palette or a
hex value.Syntax
```
input.color(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input color
```
Argumentsdefval (const color) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change
it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is
used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name
will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the
user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the
input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument is
not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group
(const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group argument
string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true,
then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is added to chart.
Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will
display the input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This
option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the
Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible
values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.color", overlay=true)
i_col = input.color(color.red, "Plot Color")
plot(close, color=i_col)
```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.color) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input)

### input.enum()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a dropdown with
options based on the
[enum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_enum) fields passed
to its `defval` and `options` parameters.The text for each option in the resulting
dropdown corresponds to the titles of the included fields. If a field's title is
not specified in the enum declaration, its title is the string representation of
its name.Syntax
```
input.enum(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) →
input enum
```
Argumentsdefval (const enum) Determines the default value of the input, which users
can change in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. When the `options` parameter has
a specified tuple of enum fields, the tuple must include the `defval`.title (const
string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is used as the
input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name will be an
empty string.options (tuple of enum fields: [enumName.field1,
enumName.field2, ...]) A list of options to choose from. Optional. By default, the
titles of all of the enum's fields are available in the dropdown. Passing a tuple
as the `options` argument limits the list to only the included fields.tooltip
(const string) The string that will be shown to the user when hovering over the
tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the input calls using the same
argument in one line. The string used as an argument is not displayed. It is only
used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group (const string) Creates a
header above all inputs using the same group argument string. The string is also
used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If `true`, then user will be asked
to confirm input value before indicator is added to chart. Default value is
`false`.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will display the
input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This option allows
one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the Data Window to
ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Session highlight", overlay = true)

//@enum Contains fields with popular timezones as titles.

//@field exch Has an empty string as the title to represent the chart timezone.
enum tz
utc = "UTC"
exch = ""
ny = "America/New_York"
chi = "America/Chicago"
lon = "Europe/London"
tok = "Asia/Tokyo"

//@variable The session string.

selectedSession = input.session("1200-1500", "Session")
//@variable The selected timezone. The input's dropdown contains the fields in the
`tz` enum.
selectedTimezone = input.enum(tz.utc, "Session Timezone")

//@variable Is `true` if the current bar's time is in the specified session.

bool inSession = false
if not na(time("", selectedSession, str.tostring(selectedTimezone)))
inSession := true

// Highlight the background when `inSession` is `true`.

bgcolor(inSession ? color.new(color.green, 90) : na, title = "Active session highli
ght")

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksAll fields included in the `defval` and
`options` arguments must belong to the same enum. See also: [input.text\_area]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.float()
2 overloadsAdds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows
you to provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a field
for a float input to the script's inputs.Syntax & Overloads[```
input.float(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) →
input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float-0)[```
input.float(defval, title, minval, maxval, step, tooltip, inline, group, confirm,
display) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float-
1)Argumentsdefval (const int/float) Determines the default value of the input
variable proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where script users
can change it. When a list of values is used with the `options` parameter, the
value must be one of them.title (const string) Title of the input. If not
specified, the variable name is used as the input's title. If the title is
specified, but it is empty, the name will be an empty string.options (tuple of
const int/float values: [val1, val2, ...]) A list of options to choose from a
dropdown menu, separated by commas and enclosed in square brackets: [val1,
val2, ...]. When using this parameter, the `minval`, `maxval` and `step` parameters
cannot be used.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the user
when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the input
calls using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument is not
displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group
(const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group argument
string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true,
then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is added to chart.
Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will
display the input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This
option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the
Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible
values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.float", overlay=true)
i_angle1 = input.float(0.5, "Sin Angle", minval=-3.14, maxval=3.14, step=0.02)
plot(math.sin(i_angle1) > 0 ? close : open, "sin", color=color.green)

i_angle2 = input.float(0, "Cos Angle", options=[-3.14, -1.57, 0, 1.57, 3.14])

plot(math.cos(i_angle2) > 0 ? close : open, "cos", color=color.red)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.int()
2 overloadsAdds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows
you to provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a field
for an integer input to the script's inputs.Syntax & Overloads[```
input.int(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input
int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int-0)[```
input.int(defval, title, minval, maxval, step, tooltip, inline, group, confirm,
display) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int-
1)Argumentsdefval (const int) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where script users can change
it. When a list of values is used with the `options` parameter, the value must be
one of them.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable
name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the
name will be an empty string.options (tuple of const int values: [val1, val2, ...])
A list of options to choose from a dropdown menu, separated by commas and enclosed
in square brackets: [val1, val2, ...]. When using this parameter, the `minval`,
`maxval` and `step` parameters cannot be used.tooltip (const string) The string
that will be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const
string) Combines all the input calls using the same argument in one line. The
string used as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs
belonging to the same line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs
using the same group argument string. The string is also used as the header's
text.confirm (const bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm input value
before indicator is added to chart. Default value is false.display (const plot\
_display) Controls where the script will display the input's information, aside
from within the script's settings. This option allows one to remove a specific
input from the script's status line or the Data Window to ensure only the most
necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.int", overlay=true)
i_len1 = input.int(10, "Length 1", minval=5, maxval=21, step=1)
plot(ta.sma(close, i_len1))

i_len2 = input.int(10, "Length 2", options=[5, 10, 21])

plot(ta.sma(close, i_len2))

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input)
### input.price()
Adds a price input to the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. Using `confirm = true`
activates the interactive input mode where a price is selected by clicking on the
chart.Syntax
```
input.price(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input float
```
Argumentsdefval (const int/float) Determines the default value of the input
variable proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can
change it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable
name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the
name will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown
to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all
the input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument
is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same
line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group
argument string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool)
If true, the interactive input mode is enabled and the selection is done by
clicking on the chart when the indicator is added to the chart, or by selecting the
indicator and moving the selection after that. Optional. The default is
false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will display the
input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This option allows
one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the Data Window to
ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.price", overlay=true)
price1 = input.price(title="Date", defval=42)
plot(price1)

price2 = input.price(54, title="Date")

plot(price2)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksWhen using interactive mode, a time input can
be combined with a price input if both function calls use the same argument for
their `inline` parameter. See also: [input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)
[input.resolution](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.resolution)[input.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.session)[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.color)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input)
### input.session()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds two dropdowns
that allow the user to specify the beginning and the end of a session using the
session selector and returns the result as a string.Syntax
```
input.session(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) →
input string
```
Argumentsdefval (const string) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change it.
When a list of values is used with the `options` parameter, the value must be one
of them.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable
name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the
name will be an empty string.options (tuple of const string values: [val1,
val2, ...]) A list of options to choose from.tooltip (const string) The string that
will be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string)
Combines all the input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used
as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to
the same line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same
group argument string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const
bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is
added to chart. Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where
the script will display the input's information, aside from within the script's
settings. This option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's
status line or the Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are
displayed there. Possible values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.session", overlay=true)
i_sess = input.session("1300-1700", "Session", options=["0930-1600", "1300-1700", "
1700-2100"])
t = time(timeframe.period, i_sess)
bgcolor(time == t ? color.green : na)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.session) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.source]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.source)
[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input)

### input.source()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a dropdown that
allows the user to select a source for the calculation, e.g.
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close), [hl2]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_hl2), etc. The user can
also select an output from another indicator on their chart as the source.Syntax
```
input.source(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, display, confirm) → series
float
```
Argumentsdefval (open/high/low/close/hl2/hlc3/ohlc4/hlcc4) Determines the default
value of the input variable proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from
where the user can change it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not
specified, the variable name is used as the input's title. If the title is
specified, but it is empty, the name will be an empty string.tooltip (const string)
The string that will be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip
icon.inline (const string) Combines all the input calls using the same argument in
one line. The string used as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to
identify inputs belonging to the same line.group (const string) Creates a header
above all inputs using the same group argument string. The string is also used as
the header's text.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will
display the input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This
option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the
Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible
values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).confirm (const bool) If true, then user will be asked to
confirm input value before indicator is added to chart. Default value is
false.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.source", overlay=true)
i_src = input.source(close, "Source")
plot(i_src)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input)

### input.string()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a field for a
string input to the script's inputs.Syntax
```
input.string(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) →
input string
```
Argumentsdefval (const string) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change it.
When a list of values is used with the `options` parameter, the value must be one
of them.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable
name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the
name will be an empty string.options (tuple of const string values: [val1,
val2, ...]) A list of options to choose from.tooltip (const string) The string that
will be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string)
Combines all the input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used
as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to
the same line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same
group argument string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const
bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is
added to chart. Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where
the script will display the input's information, aside from within the script's
settings. This option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's
status line or the Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are
displayed there. Possible values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.string", overlay=true)
i_text = input.string("Hello!", "Message")
l = label.new(bar_index, high, i_text)
label.delete(l[1])

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.string) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also: [input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.symbol()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a field that
allows the user to select a specific symbol using the symbol search and returns
that symbol, paired with its exchange prefix, as a string.Syntax
```
input.symbol(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input
string
```
Argumentsdefval (const string) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change
it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is
used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name
will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the
user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the
input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument is
not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group
(const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group argument
string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true,
then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is added to chart.
Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where the script will
display the input's information, aside from within the script's settings. This
option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's status line or the
Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible
values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.symbol", overlay=true)
i_sym = input.symbol("DELL", "Symbol")
s = request.security(i_sym, 'D', close)
plot(s)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.symbol) function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples
above. See also:
[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)
[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)
[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)[input.source]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.source)
[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input)

### input.text\_area()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a field for a
multiline text input.Syntax
```
input.text_area(defval, title, tooltip, group, confirm, display) → input string
```
Argumentsdefval (const string) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change
it.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is
used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name
will be an empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the
user when hovering over the tooltip icon.group (const string) Creates a header
above all inputs using the same group argument string. The string is also used as
the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm
input value before indicator is added to chart. Default value is false.display
(const plot\_display) Controls where the script will display the input's
information, aside from within the script's settings. This option allows one to
remove a specific input from the script's status line or the Data Window to ensure
only the most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values: [display.none]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.text_area")
i_text = input.text_area(defval = "Hello \nWorld!", title = "Message")
plot(close)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.text\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.text_area) function always should be assigned to a variable, see
examples above. See also: [input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.string)[input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float)[input.symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)[input.timeframe](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.session)
[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.time()
Adds a time input to the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. This function adds two
input widgets on the same line: one for the date and one for the time. The function
returns a date/time value in UNIX format. Using `confirm = true` activates the
interactive input mode where a point in time is selected by clicking on the
chart.Syntax
```
input.time(defval, title, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) → input int
```
Argumentsdefval (const int) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change it.
The value can be a
[timestamp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp)
function, but only if it uses a date argument in const string format.title (const
string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable name is used as the
input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the name will be an
empty string.tooltip (const string) The string that will be shown to the user when
hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string) Combines all the input calls
using the same argument in one line. The string used as an argument is not
displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to the same line.group
(const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same group argument
string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const bool) If true,
the interactive input mode is enabled and the selection is done by clicking on the
chart when the indicator is added to the chart, or by selecting the indicator and
moving the selection after that. Optional. The default is false.display (const
plot\_display) Controls where the script will display the input's information,
aside from within the script's settings. This option allows one to remove a
specific input from the script's status line or the Data Window to ensure only the
most necessary inputs are displayed there. Possible values: [display.none]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.time", overlay=true)
i_date = input.time(timestamp("20 Jul 2021 00:00 +0300"), "Date")
l = label.new(i_date, high, "Date", xloc=xloc.bar_time)
label.delete(l[1])

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksWhen using interactive mode, a price input
can be combined with a time input if both function calls use the same argument for
their `inline` parameter. See also: [input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)
[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.timeframe)[input.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.session)[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.color)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input)

### input.timeframe()
Adds an input to the Inputs tab of your script's Settings, which allows you to
provide configuration options to script users. This function adds a dropdown that
allows the user to select a specific timeframe via the timeframe selector and
returns it as a string. The selector includes the custom timeframes a user may have
added using the chart's Timeframe dropdown.Syntax
```
input.timeframe(defval, title, options, tooltip, inline, group, confirm, display) →
input string
```
Argumentsdefval (const string) Determines the default value of the input variable
proposed in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab, from where the user can change it.
When a list of values is used with the `options` parameter, the value must be one
of them.title (const string) Title of the input. If not specified, the variable
name is used as the input's title. If the title is specified, but it is empty, the
name will be an empty string.options (tuple of const string values: [val1,
val2, ...]) A list of options to choose from.tooltip (const string) The string that
will be shown to the user when hovering over the tooltip icon.inline (const string)
Combines all the input calls using the same argument in one line. The string used
as an argument is not displayed. It is only used to identify inputs belonging to
the same line.group (const string) Creates a header above all inputs using the same
group argument string. The string is also used as the header's text.confirm (const
bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is
added to chart. Default value is false.display (const plot\_display) Controls where
the script will display the input's information, aside from within the script's
settings. This option allows one to remove a specific input from the script's
status line or the Data Window to ensure only the most necessary inputs are
displayed there. Possible values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.none),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("input.timeframe", overlay=true)
i_res = input.timeframe('D', "Resolution", options=['D', 'W', 'M'])
s = request.security("AAPL", i_res, close)
plot(s)

```
ReturnsValue of input variable.RemarksResult of
[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.timeframe) function always should be assigned to a variable, see
examples above. See also: [input.bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.bool)[input.int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.int)[input.float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.float)[input.string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.string)[input.text\_area](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.text_area)[input.symbol]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.symbol)
[input.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.session)[input.source](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_input.source)[input.color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.color)[input.time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input.time)[input](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_input)
### int()
4 overloadsCasts na or truncates float value to intSyntax & Overloads[```
int(x) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int-0)[```
int(x) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int-1)[```
int(x) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int-2)[```
int(x) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int-3)Argumentsx
(const int/float) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to int. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[bool]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### label()
Casts na to labelSyntax
```
label(x) → series label
```
Argumentsx (series label) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to label. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)

### label.copy()
Clones the label object.Syntax
```
label.copy(id) → series label
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator('Last 100 bars highest/lowest', overlay = true)
LOOKBACK = 100
highest = ta.highest(LOOKBACK)
highestBars = ta.highestbars(LOOKBACK)
lowest = ta.lowest(LOOKBACK)
lowestBars = ta.lowestbars(LOOKBACK)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var labelHigh = label.new(bar_index + highestBars, highest, str.tostring(highes
t), color = color.green)
var labelLow = label.copy(labelHigh)
label.set_xy(labelLow, bar_index + lowestBars, lowest)
label.set_text(labelLow, str.tostring(lowest))
label.set_color(labelLow, color.red)
label.set_style(labelLow, label.style_label_up)

```
ReturnsNew label ID object which may be passed to label.setXXX and label.getXXX
functions. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.delete)

### label.delete()
Deletes the specified label object. If it has already been deleted, does
nothing.Syntax
```
label.delete(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object to delete. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.get\_text()
Returns the text of this label object.Syntax
```
label.get_text(id) → series string
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("label.get_text")
my_label = label.new(time, open, text="Open bar text", xloc=xloc.bar_time)
a = label.get_text(my_label)
label.new(time, close, text = a + " new", xloc=xloc.bar_time)

```
ReturnsString object containing the text of this label. See also: [label.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.get\_x()
Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of this
label's position.Syntax
```
label.get_x(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("label.get_x")
my_label = label.new(time, open, text="Open bar text", xloc=xloc.bar_time)
a = label.get_x(my_label)
plot(time - label.get_x(my_label)) //draws zero plot

```
ReturnsUNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index. See also: [label.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.get\_y()
Returns price of this label's position.Syntax
```
label.get_y(id) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.ReturnsFloating point value representing
price. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.new()
2 overloadsCreates new label object.Syntax & Overloads[```
label.new(point, text, xloc, yloc, color, style, textcolor, size, textalign,
tooltip, text_font_family, force_overlay, text_formatting) → series label
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new-0)[```
label.new(x, y, text, xloc, yloc, color, style, textcolor, size, textalign,
tooltip, text_font_family, force_overlay, text_formatting) → series label
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new-
1)Argumentspoint (chart.point) A [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_chart.point) object that specifies the label's
location.text (series string) Label text. Default is empty string.xloc (series
string) See description of **x** argument. Possible values: [xloc.bar\_index]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index) and
[xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_time). Default is
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index).yloc (series string) Possible values are [yloc.price]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.price),
[yloc.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_yloc.abovebar), [yloc.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_yloc.belowbar). If
yloc=[yloc.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_yloc.price), **y** argument specifies the price of the label position. If
yloc=[yloc.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_yloc.abovebar), label is located above bar. If yloc=[yloc.belowbar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.belowbar), label
is located below bar. Default is [yloc.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.price).color (series color) Color of the label
border and arrowstyle (series string) Label style. Possible values: [label.style\
_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_none), [label.style\_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_xcross),
[label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_cross),
[label.style\_triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangleup),
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown),
[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_flag), [label.style\_circle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle),
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup),
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown),
[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_up),
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down),
[label.style\_label\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_left),
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right),
[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left), [label.style\_label\_lower\
_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_lower_right),
[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left), [label.style\_label\_upper\
_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_right),
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center),
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square),
[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_diamond),
[label.style\_text\_outline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_text_outline). Default is
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down).textcolor (series color) Text color.size (series
int/string) Optional. Size of the label. Accepts a positive
[int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int) value or one
of the built-in `size.*` constants. The constants and their equivalent numeric
sizes are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
(0),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)
(~7), [size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (~10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (12),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (18), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (24). The default value is
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal), which represents the numeric size of 12.textalign (series
string) Label text alignment. Possible values:
[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_left), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right). Default value is
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center).tooltip (series string) Hover to see tooltip label.text\
_font\_family (series string) The font family of the text. Optional. The default
value is [font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_font.family_default). Possible values:
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).force\_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).text\_formatting (const text\_format) The
formatting of the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). Optional. The default is
[text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_none).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("label.new")
var label1 = label.new(bar_index, low, text="Hello, world!", style=label.style_circ
le)
label.set_x(label1, 0)
label.set_xloc(label1, time, xloc.bar_time)
label.set_color(label1, color.red)
label.set_size(label1, size.large)

```
ReturnsLabel ID object which may be passed to label.setXXX and label.getXXX
functions. See also: [label.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.delete)[label.set\_x](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_x)[label.set\_y](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_y)[label.set\_xy](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_xy)[label.set\_xloc]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_xloc)
[label.set\_yloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_yloc)[label.set\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.set_color)[label.set\_textcolor](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textcolor)[label.set\
_style](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_style)
[label.set\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.set_size)[label.set\_textalign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.set_textalign)[label.set\_tooltip](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_tooltip)[label.set\
_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_text)
[label.set\_text\_formatting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_label.set_text_formatting)

### label.set\_color()
Sets label border and arrow color.Syntax
```
label.set_color(id, color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.color (series color) New label border and
arrow color. See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_point()
Sets the location of the `id` label to `point`.Syntax
```
label.set_point(id, point) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) A [label](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_label) object.point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object.
### label.set\_size()

Sets arrow and text size of the specified label object.Syntax

```
label.set_size(id, size) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.size (series int/string) Size of the label.
Accepts a positive
[int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int) value or one
of the built-in `size.*` constants. The constants and their equivalent numeric
sizes are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
(0),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)
(~7), [size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (~10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (12),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (18), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (24). The default value is
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal), which represents the numeric size of 12. See also: [size.auto]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)[size.tiny]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)[size.small]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.small)
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal)[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_size.large)[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_style()
Sets label style.Syntax
```
label.set_style(id, style) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.style (series string) New label style.
Possible values: [label.style\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_none),
[label.style\_xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_xcross), [label.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_cross),
[label.style\_triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangleup),
[label.style\_triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_triangledown),
[label.style\_flag](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_flag), [label.style\_circle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_label.style_circle),
[label.style\_arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowup),
[label.style\_arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_arrowdown),
[label.style\_label\_up](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_up),
[label.style\_label\_down](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_down),
[label.style\_label\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_left),
[label.style\_label\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_right),
[label.style\_label\_lower\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_lower_left), [label.style\_label\_lower\
_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_lower_right),
[label.style\_label\_upper\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_label.style_label_upper_left), [label.style\_label\_upper\
_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_upper_right),
[label.style\_label\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_label_center),
[label.style\_square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_square),
[label.style\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_diamond),
[label.style\_text\_outline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_label.style_text_outline). See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_text()
Sets label textSyntax
```
label.set_text(id, text) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.text (series string) New label text. See
also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
[label.set\_text\_formatting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_label.set_text_formatting)

### label.set\_text\_font\_family()
The function sets the font family of the text inside the label.Syntax
```
label.set_text_font_family(id, text_font_family) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) A label object.text\_font\_family (series string) The
font family of the text. Possible values:
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Example of setting the label font")
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
l = label.new(bar_index, 0, "monospace", yloc=yloc.abovebar)
label.set_text_font_family(l, font.family_monospace)

```
See also[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_label.new)[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_font.family_default)[font.family\_monospace](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_monospace)

### label.set\_text\_formatting()
Sets the formatting attributes the drawing applies to displayed text.Syntax
```
label.set_text_formatting(id, text_formatting) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.text\_formatting (const text\_format) The
formatting of the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). Optional. The default is
[text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_none). See also: [label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)[label.set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.set_text)

### label.set\_textalign()
Sets the alignment for the label text.Syntax
```
label.set_textalign(id, textalign) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.textalign (series string) Label text
alignment. Possible values: [text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_left),
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center), [text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_right). See also: [text.align\_left]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_left)
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center)[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_right)[label.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_textcolor()
Sets color of the label text.Syntax
```
label.set_textcolor(id, textcolor) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.textcolor (series color) New text color.
See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_tooltip()
Sets the tooltip text.Syntax
```
label.set_tooltip(id, tooltip) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.tooltip (series string) Tooltip text. See
also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_x()
Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the label position.Syntax
```
label.set_x(id, x) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.x (series int) New bar index or bar time of
the label position. Note that objects positioned using
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future. See
also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_xloc()
Sets x-location and new bar index/time value.Syntax
```
label.set_xloc(id, x, xloc) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.x (series int) New bar index or bar time of
the label position.xloc (series string) New x-location value. See also: [xloc.bar\
_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index)
[xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_time)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_xy()
Sets bar index/time and price of the label position.Syntax
```
label.set_xy(id, x, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.x (series int) New bar index or bar time of
the label position. Note that objects positioned using
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.y
(series int/float) New price of the label position. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_y()
Sets price of the label positionSyntax
```
label.set_y(id, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.y (series int/float) New price of the label
position. See also:
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### label.set\_yloc()
Sets new y-location calculation algorithm.Syntax
```
label.set_yloc(id, yloc) → void
```
Argumentsid (series label) Label object.yloc (series string) New y-location value.
See also: [yloc.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_yloc.price)[yloc.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_yloc.abovebar)[yloc.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_yloc.belowbar)[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### library()
Declaration statement identifying a script as a
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/libraries/).Syntax
```
library(title, overlay, dynamic_requests) → void
```
Argumentstitle (const string) The title of the library and its identifier. It
cannot contain spaces, special characters or begin with a digit. It is used as the
publication's default title, and to uniquely identify the library in the [import]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_import) statement, when
another script uses it. It is also used as the script's name on the chart.overlay
(const bool) If true, the library will be added over the chart. If false, it will
be added in a separate pane. Optional. The default is false.dynamic\_requests
(const bool) Specifies whether the script can dynamically call functions from the
`request.*()` namespace. Dynamic `request.*()` calls are allowed within the local
scopes of conditional structures (e.g., [if](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#kw_if)), loops (e.g., [for](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#kw_for)), and exported functions. Additionally, such calls
allow "series" arguments for many of their parameters. Optional. The default is
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true). See the
User Manual's [Dynamic
requests](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/other-timeframes-
and-data/#dynamic-requests) section for more information.Example
```
//@version=6
// @description Math library
library("num_methods", overlay = true)
// Calculate "sinh()" from the float parameter `x`
export sinh(float x) =>
(math.exp(x) - math.exp(-x)) / 2.0
plot(sinh(0))

```
See also[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_indicator)[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)

### line()
Casts na to lineSyntax
```
line(x) → series line
```
Argumentsx (series line) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to line. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### line.copy()
Clones the line object.Syntax
```
line.copy(id) → series line
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator('Last 100 bars price range', overlay = true)
LOOKBACK = 100
highest = ta.highest(LOOKBACK)
lowest = ta.lowest(LOOKBACK)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var lineTop = line.new(bar_index[LOOKBACK], highest, bar_index, highest, color
= color.green)
var lineBottom = line.copy(lineTop)
line.set_y1(lineBottom, lowest)
line.set_y2(lineBottom, lowest)
line.set_color(lineBottom, color.red)

```
ReturnsNew line ID object which may be passed to line.setXXX and line.getXXX
functions. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
[line.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.delete)

### line.delete()
Deletes the specified line object. If it has already been deleted, does
nothing.Syntax
```
line.delete(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object to delete. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.get\_price()
Returns the price level of a line at a given bar index.Syntax
```
line.get_price(id, x) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x (series int) Bar index for which price is
required.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("GetPrice", overlay=true)
var line l = na
if bar_index == 10
l := line.new(0, high[5], bar_index, high)
plot(line.get_price(l, bar_index), color=color.green)

```
ReturnsPrice value of line 'id' at bar index 'x'.RemarksThe line is considered to
have been created using 'extend=extend.both'.This function can only be called for
lines created using 'xloc.bar\_index'. If you try to call it for a line created
with 'xloc.bar\_time', it will generate an error. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.get\_x1()
Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the first
point of the line.Syntax
```
line.get_x1(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("line.get_x1")
my_line = line.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time)
a = line.get_x1(my_line)
plot(time - line.get_x1(my_line)) //draws zero plot

```
ReturnsUNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index. See also: [line.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.get\_x2()
Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the second
point of the line.Syntax
```
line.get_x2(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.ReturnsUNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or
bar index. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.get\_y1()
Returns price of the first point of the line.Syntax
```
line.get_y1(id) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.ReturnsPrice value. See also: [line.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
### line.get\_y2()
Returns price of the second point of the line.Syntax
```
line.get_y2(id) → series float
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.ReturnsPrice value. See also: [line.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.new()
2 overloadsCreates new line object.Syntax & Overloads[```
line.new(first_point, second_point, xloc, extend, color, style, width,
force_overlay) → series line
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new-0)[```
line.new(x1, y1, x2, y2, xloc, extend, color, style, width, force_overlay) → series
line
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new-
1)Argumentsfirst\_point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object that specifies the line's starting coordinate.second\
_point (chart.point) A [chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_chart.point) object that specifies the line's ending
coordinate.xloc (series string) See description of **x1** argument. Possible
values: [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index) and [xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_time). Default is
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index).extend (series string) If
extend=[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none), draws segment starting at point (x1, y1) and ending at point
(x2, y2). If extend is equal to [extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.right) or
[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.left), draws a ray starting at point (x1, y1) or (x2, y2),
respectively. If extend=[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.both), draws a straight line that goes through these
points. Default value is [extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.none).color (series color) Line color.style (series
string) Line style. Possible values:
[line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid), [line.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted),
[line.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dashed),
[line.style\_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left),
[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_right),
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both).width (series int) Line width in pixels.force\
_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("line.new")
var line1 = line.new(0, low, bar_index, high, extend=extend.right)
var line2 = line.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time, st
yle=line.style_dashed)
line.set_x2(line1, 0)
line.set_xloc(line1, time, time + 60 * 60 * 24, xloc.bar_time)
line.set_color(line2, color.green)
line.set_width(line2, 5)

```
ReturnsLine ID object which may be passed to line.setXXX and line.getXXX functions.
See also: [line.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.delete)[line.set\_x1](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_line.set_x1)[line.set\_y1](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.set_y1)[line.set\_xy1](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_xy1)[line.set\_x2](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_x2)[line.set\_y2](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_y2)[line.set\_xy2]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_xy2)[line.set\
_xloc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_xloc)
[line.set\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_color)[line.set\_extend](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.set_extend)[line.set\_style](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_style)[line.set\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.set_width)

### line.set\_color()
Sets the line colorSyntax
```
line.set_color(id, color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.color (series color) New line colo. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_extend()
Sets extending type of this line object. If
extend=[extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none), draws segment starting at point (x1, y1) and ending at point
(x2, y2). If extend is equal to [extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.right) or
[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.left), draws a ray starting at point (x1, y1) or (x2, y2),
respectively. If extend=[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.both), draws a straight line that goes through these
points.Syntax
```
line.set_extend(id, extend) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.extend (series string) New extending type.
See also: [extend.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.none)[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_extend.right)[extend.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_extend.left)[extend.both](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_extend.both)[line.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_first\_point()
Sets the first point of the `id` line to `point`.Syntax
```
line.set_first_point(id, point) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) A [line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_line) object.point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object.
### line.set\_second\_point()

Sets the second point of the `id` line to `point`.Syntax

```
line.set_second_point(id, point) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) A [line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_line) object.point (chart.point) A
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) object.
### line.set\_style()

Sets the line styleSyntax

```
line.set_style(id, style) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.style (series string) New line style. See
also: [line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid)[line.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dotted)[line.style\_dashed](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dashed)[line.style\
_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left)[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_arrow_right)
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both)[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_width()
Sets the line width.Syntax
```
line.set_width(id, width) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.width (series int) New line width in pixels.
See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_x1()
Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the first point.Syntax
```
line.set_x1(id, x) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note
that objects positioned using [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars
into the future. See also: [line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_x2()
Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the second point.Syntax
```
line.set_x2(id, x) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note
that objects positioned using [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars
into the future. See also: [line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_xloc()
Sets x-location and new bar index/time values.Syntax
```
line.set_xloc(id, x1, x2, xloc) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x1 (series int) Bar index or bar time of the
first point.x2 (series int) Bar index or bar time of the second point.xloc (series
string) New x-location value. See also:
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index)[xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_time)[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_xy1()
Sets bar index/time and price of the first point.Syntax
```
line.set_xy1(id, x, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note
that objects positioned using [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index) cannot be drawn further than 500 bars
into the future.y (series int/float) Price. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_xy2()
Sets bar index/time and price of the second pointSyntax
```
line.set_xy2(id, x, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.x (series int) Bar index or bar time.y
(series int/float) Price. See also: [line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_y1()
Sets price of the first pointSyntax
```
line.set_y1(id, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.y (series int/float) Price. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### line.set\_y2()
Sets price of the second point.Syntax
```
line.set_y2(id, y) → void
```
Argumentsid (series line) Line object.y (series int/float) Price. See also:
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)

### linefill()
Casts na to linefill.Syntax
```
linefill(x) → series linefill
```
Argumentsx (series linefill) The value to convert to the specified type, usually
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value
of the argument after casting to linefill. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### linefill.delete()
Deletes the specified linefill object. If it has already been deleted, does
nothing.Syntax
```
linefill.delete(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series linefill) A linefill object.
### linefill.get\_line1()

Returns the ID of the first line used in the `id` linefill.Syntax

```
linefill.get_line1(id) → series line
```
Argumentsid (series linefill) A linefill object.
### linefill.get\_line2()

Returns the ID of the second line used in the `id` linefill.Syntax

```
linefill.get_line2(id) → series line
```
Argumentsid (series linefill) A linefill object.
### linefill.new()

Creates a new linefill object and displays it on the chart, filling the space
between `line1` and `line2` with the color specified in `color`.Syntax
```
linefill.new(line1, line2, color) → series linefill
```
Argumentsline1 (series line) First line object.line2 (series line) Second line
object.color (series color) The color used to fill the space between the
lines.ReturnsThe ID of a linefill object that can be passed to other linefill.\*()
functions.RemarksIf any line of the two is deleted, the linefill object is also
deleted. If the lines are moved (e.g. via
[line.set\_xy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_line.set_xy) functions), the linefill object is also moved.If both lines are
extended in the same direction relative to the lines themselves (e.g. both have
[extend.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_extend.right) as the value of their `extend=` parameter), the space between
line extensions will also be filled.
### linefill.set\_color()

The function sets the color of the linefill object passed to it.Syntax
```
linefill.set_color(id, color) → void
```
Argumentsid (series linefill) A linefill object.color (series color) The color of
the linefill object.
### log.error()
2 overloadsConverts the formatting string and value(s) into a formatted string, and
sends the result to the "Pine logs" menu tagged with the "error" debug level.The
formatting string can contain literal text and one placeholder in curly braces {}
for each value to be formatted. Each placeholder consists of the index of the
required argument (beginning at 0) that will replace it, and an optional format
specifier. The index represents the position of that argument in the function's
argument list.Syntax & Overloads[```
log.error(message) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.error-0)[```
log.error(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.error-
1)Argumentsmessage (series string) Log message.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("My strategy", overlay = true, process_orders_on_close = true)
bracketTickSizeInput = input.int(1000, "Stoploss/Take-Profit distance (in ticks)")

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
limitLevel = close * 1.01
log.info("Long limit order has been placed at {0}", limitLevel)
strategy.order("My Long Entry Id", strategy.long, limit = limitLevel)

log.info("Exit orders have been placed: Take-profit at {0}, Stop-loss at {1}",

close, limitLevel)
strategy.exit("Exit", "My Long Entry Id", profit = bracketTickSizeInput, loss =
bracketTickSizeInput)

if strategy.opentrades > 10
log.warning("{0} positions opened in the same direction in a row. Try adjusting
`bracketTickSizeInput`", strategy.opentrades)

last10Perc = strategy.initial_capital / 10 > strategy.equity

if (last10Perc and not last10Perc[1])
log.error("The strategy has lost 90% of the initial capital!")

```
ReturnsThe formatted string.RemarksAny curly braces within an unquoted pattern must
be balanced. For example, "ab {0} de" and "ab '}' de" are valid patterns, but "ab
{0'}' de", "ab } de" and "''{''" are not.The function can apply additional
formatting to some values inside of the `{}`. The list of additional formatting
options can be found in the EXAMPLE section of the
[str.format](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format)
article.The string used as the `formatString` argument can contain single quote
characters ('). However, one must pair all single quotes in that string to avoid
unexpected formatting results.The "Pine logs..." button is accessible from the
"More" dropdown in the Pine Editor and from the "More" dropdown in the status line
of any script that uses `log.*()` functions.
### log.info()

2 overloadsConverts the formatting string and value(s) into a formatted string, and
sends the result to the "Pine logs" menu tagged with the "info" debug level.The
formatting string can contain literal text and one placeholder in curly braces {}
for each value to be formatted. Each placeholder consists of the index of the
required argument (beginning at 0) that will replace it, and an optional format
specifier. The index represents the position of that argument in the function's
argument list.Syntax & Overloads[```
log.info(message) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.info-0)[```
log.info(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.info-
1)Argumentsmessage (series string) Log message.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("My strategy", overlay = true, process_orders_on_close = true)
bracketTickSizeInput = input.int(1000, "Stoploss/Take-Profit distance (in ticks)")

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
limitLevel = close * 1.01
log.info("Long limit order has been placed at {0}", limitLevel)
strategy.order("My Long Entry Id", strategy.long, limit = limitLevel)

log.info("Exit orders have been placed: Take-profit at {0}, Stop-loss at {1}",

close, limitLevel)
strategy.exit("Exit", "My Long Entry Id", profit = bracketTickSizeInput, loss =
bracketTickSizeInput)

if strategy.opentrades > 10
log.warning("{0} positions opened in the same direction in a row. Try adjusting
`bracketTickSizeInput`", strategy.opentrades)

last10Perc = strategy.initial_capital / 10 > strategy.equity

if (last10Perc and not last10Perc[1])
log.error("The strategy has lost 90% of the initial capital!")

```
ReturnsThe formatted string.RemarksAny curly braces within an unquoted pattern must
be balanced. For example, "ab {0} de" and "ab '}' de" are valid patterns, but "ab
{0'}' de", "ab } de" and "''{''" are not.The function can apply additional
formatting to some values inside of the `{}`. The list of additional formatting
options can be found in the EXAMPLE section of the
[str.format](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format)
article.The string used as the `formatString` argument can contain single quote
characters ('). However, one must pair all single quotes in that string to avoid
unexpected formatting results.The "Pine logs..." button is accessible from the
"More" dropdown in the Pine Editor and from the "More" dropdown in the status line
of any script that uses `log.*()` functions.
### log.warning()

2 overloadsConverts the formatting string and value(s) into a formatted string, and
sends the result to the "Pine logs" menu tagged with the "warning" debug level.The
formatting string can contain literal text and one placeholder in curly braces {}
for each value to be formatted. Each placeholder consists of the index of the
required argument (beginning at 0) that will replace it, and an optional format
specifier. The index represents the position of that argument in the function's
argument list.Syntax & Overloads[```
log.warning(message) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.warning-0)[```
log.warning(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_log.warning-
1)Argumentsmessage (series string) Log message.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("My strategy", overlay = true, process_orders_on_close = true)
bracketTickSizeInput = input.int(1000, "Stoploss/Take-Profit distance (in ticks)")

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
limitLevel = close * 1.01
log.info("Long limit order has been placed at {0}", limitLevel)
strategy.order("My Long Entry Id", strategy.long, limit = limitLevel)

log.info("Exit orders have been placed: Take-profit at {0}, Stop-loss at {1}",

close, limitLevel)
strategy.exit("Exit", "My Long Entry Id", profit = bracketTickSizeInput, loss =
bracketTickSizeInput)

if strategy.opentrades > 10
log.warning("{0} positions opened in the same direction in a row. Try adjusting
`bracketTickSizeInput`", strategy.opentrades)

last10Perc = strategy.initial_capital / 10 > strategy.equity

if (last10Perc and not last10Perc[1])
log.error("The strategy has lost 90% of the initial capital!")

```
ReturnsThe formatted string.RemarksAny curly braces within an unquoted pattern must
be balanced. For example, "ab {0} de" and "ab '}' de" are valid patterns, but "ab
{0'}' de", "ab } de" and "''{''" are not.The function can apply additional
formatting to some values inside of the `{}`. The list of additional formatting
options can be found in the EXAMPLE section of the
[str.format](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format)
article.The string used as the `formatString` argument can contain single quote
characters ('). However, one must pair all single quotes in that string to avoid
unexpected formatting results.The "Pine logs..." button is accessible from the
"More" dropdown in the Pine Editor and from the "More" dropdown in the status line
of any script that uses `log.*()` functions.
### map.clear()

Clears the map, removing all key-value pairs from it.Syntax

```
map.clear(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.clear example")
oddMap = map.new<int, bool>()
oddMap.put(1, true)
oddMap.put(2, false)
oddMap.put(3, true)
map.clear(oddMap)
plot(oddMap.size())

```
See also[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put\_all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put_all)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.remove)

### map.contains()
Returns [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if
the `key` was found in the `id` map, [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise.Syntax
```
map.contains(id, key) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.key (series <type of the map's elements>)
The key to search in the map.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.includes example")
a = map.new<string, float>()
a.put("open", open)
p = close
if map.contains(a, "open")
p := a.get("open")
plot(p)

```
See also[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.size)

### map.copy()
Creates a copy of an existing map.Syntax
```
map.copy(id) → map<keyType, valueType>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object to copy.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.copy example")
a = map.new<string, int>()
a.put("example", 1)
b = map.copy(a)
a := map.new<string, int>()
a.put("example", 2)
plot(a.get("example"))
plot(b.get("example"))

```
ReturnsA copy of the `id` map. See also:
[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.get)[map.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.size)

### map.get()
Returns the value associated with the specified `key` in the `id` map.Syntax
```
map.get(id, key) → <value_type>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.key (series <type of the map's elements>)
The key of the value to retrieve.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.get example")
a = map.new<int, int>()
size = 10
for i = 0 to size
a.put(i, size-i)
plot(map.get(a, 1))

```
See also[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.contains](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_map.contains)

### map.keys()
Returns an array of all the keys in the `id` map. The resulting array is a copy and
any changes to it are not reflected in the original map.Syntax
```
map.keys(id) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.keys example")
a = map.new<string, float>()
a.put("open", open)
a.put("high", high)
a.put("low", low)
a.put("close", close)
keys = map.keys(a)
ohlc = 0.0
for key in keys
ohlc += a.get(key)
plot(ohlc/4)

```
RemarksMaps maintain insertion order. The elements within the array returned by
this function will also be in the insertion order. See also: [map.new<type,type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)
[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.put)
[map.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.get)
[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.values)
[map.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.size)

### map.new<type,type>()
Creates a new map object: a collection that consists of key-value pairs, where all
keys are of the `keyType`, and all values are of the `valueType`.`keyType` can be a
primitive type or enum. For example: [int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_int), [float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_float), [bool](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_bool), [string](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_string), [color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_color).`valueType` can be of any type except `array<>`,
`matrix<>`, and `map<>`. User-defined types are allowed, even if they have
`array<>`, `matrix<>`, or `map<>` as one of their fields.Syntax
```
map.new<keyType, valueType>() → map<keyType, valueType>
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.new<string, int> example")
a = map.new<string, int>()
a.put("example", 1)
label.new(bar_index, close, str.tostring(a.get("example")))

```
ReturnsThe ID of a map object which may be used in other map.\*()
functions.RemarksEach key is unique and can only appear once. When adding a new
value with a key that the map already contains, that value replaces the old value
associated with the key.Maps maintain insertion order. Note that the order does not
change when inserting a pair with a `key` that's already in the map. The new pair
replaces the existing pair with the `key` in such cases. See also: [map.put]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.get]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.get)
[array.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new%3Ctype%3E)

### map.put()
Puts a new key-value pair into the `id` map.Syntax
```
map.put(id, key, value) → <value_type>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.key (series <type of the map's elements>)
The key to put into the map.value (series <type of the map's elements>) The key
value to put into the map.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.put example")
a = map.new<string, float>()
map.put(a, "first", 10)
map.put(a, "second", 15)
prevFirst = map.put(a, "first", 20)
currFirst = a.get("first")
plot(prevFirst)
plot(currFirst)

```
ReturnsThe previous value associated with `key` if the key was already present in
the map, or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if
the key is new.RemarksMaps maintain insertion order. Note that the order does not
change when inserting a pair with a `key` that's already in the map. The new pair
replaces the existing pair with the `key` in such cases. See also:
[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put\_all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put_all)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.remove)

### map.put\_all()
Puts all key-value pairs from the `id2` map into the `id` map.Syntax
```
map.put_all(id, id2) → void
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object to append to.id2 (any map type) A map
object to be appended.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.put_all example")
a = map.new<string, float>()
b = map.new<string, float>()
a.put("first", 10)
a.put("second", 15)
b.put("third", 20)
map.put_all(a, b)
plot(a.get("third"))

```
See also[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.remove](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.remove)

### map.remove()
Removes a key-value pair from the `id` map.Syntax
```
map.remove(id, key) → <value_type>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.key (series <type of the map's elements>)
The key of the pair to remove from the map.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.remove example")
a = map.new<string, color>()
a.put("firstColor", color.green)
oldColorValue = map.remove(a, "firstColor")
plot(close, color = oldColorValue)

```
ReturnsThe previous value associated with `key` if the key was present in the map,
or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if there was
no such key. See also: [map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.clear](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.clear)

### map.size()
Returns the number of key-value pairs in the `id` map.Syntax
```
map.size(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.size example")
a = map.new<int, int>()
size = 10
for i = 0 to size
a.put(i, size-i)
plot(map.size(a))

```
See also[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.put)[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)[map.values](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.values)[map.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_map.get)

### map.values()
Returns an array of all the values in the `id` map. The resulting array is a copy
and any changes to it are not reflected in the original map.Syntax
```
map.values(id) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any map type) A map object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map.values example")
a = map.new<string, float>()
a.put("open", open)
a.put("high", high)
a.put("low", low)
a.put("close", close)
values = map.values(a)
ohlc = 0.0
for value in values
ohlc += value
plot(ohlc/4)

```
RemarksMaps maintain insertion order. The elements within the array returned by
this function will also be in the insertion order. See also: [map.new<type,type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)
[map.put](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.put)
[map.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.get)
[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)
[map.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.size)

### math.abs()
8 overloadsAbsolute value of `number` is `number` if `number` >= 0, or -`number`
otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.abs(number) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-0)[```
math.abs(number) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-1)[```
math.abs(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-2)[```
math.abs(number) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-3)[```
math.abs(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-4)[```
math.abs(number) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-5)[```
math.abs(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-6)[```
math.abs(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.abs-
7)Argumentsnumber (const int) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsThe
absolute value of `number`.
### math.acos()

4 overloadsThe acos function returns the arccosine (in radians) of number such that
cos(acos(y)) = y for y in range [-1, 1].Syntax & Overloads[```
math.acos(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.acos-0)[```
math.acos(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.acos-1)[```
math.acos(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.acos-2)[```
math.acos(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.acos-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) The value, in radians, to use in the
calculation.ReturnsThe arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the range
[0, Pi], or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if y
is outside of range [-1, 1].
### math.asin()

4 overloadsThe asin function returns the arcsine (in radians) of number such that
sin(asin(y)) = y for y in range [-1, 1].Syntax & Overloads[```
math.asin(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.asin-0)[```
math.asin(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.asin-1)[```
math.asin(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.asin-2)[```
math.asin(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.asin-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) The value, in radians, to use in the
calculation.ReturnsThe arcsine of a value; the returned angle is in the range [-
Pi/2, Pi/2], or [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
if y is outside of range [-1, 1].
### math.atan()

4 overloadsThe atan function returns the arctangent (in radians) of number such
that tan(atan(y)) = y for any y.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.atan(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.atan-0)[```
math.atan(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.atan-1)[```
math.atan(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.atan-2)[```
math.atan(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.atan-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) The value, in radians, to use in the
calculation.ReturnsThe arc tangent of a value; the returned angle is in the range
[-Pi/2, Pi/2].
### math.avg()

2 overloadsCalculates average of all given series (elementwise).Syntax &

Overloads[```
math.avg(number0, number1, ...) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.avg-0)[```
math.avg(number0, number1, ...) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.avg-
1)Argumentsnumber0, number1, ... (simple int/float) A sequence of numbers to use in
the calculation.ReturnsAverage. See also:
[math.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sum)
[ta.cum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.cum)[ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)

### math.ceil()
4 overloadsRounds the specified `number` up to the smallest whole number ("int"
value) that is greater than or equal to it.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.ceil(number) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil-0)[```
math.ceil(number) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil-1)[```
math.ceil(number) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil-2)[```
math.ceil(number) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to round.ReturnsThe smallest "int"
value that is greater than or equal to the `number`. See also: [math.floor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor)[math.round]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round)

### math.cos()
4 overloadsThe cos function returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.Syntax &
Overloads[```
math.cos(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.cos-0)[```
math.cos(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.cos-1)[```
math.cos(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.cos-2)[```
math.cos(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.cos-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) Angle, in radians.ReturnsThe trigonometric
cosine of an angle.
### math.exp()

4 overloadsThe exp function of `number` is e raised to the power of `number`, where

e is Euler's number.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.exp(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.exp-0)[```
math.exp(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.exp-1)[```
math.exp(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.exp-2)[```
math.exp(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.exp-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsA
value representing e raised to the power of `number`. See also: [math.pow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow)

### math.floor()
4 overloadsRounds the specified `number` down to the largest whole number ("int"
value) that is less than or equal to it.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.floor(number) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor-0)[```
math.floor(number) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor-1)[```
math.floor(number) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor-2)[```
math.floor(number) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to round.ReturnsThe largest "int"
value that is less than or equal to the `number`. See also:
[math.ceil](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil)
[math.round](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round)

### math.log()
4 overloadsNatural logarithm of any `number` > 0 is the unique y such that e^y =
`number`.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.log(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log-0)[```
math.log(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log-1)[```
math.log(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log-2)[```
math.log(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsThe
natural logarithm of `number`. See also:
[math.log10](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log10)

### math.log10()
4 overloadsThe common (or base 10) logarithm of `number` is the power to which 10
must be raised to obtain the `number`. 10^y = `number`.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.log10(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log10-0)[```
math.log10(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log10-1)[```
math.log10(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log10-2)[```
math.log10(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log10-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsThe
base 10 logarithm of `number`. See also:
[math.log](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.log)

### math.max()
8 overloadsReturns the greatest of multiple values.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-0)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-1)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-2)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-3)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-4)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-5)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-6)[```
math.max(number0, number1, ...) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max-
7)Argumentsnumber0, number1, ... (const int) A sequence of numbers to use in the
calculation.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("math.max", overlay=true)
plot(math.max(close, open))
plot(math.max(close, math.max(open, 42)))

```
ReturnsThe greatest of multiple given values. See also:
[math.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min)

### math.min()
8 overloadsReturns the smallest of multiple values.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-0)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-1)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-2)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-3)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-4)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-5)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-6)[```
math.min(number0, number1, ...) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.min-
7)Argumentsnumber0, number1, ... (const int) A sequence of numbers to use in the
calculation.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("math.min", overlay=true)
plot(math.min(close, open))
plot(math.min(close, math.min(open, 42)))

```
ReturnsThe smallest of multiple given values. See also:
[math.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.max)

### math.pow()
4 overloadsMathematical power function.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.pow(base, exponent) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow-0)[```
math.pow(base, exponent) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow-1)[```
math.pow(base, exponent) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow-2)[```
math.pow(base, exponent) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow-
3)Argumentsbase (const int/float) Specify the base to use.exponent (const
int/float) Specifies the exponent.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("math.pow", overlay=true)
plot(math.pow(close, 2))

```
Returns`base` raised to the power of `exponent`. If `base` is a series, it is
calculated elementwise. See also: [math.sqrt](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sqrt)[math.exp](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_math.exp)
### math.random()
Returns a pseudo-random value. The function will generate a different sequence of
values for each script execution. Using the same value for the optional seed
argument will produce a repeatable sequence.Syntax
```
math.random(min, max, seed) → series float
```
Argumentsmin (series int/float) The lower bound of the range of random values. The
value is not included in the range. The default is 0.max (series int/float) The
upper bound of the range of random values. The value is not included in the range.
The default is 1.seed (series int) Optional argument. When the same seed is used,
allows successive calls to the function to produce a repeatable set of
values.ReturnsA random value.
### math.round()

8 overloadsReturns the value of `number` rounded to the nearest integer, with ties
rounding up. If the `precision` parameter is used, returns a float value rounded to
that amount of decimal places.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.round(number) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-0)[```
math.round(number) → input int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-1)[```
math.round(number) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-2)[```
math.round(number) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-3)[```
math.round(number, precision) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-4)[```
math.round(number, precision) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-5)[```
math.round(number, precision) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-6)[```
math.round(number, precision) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.round-
7)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The value to be rounded.ReturnsThe value of
`number` rounded to the nearest integer, or according to precision.RemarksNote that
for 'na' values function returns 'na'. See also:
[math.ceil](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil)
[math.floor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor)

### math.round\_to\_mintick()
2 overloadsReturns the value rounded to the symbol's mintick, i.e. the nearest
value that can be divided by [syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.mintick), without the remainder, with ties
rounding up.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.round_to_mintick(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_math.round_to_mintick-0)[```
math.round_to_mintick(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_math.round_to_mintick-1)Argumentsnumber (simple int/float) The value to be
rounded.ReturnsThe `number` rounded to tick precision.RemarksNote that for 'na'
values function returns 'na'. See also:
[math.ceil](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.ceil)
[math.floor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor)

### math.sign()
4 overloadsSign (signum) of `number` is zero if `number` is zero, 1.0 if `number`
is greater than zero, -1.0 if `number` is less than zero.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.sign(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sign-0)[```
math.sign(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sign-1)[```
math.sign(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sign-2)[```
math.sign(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sign-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsThe
sign of the argument.
### math.sin()

4 overloadsThe sin function returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.Syntax &

Overloads[```
math.sin(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sin-0)[```
math.sin(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sin-1)[```
math.sin(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sin-2)[```
math.sin(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sin-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) Angle, in radians.ReturnsThe trigonometric sine
of an angle.
### math.sqrt()

4 overloadsSquare root of any `number` >= 0 is the unique y >= 0 such that y^2 =
`number`.Syntax & Overloads[```
math.sqrt(number) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sqrt-0)[```
math.sqrt(number) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sqrt-1)[```
math.sqrt(number) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sqrt-2)[```
math.sqrt(number) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sqrt-
3)Argumentsnumber (const int/float) The number to use in the calculation.ReturnsThe
square root of `number`. See also: [math.pow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_math.pow)

### math.sum()
The sum function returns the sliding sum of last y values of x.Syntax
```
math.sum(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsSum of `source` for `length` bars back.Remarks`na`
values in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length`
quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.cum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.cum)[for](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_for)

### math.tan()
4 overloadsThe tan function returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.Syntax &
Overloads[```
math.tan(angle) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.tan-0)[```
math.tan(angle) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.tan-1)[```
math.tan(angle) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.tan-2)[```
math.tan(angle) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.tan-
3)Argumentsangle (const int/float) Angle, in radians.ReturnsThe trigonometric
tangent of an angle.
### math.todegrees()

Returns an approximately equivalent angle in degrees from an angle measured in

radians.Syntax
```
math.todegrees(radians) → series float
```
Argumentsradians (series int/float) Angle in radians.ReturnsThe angle value in
degrees.
### math.toradians()

Returns an approximately equivalent angle in radians from an angle measured in

degrees.Syntax
```
math.toradians(degrees) → series float
```
Argumentsdegrees (series int/float) Angle in degrees.ReturnsThe angle value in
radians.
### matrix.add\_col()

2 overloadsThe function adds a column at the `column` index of the `id` matrix. The
column can consist of `na` values, or an array can be used to provide values.Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.add_col(id, column) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_col-0)
[```
matrix.add_col(id, column, array_id) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_col-
1)Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.column (series int) The index of
the column after which the new column will be inserted. Optional. The default value
is [matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns).Adding a column to the matrixExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.add_col()` Example 1")

// Create a 2x3 "int" matrix containing values `0`.

m = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)

// Add a column with `na` values to the matrix.

matrix.add_col(m)

// Display matrix elements.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m))

```
Adding an array as a column to the matrixExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.add_col()` Example 2")

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create an empty matrix object.
var m = matrix.new<int>()

// Create an array with values `1` and `3`.

var a = array.from(1, 3)

// Add the `a` array as the first column of the empty matrix.
matrix.add_col(m, 0, a)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m))

```
RemarksRather than add columns to an empty matrix, it is far more efficient to
declare a matrix with explicit dimensions and fill it with values. Adding a column
is also much slower than adding a row with the
[matrix.add\_row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.add_row) function. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)[matrix.add\_row](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_row)

### matrix.add\_row()
2 overloadsThe function adds a row at the `row` index of the `id` matrix. The row
can consist of `na` values, or an array can be used to provide values.Syntax &
Overloads[```
matrix.add_row(id, row) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_row-0)
[```
matrix.add_row(id, row, array_id) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_row-
1)Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row (series int) The index of the
row after which the new row will be inserted. Optional. The default value is
[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.rows).Adding a row to the matrixExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.add_row()` Example 1")

// Create a 2x3 "int" matrix containing values `0`.

m = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)

// Add a row with `na` values to the matrix.

matrix.add_row(m)

// Display matrix elements.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m))
```
Adding an array as a row to the matrixExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.add_row()` Example 2")

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create an empty matrix object.
var m = matrix.new<int>()

// Create an array with values `1` and `2`.

var a = array.from(1, 2)

// Add the `a` array as the first row of the empty matrix.
matrix.add_row(m, 0, a)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m))

```
RemarksIndexing of rows and columns starts at zero. Rather than add rows to an
empty matrix, it is far more efficient to declare a matrix with explicit dimensions
and fill it with values. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)[matrix.add\_col](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_col)

### matrix.avg()
2 overloadsThe function calculates the average of all elements in the matrix.Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.avg(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg-0)[```
matrix.avg(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.avg()` Example")

// Create a 2x2 matrix.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the average value of the matrix.

var x = matrix.avg(m)

plot(x, 'Matrix average value')

```
ReturnsThe average value from the `id` matrix. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.col()
The function creates a one-dimensional array from the elements of a matrix
column.Syntax
```
matrix.col(id, column) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.column (series int) Index of the
required column.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.col()` Example", "", true)

// Create a 2x3 "float" matrix from `hlc3` values.

m = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, hlc3)

// Return an array with the values of the first column of matrix `m`.
a = matrix.col(m, 0)

// Plot the first value from the array `a`.

plot(array.get(a, 0))

```
ReturnsAn array ID containing the `column` values of the `id`
matrix.RemarksIndexing of rows starts at 0. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[array.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[matrix.col](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.col)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)

### matrix.columns()
The function returns the number of columns in the matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.columns(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.columns()` Example")

// Create a 2x6 matrix with values `0`.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 6, 0)

// Get the quantity of columns in matrix `m`.

var x = matrix.columns(m)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, "Columns: " + str.tostring(x) + "\n" + str.tostring(
m))

```
ReturnsThe number of columns in the matrix `id`. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.col](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.col)
[matrix.row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.row)
[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.concat()
The function appends the `m2` matrix to the `m1` matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.concat(id1, id2) → matrix<type>
```
Argumentsid1 (any matrix type) Matrix object to concatenate into.id2 (any matrix
type) Matrix object whose elements will be appended to `id1`.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.concat()` Example")

// Create a 2x4 "int" matrix containing values `0`.

m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 4, 0)
// Create a 2x4 "int" matrix containing values `1`.
m2 = matrix.new<int>(2, 4, 1)

// Append matrix `m2` to `m1`.

matrix.concat(m1, m2)

// Display matrix elements.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix Elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))

```
ReturnsReturns the `id1` matrix concatenated with the `id2` matrix.RemarksThe
number of columns in both matrices must be identical. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.copy()
The function creates a new matrix which is a copy of the original.Syntax
```
matrix.copy(id) → matrix<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object to copy.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.copy()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
 // Create a 2x3 "float" matrix with `1` values.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 1)

// Copy the matrix to a new one.

// Note that unlike what `matrix.copy()` does,
// the simple assignment operation `m2 = m1`
// would NOT create a new copy of the `m1` matrix.
// It would merely create a copy of its ID referencing the same matrix.
var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 5, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Matrix Copy:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix object of the copied `id` matrix. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.det()
2 overloadsThe function returns the
[determinant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant) of a square matrix.Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.det(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.det-0)[```
matrix.det(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.det-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.det` Example")

// Create a 2x2 matrix.

var m = matrix.new<float>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 7)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, -4)

// Get the determinant of the matrix.

var x = matrix.det(m)

plot(x, 'Matrix determinant')

```
ReturnsThe determinant value of the `id` matrix.RemarksFunction calculation based
on the [LU decomposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition)
algorithm. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)
### matrix.diff()
2 overloadsThe function returns a new matrix resulting from the subtraction between
matrices `id1` and `id2`, or of matrix `id1` and an `id2` scalar (a numerical
value).Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.diff(id1, id2) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.diff-0)[```
matrix.diff(id1, id2) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.diff-
1)Argumentsid1 (matrix<int>) Matrix to subtract from.id2 (series
int/float/matrix<int>) Matrix object or a scalar value to be subtracted.Difference
between two matricesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.diff()` Example 1")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `5`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 5)
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `4`.
var m2 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)
// Create a new matrix containing the difference between matrices `m1` and `m2`
.
var m3 = matrix.diff(m1, m2)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Difference between two matrices:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m3))

```
Difference between a matrix and a scalar valueExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.diff()` Example 2")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix with values `4`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)

// Create a new matrix containing the difference between the `m1` matrix and th
e "int" value `1`.
var m2 = matrix.diff(m1, 1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Difference between a matrix and a scalar:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix object containing the difference between `id2` and `id1`. See
also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)
### matrix.eigenvalues()
2 overloadsThe function returns an array containing the
[eigenvalues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors) of a
square matrix.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.eigenvalues(id) → array<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.eigenvalues-
0)[```
matrix.eigenvalues(id) → array<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.eigenvalues-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.eigenvalues()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 6)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 8)

// Get the eigenvalues of the matrix.

tr = matrix.eigenvalues(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Array of Eigenvalues:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(tr))

```
ReturnsAn array containing the eigenvalues of the `id` matrix.RemarksThe function
is calculated using "The Implicit QL Algorithm". See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.eigenvectors](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.eigenvectors)

### matrix.eigenvectors()
2 overloadsReturns a matrix of
[eigenvectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors), in
which each column is an eigenvector of the `id` matrix.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.eigenvectors(id) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.eigenvectors-
0)[```
matrix.eigenvectors(id) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.eigenvectors-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.eigenvectors()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
 // Create a 2x2 matrix
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, 1)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 6)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 8)

// Get the eigenvectors of the matrix.

m2 = matrix.eigenvectors(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix Elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Matrix Eigenvectors:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix containing the eigenvectors of the `id` matrix.RemarksThe
function is calculated using "The Implicit QL Algorithm". See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.eigenvalues](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.eigenvalues)

### matrix.elements\_count()
The function returns the total number of all matrix elements.Syntax
```
matrix.elements_count(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.fill()
The function fills a rectangular area of the `id` matrix defined by the indices
`from_column` to `to_column` (not including it) and `from_row` to `to_row`(not
including it) with the `value`.Syntax
```
matrix.fill(id, value, from_row, to_row, from_column, to_column) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.value (series <type of the matrix's
elements>) The value to fill with.from\_row (series int) Row index from which the
fill will begin (inclusive). Optional. The default value is 0.to\_row (series int)
Row index where the fill will end (not inclusive). Optional. The default value is
[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.rows).from\_column (series int) Column index from which the fill will
begin (inclusive). Optional. The default value is 0.to\_column (series int) Column
index where the fill will end (non inclusive). Optional. The default value is
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.fill()` Example")
// Create a 4x5 "int" matrix containing values `0`.
m = matrix.new<float>(4, 5, 0)

// Fill the intersection of rows 1 to 2 and columns 2 to 3 of the matrix with `hl2`
values.
matrix.fill(m, hl2, 0, 2, 1, 3)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m))

```
See also[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.get()
The function returns the element with the specified index of the matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.get(id, row, column) → <matrix_type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row (series int) Index of the
required row.column (series int) Index of the required column.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.get()` Example", "", true)

// Create a 2x3 "float" matrix from the `hl2` values.

m = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, hl2)

// Return the value of the element at index [0, 0] of matrix `m`.

x = matrix.get(m, 0, 0)

plot(x)

```
ReturnsThe value of the element at the `row` and `column` index of the `id`
matrix.RemarksIndexing of the rows and columns starts at zero. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.inv()
2 overloadsThe function returns the
[inverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix) of a square
matrix.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.inv(id) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.inv-0)[```
matrix.inv(id) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.inv-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.inv()` Example")
// For efficiency, execute this code only once.
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Inverse of the matrix.

var m2 = matrix.inv(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Inverse matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix, which is the inverse of the `id` matrix.RemarksThe function is
calculated using the [LU
decomposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition) algorithm. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.pinv](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.pinv)[matrix.copy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.copy)[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring)

### matrix.is\_antidiagonal()
The function determines if the matrix is
[anti-diagonal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-diagonal_matrix) (all elements
outside the secondary diagonal are zero).Syntax
```
matrix.is_antidiagonal(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is anti-diagonal, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)[matrix.is\
_identity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.is_identity)[matrix.is\_diagonal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_diagonal)

### matrix.is\_antisymmetric()
The function determines if a matrix is
[antisymmetric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew-symmetric_matrix) (its
[transpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose) equals its negative).Syntax
```
matrix.is_antisymmetric(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true, if the
`id` matrix is antisymmetric, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)

### matrix.is\_binary()
The function determines if the matrix is
[binary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_matrix) (when all elements of the
matrix are 0 or 1).Syntax
```
matrix.is_binary(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is binary, false otherwise. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)

### matrix.is\_diagonal()
The function determines if the matrix is
[diagonal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_matrix) (all elements outside the
main diagonal are zero).Syntax
```
matrix.is_diagonal(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is diagonal, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)[matrix.is\
_identity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.is_identity)[matrix.is\_antidiagonal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_antidiagonal)

### matrix.is\_identity()
The function determines if a matrix is an [identity
matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix) (elements with ones on the
[main diagonal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal) and zeros
elsewhere).Syntax
```
matrix.is_identity(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if `id`
is an identity matrix, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)[matrix.is\
_diagonal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.is_diagonal)

### matrix.is\_square()
The function determines if the matrix is
[square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_matrix) (it has the same number of
rows and columns).Syntax
```
matrix.is_square(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the `id`
matrix is square, false otherwise. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.is\_stochastic()
The function determines if the matrix is
[stochastic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_matrix).Syntax
```
matrix.is_stochastic(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is stochastic, false otherwise. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)

### matrix.is\_symmetric()
The function determines if a [square
matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_matrix) is
[symmetric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_matrix) (elements are symmetric
with respect to the [main
diagonal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal)).Syntax
```
matrix.is_symmetric(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is symmetric, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)

### matrix.is\_triangular()
The function determines if the matrix is
[triangular](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_matrix) (if all elements
above or below the [main diagonal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal) are
zero).Syntax
```
matrix.is_triangular(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to test.ReturnsReturns true if the
`id` matrix is triangular, false otherwise.RemarksReturns false with non-square
matrices. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.is\_square](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.is_square)

### matrix.is\_zero()
The function determines if all elements of the matrix are zero.Syntax
```
matrix.is_zero(id) → series bool
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) Matrix object to check.ReturnsReturns true if all
elements of the `id` matrix are zero, false otherwise. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)

### matrix.kron()
2 overloadsThe function returns the [Kronecker
product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_product) for the `id1` and `id2`
matrices.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.kron(id1, id2) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.kron-0)[```
matrix.kron(id1, id2) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.kron-
1)Argumentsid1 (matrix<int/float>) First matrix object.id2 (matrix<int/float>)
Second matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.kron()` Example")

// Display using a table.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create two matrices with default values `1` and `2`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 2, 1)
var m2 = matrix.new<float>(2, 2, 2)

// Calculate the Kronecker product of the matrices.

var m3 = matrix.kron(m1, m2)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 5, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix 1:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 1, "⊗")
table.cell(t, 2, 0, "Matrix 2:")
table.cell(t, 2, 1, str.tostring(m2))
table.cell(t, 3, 1, "=")
table.cell(t, 4, 0, "Kronecker product:")
table.cell(t, 4, 1, str.tostring(m3))

```
ReturnsA new matrix containing the [Kronecker
product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_product) of `id1` and `id2`. See
also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.mult](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult)[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)

### matrix.max()
2 overloadsThe function returns the largest value from the matrix elements.Syntax &
Overloads[```
matrix.max(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.max-0)[```
matrix.max(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.max-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.max()` Example")
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the maximum value in the matrix.

var x = matrix.max(m)

plot(x, 'Matrix maximum value')

```
ReturnsThe maximum value from the `id` matrix. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.min)
[matrix.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg)
[matrix.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.sort)

### matrix.median()
2 overloadsThe function calculates the
[median](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median) ("the middle" value) of matrix
elements.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.median(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.median-0)[```
matrix.median(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.median-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.median()` Example")

// Create a 2x2 matrix.

m = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the median of the matrix.

x = matrix.median(m)

plot(x, 'Median of the matrix')

```
RemarksNote that [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
elements of the matrix are not considered when calculating the median. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.mode](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mode)[matrix.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.sort)[matrix.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg)

### matrix.min()
2 overloadsThe function returns the smallest value from the matrix elements.Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.min(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.min-0)[```
matrix.min(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.min-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.min()` Example")

// Create a 2x2 matrix.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the minimum value from the matrix.

var x = matrix.min(m)

plot(x, 'Matrix minimum value')

```
ReturnsThe smallest value from the `id` matrix. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.max)
[matrix.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg)
[matrix.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.sort)

### matrix.mode()
2 overloadsThe function calculates the [mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_
%28statistics%29) of the matrix, which is the most frequently occurring value from
the matrix elements. When there are multiple values occurring equally frequently,
the function returns the smallest of those values.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.mode(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mode-0)[```
matrix.mode(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mode-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.mode()` Example")

// Create a 2x2 matrix.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m, 0, 0, 0)
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 0)
matrix.set(m, 1, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m, 1, 1, 1)

// Get the mode of the matrix.

var x = matrix.mode(m)

plot(x, 'Mode of the matrix')

```
ReturnsThe most frequently occurring value from the `id` matrix. If none exists,
returns the smallest value instead.RemarksNote that
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) elements of the
matrix are not considered when calculating the mode. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.median](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.median)[matrix.sort](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.sort)[matrix.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg)

### matrix.mult()
4 overloadsThe function returns a new matrix resulting from the
[product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication) between the matrices
`id1` and `id2`, or between an `id1` matrix and an `id2` scalar (a numerical
value), or between an `id1` matrix and an `id2` vector (an array of values).Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.mult(id1, id2) → array<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult-0)[```
matrix.mult(id1, id2) → array<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult-1)[```
matrix.mult(id1, id2) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult-2)[```
matrix.mult(id1, id2) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult-
3)Argumentsid1 (matrix<int>) First matrix object.id2 (array<int>) Second matrix
object, value or array.Product of two matricesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.mult()` Example 1")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 6x2 matrix containing values `5`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(6, 2, 5)
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `4`.
// Note that it must have the same quantity of rows as there are columns in the
first matrix.
var m2 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)
// Create a new matrix from the multiplication of the two matrices.
var m3 = matrix.mult(m1, m2)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Product of two matrices:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m3))

```
Product of a matrix and a scalarExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.mult()` Example 2")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `4`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)

// Create a new matrix from the product of the two matrices.

 scalar = 5
var m2 = matrix.mult(m1, scalar)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 5, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix 1:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 1, "x")
table.cell(t, 2, 0, "Scalar:")
table.cell(t, 2, 1, str.tostring(scalar))
table.cell(t, 3, 1, "=")
table.cell(t, 4, 0, "Matrix 2:")
table.cell(t, 4, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
Product of a matrix and an array vectorExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.mult()` Example 3")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `4`.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 4)

// Create an array of three elements.

var int[] a = array.from(1, 1, 1)

// Create a new matrix containing the product of the `m1` matrix and the `a` ar
ray.
var m3 = matrix.mult(m1, a)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 5, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix 1:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 1, "x")
table.cell(t, 2, 0, "Value:")
table.cell(t, 2, 1, str.tostring(a, " "))
table.cell(t, 3, 1, "=")
table.cell(t, 4, 0, "Matrix 3:")
table.cell(t, 4, 1, str.tostring(m3))

```
ReturnsA new matrix object containing the product of `id2` and `id1`. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.sum)[matrix.diff](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.diff)

### matrix.new<type>()
The function creates a new matrix object. A matrix is a two-dimensional data
structure containing rows and columns. All elements in the matrix must be of the
type specified in the type template ("<type>").Syntax
```
matrix.new<type>(rows, columns, initial_value) → matrix<type>
```
Argumentsrows (series int) Initial row count of the matrix. Optional. The default
value is 0.columns (series int) Initial column count of the matrix. Optional. The
default value is 0.initial\_value (<matrix\_type>) Initial value of all matrix
elements. Optional. The default is 'na'.Create a matrix of elements with the same
initial valueExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.new<type>()` Example 1")

// Create a 2x3 (2 rows x 3 columns) "int" matrix with values zero.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m))

```
Create a matrix from array valuesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.new<type>()` Example 2")

// Function to create a matrix whose rows are filled with array values.
matrixFromArray(int rows, int columns, array<float> data) =>
m = matrix.new<float>(rows, columns)
for i = 0 to rows <= 0 ? na : rows - 1
for j = 0 to columns <= 0 ? na : columns - 1
matrix.set(m, i, j, array.get(data, i * columns + j))
m

// Create a 3x3 matrix from an array of values.

var m1 = matrixFromArray(3, 3, array.from(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9))
// Display using a label.
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m1))

```
Create a matrix from an `input.text_area()` fieldExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.new<type>()` Example 3")

// Function to create a matrix from a text string.

// Values in a row must be separated by a space. Each line is one row.
matrixFromInputArea(stringOfValues) =>
var rowsArray = str.split(stringOfValues, "\n")
var rows = array.size(rowsArray)
var cols = array.size(str.split(array.get(rowsArray, 0), " "))
var matrix = matrix.new<float>(rows, cols, na)
row = 0
for rowString in rowsArray
col = 0
values = str.split(rowString, " ")
for val in values
matrix.set(matrix, row, col, str.tonumber(val))
col += 1
row += 1
matrix

stringInput = input.text_area("1 2 3\n4 5 6\n7 8 9")

var m = matrixFromInputArea(stringInput)
// Display using a label.
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m))

```
Create matrix from random valuesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.new<type>()` Example 4")

// Function to create a matrix with random values (0.0 to 1.0).

matrixRandom(int rows, int columns)=>
result = matrix.new<float>(rows, columns)
for i = 0 to rows - 1
for j = 0 to columns - 1
matrix.set(result, i, j, math.random())
result

// Create a 2x3 matrix with random values.

var m = matrixRandom(2, 3)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m))

```
ReturnsThe ID of the new matrix object. See also:
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.fill)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)[array.new<type>](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new%3Ctype%3E)

### matrix.pinv()
2 overloadsThe function returns the
[pseudoinverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%E2%80%93Penrose_inverse) of a
matrix.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.pinv(id) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.pinv-0)[```
matrix.pinv(id) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.pinv-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.pinv()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Pseudoinverse of the matrix.

 var m2 = matrix.pinv(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Pseudoinverse matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix containing the pseudoinverse of the `id` matrix.RemarksThe
function is calculated using a [Moore–Penrose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore
%E2%80%93Penrose_inverse#Definition) inverse formula based on singular-value
decomposition of a matrix. For non-singular square matrices this function returns
the result of [matrix.inv](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.inv). See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.inv](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.inv)

### matrix.pow()
2 overloadsThe function calculates the product of the matrix by itself `power`
times.Syntax & Overloads[```
matrix.pow(id, power) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.pow-0)[```
matrix.pow(id, power) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.pow-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.power (series int) The number of
times the matrix will be multiplied by itself.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.pow()` Example")

// Display using a table.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, 2)
// Calculate the power of three of the matrix.
var m2 = matrix.pow(m1, 3)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Matrix³:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsThe product of the `id` matrix by itself `power` times. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.mult](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.mult)

### matrix.rank()
The function calculates the [rank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_
%28linear_algebra%29) of the matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.rank(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.rank()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the rank of the matrix.

r = matrix.rank(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Rank of the matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(r))

```
ReturnsThe rank of the `id` matrix. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring)

### matrix.remove\_col()
The function removes the column at `column` index of the `id` matrix and returns an
array containing the removed column's values.Syntax
```
matrix.remove_col(id, column) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.column (series int) The index of the
column to be removed. Optional. The default value is
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("matrix_remove_col", overlay = true)

// Create a 2x2 matrix with ones.

var matrixOrig = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, 1)

// Set values to the 'matrixOrig' matrix.

matrix.set(matrixOrig, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(matrixOrig, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(matrixOrig, 1, 1, 4)

// Create a copy of the 'matrixOrig' matrix.

matrixCopy = matrix.copy(matrixOrig)

// Remove the first column from the `matrixCopy` matrix.

arr = matrix.remove_col(matrixCopy, 0)

// Display matrix elements.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 3, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(matrixOrig))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Removed Elements:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(arr))
table.cell(t, 2, 0, "Result Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 2, 1, str.tostring(matrixCopy))

```
ReturnsAn array containing the elements of the column removed from the `id`
matrix.RemarksIndexing of rows and columns starts at zero. It is far more efficient
to declare matrices with explicit dimensions than to build them by adding or
removing columns. Deleting a column is also much slower than deleting a row with
the [matrix.remove\_row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.remove_row) function. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.copy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.copy)[matrix.remove\_row](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.remove_row)

### matrix.remove\_row()
The function removes the row at `row` index of the `id` matrix and returns an array
containing the removed row's values.Syntax
```
matrix.remove_row(id, row) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row (series int) The index of the row
to be deleted. Optional. The default value is
[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.rows).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("matrix_remove_row", overlay = true)

// Create a 2x2 "int" matrix containing values `1`.

var matrixOrig = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, 1)

// Set values to the 'matrixOrig' matrix.

matrix.set(matrixOrig, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(matrixOrig, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(matrixOrig, 1, 1, 4)

// Create a copy of the 'matrixOrig' matrix.

matrixCopy = matrix.copy(matrixOrig)

// Remove the first row from the matrix `matrixCopy`.

arr = matrix.remove_row(matrixCopy, 0)

// Display matrix elements.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 3, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(matrixOrig))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Removed Elements:")
 table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(arr))
table.cell(t, 2, 0, "Result Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 2, 1, str.tostring(matrixCopy))

```
ReturnsAn array containing the elements of the row removed from the `id`
matrix.RemarksIndexing of rows and columns starts at zero. It is far more efficient
to declare matrices with explicit dimensions than to build them by adding or
removing rows. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.copy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.copy)
[matrix.remove\_col](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.remove_col)

### matrix.reshape()
The function rebuilds the `id` matrix to `rows` x `cols` dimensions.Syntax
```
matrix.reshape(id, rows, columns) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.rows (series int) The number of rows
of the reshaped matrix.columns (series int) The number of columns of the reshaped
matrix.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.reshape()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 2, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 5)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 2, 6)

// Copy the matrix to a new one.

var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)

// Reshape the copy to a 3x2.

matrix.reshape(m2, 3, 2)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Reshaped matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
See also[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.add\_row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_row)[matrix.add\_col](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.add_col)
### matrix.reverse()
The function reverses the order of rows and columns in the matrix `id`. The first
row and first column become the last, and the last become the first.Syntax
```
matrix.reverse(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.reverse()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Copy the matrix to a new one.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Copy matrix elements to a new matrix.

var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)

// Reverse the `m2` copy of the original matrix.

matrix.reverse(m2)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Reversed matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
See also[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)[matrix.reshape](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.reshape)

### matrix.row()
The function creates a one-dimensional array from the elements of a matrix
row.Syntax
```
matrix.row(id, row) → array<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row (series int) Index of the
required row.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.row()` Example", "", true)

// Create a 2x3 "float" matrix from `hlc3` values.

m = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, hlc3)

// Return an array with the values of the first row of the matrix.
a = matrix.row(m, 0)

// Plot the first value from the array `a`.

plot(array.get(a, 0))

```
ReturnsAn array ID containing the `row` values of the `id` matrix.RemarksIndexing
of rows starts at 0. See also: [matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[array.get](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.get)[matrix.col](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.col)[matrix.rows]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.rows()
The function returns the number of rows in the matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.rows(id) → series int
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.rows()` Example")

// Create a 2x6 matrix with values `0`.

var m = matrix.new<int>(2, 6, 0)

// Get the quantity of rows in the matrix.

var x = matrix.rows(m)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, "Rows: " + str.tostring(x) + "\n" + str.tostring(m))

```
ReturnsThe number of rows in the matrix `id`. See also: [matrix.new<type>]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)
[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)
[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)
[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.row)

### matrix.set()
The function assigns `value` to the element at the `row` and `column` of the `id`
matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.set(id, row, column, value) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row (series int) The row index of the
element to be modified.column (series int) The column index of the element to be
modified.value (series <type of the matrix's elements>) The new value to be
set.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.set()` Example")

// Create a 2x3 "int" matrix containing values `4`.

m = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 4)
// Replace the value of element at row 1 and column 2 with value `3`.
matrix.set(m, 0, 1, 3)

// Display using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m))

```
See also[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.sort()
The function rearranges the rows in the `id` matrix following the sorted order of
the values in the `column`.Syntax
```
matrix.sort(id, column, order) → void
```
Argumentsid (matrix<int/float/string>) A matrix object to be sorted.column (series
int) Index of the column whose sorted values determine the new order of rows.
Optional. The default value is 0.order (series sort\_order) The sort order.
Possible values: [order.ascending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_order.ascending) (default),
[order.descending](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_order.descending).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.sort()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 2)

// Copy the matrix to a new one.

var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)
// Sort the rows of `m2` using the default arguments (first column and ascendin
g order).
matrix.sort(m2)

// Display using a table.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Sorted matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
See also[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.max](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.max)[matrix.min](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.min)[matrix.avg](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.avg)

### matrix.submatrix()
The function extracts a submatrix of the `id` matrix within the specified
indices.Syntax
```
matrix.submatrix(id, from_row, to_row, from_column, to_column) → matrix<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.from\_row (series int) Index of the
row from which the extraction will begin (inclusive). Optional. The default value
is 0.to\_row (series int) Index of the row where the extraction will end (non
inclusive). Optional. The default value is
[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.rows).from\_column (series int) Index of the column from which the
extraction will begin (inclusive). Optional. The default value is 0.to\_column
(series int) Index of the column where the extraction will end (non inclusive).
Optional. The default value is [matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.submatrix()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix matrix with values `0`.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 2, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 5)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 2, 6)

// Create a 2x2 submatrix of the `m1` matrix.

var m2 = matrix.submatrix(m1, 0, 2, 1, 3)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original Matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Submatrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix object containing the submatrix of the `id` matrix defined by
the `from_row`, `to_row`, `from_column` and `to_column` indices.RemarksIndexing of
the rows and columns starts at zero. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.row](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.row)[matrix.col](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.col)[matrix.reshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.reshape)

### matrix.sum()
2 overloadsThe function returns a new matrix resulting from the
[sum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition) of two matrices `id1` and
`id2`, or of an `id1` matrix and an `id2` scalar (a numerical value).Syntax &
Overloads[```
matrix.sum(id1, id2) → matrix<int>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.sum-0)[```
matrix.sum(id1, id2) → matrix<float>
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.sum-
1)Argumentsid1 (matrix<int>) First matrix object.id2 (series int/float/matrix<int>)
Second matrix object, or scalar value.Sum of two matricesExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.sum()` Example 1")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `5`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 5)
// Create a 2x3 matrix containing values `4`.
var m2 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)
// Create a new matrix that sums matrices `m1` and `m2`.
var m3 = matrix.sum(m1, m2)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Sum of two matrices:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m3))

```
Sum of a matrix and scalarExample
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.sum()` Example 2")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x3 matrix with values `4`.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 3, 4)

// Create a new matrix containing the sum of the `m1` matrix with the "int" val
ue `1`.
var m2 = matrix.sum(m1, 1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Sum of a matrix and a scalar:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix object containing the sum of `id2` and `id1`. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.swap\_columns()
The function swaps the columns at the index `column1` and `column2` in the `id`
matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.swap_columns(id, column1, column2) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.column1 (series int) Index of the
first column to be swapped.column2 (series int) Index of the second column to be
swapped.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.swap_columns()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix with ‘na’ values.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Copy the matrix to a new one.

var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)

// Swap the first and second columns of the matrix copy.

matrix.swap_columns(m2, 0, 1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Swapped columns in copy:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
RemarksIndexing of the rows and columns starts at zero. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.swap\_rows()
The function swaps the rows at the index `row1` and `row2` in the `id`
matrix.Syntax
```
matrix.swap_rows(id, row1, row2) → void
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.row1 (series int) Index of the first
row to be swapped.row2 (series int) Index of the second row to be swapped.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.swap_rows()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 3x2 matrix with ‘na’ values.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(3, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
 matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)
matrix.set(m1, 2, 0, 5)
matrix.set(m1, 2, 1, 6)

// Copy the matrix to a new one.

var m2 = matrix.copy(m1)

// Swap the first and second rows of the matrix copy.

matrix.swap_rows(m2, 0, 1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Swapped rows in copy:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
RemarksIndexing of the rows and columns starts at zero. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.swap\_columns](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.swap_columns)

### matrix.trace()
2 overloadsThe function calculates the [trace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_
%28linear_algebra%29) of a matrix (the sum of the main diagonal's elements).Syntax
& Overloads[```
matrix.trace(id) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.trace-0)[```
matrix.trace(id) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.trace-
1)Argumentsid (matrix<int/float>) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.trace()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Get the trace of the matrix.

tr = matrix.trace(m1)

// Display matrix elements.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Matrix elements:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
 table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Trace of the matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(tr))

```
ReturnsThe trace of the `id` matrix. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.get](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.get)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)

### matrix.transpose()
The function creates a new,
[transposed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose#Transpose_of_a_matrix) version
of the `id`. This interchanges the row and column index of each element.Syntax
```
matrix.transpose(id) → matrix<type>
```
Argumentsid (any matrix type) A matrix object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`matrix.transpose()` Example")

// For efficiency, execute this code only once.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Create a 2x2 matrix.
var m1 = matrix.new<float>(2, 2, na)
// Fill the matrix with values.
matrix.set(m1, 0, 0, 1)
matrix.set(m1, 0, 1, 2)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 0, 3)
matrix.set(m1, 1, 1, 4)

// Create a transpose of the matrix.

var m2 = matrix.transpose(m1)

// Display using a table.

var t = table.new(position.top_right, 2, 2, color.green)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "Original matrix:")
table.cell(t, 0, 1, str.tostring(m1))
table.cell(t, 1, 0, "Transposed matrix:")
table.cell(t, 1, 1, str.tostring(m2))

```
ReturnsA new matrix containing the transposed version of the `id` matrix. See also:
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[matrix.set](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_matrix.set)[matrix.columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.columns)[matrix.rows](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.rows)[matrix.reshape](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.reshape)[matrix.reverse]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_matrix.reverse)

### max\_bars\_back()
Function sets the maximum number of bars that is available for historical reference
of a given built-in or user variable. When operator '[]' is applied to a variable -
it is a reference to a historical value of that variable.If an argument of an
operator '[]' is a compile time constant value (e.g. 'v[10]', 'close[500]') then
there is no need to use 'max\_bars\_back' function for that variable. Pine Script®
compiler will use that constant value as history buffer size.If an argument of an
operator '[]' is a value, calculated at runtime (e.g. 'v[i]' where 'i' - is a
series variable) then Pine Script® attempts to autodetect the history buffer size
at runtime. Sometimes it fails and the script crashes at runtime because it
eventually refers to historical values that are out of the buffer. In that case you
should use 'max\_bars\_back' to fix that problem manually.Syntax
```
max_bars_back(var, num) → void
```
Argumentsvar (series int/float/bool/color/label/line) Series variable identifier
for which history buffer should be resized. Possible values are: 'open', 'high',
'low', 'close', 'volume', 'time', or any user defined variable id.num (const int)
History buffer size which is the number of bars that could be referenced for
variable 'var'.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("max_bars_back")
close_() => close
depth() => 400
d = depth()
v = close_()
max_bars_back(v, 500)
out = if bar_index > 0
v[d]
else
v
plot(out)

```
ReturnsvoidRemarksAt the moment 'max\_bars\_back' cannot be applied to built-ins
like 'hl2', 'hlc3', 'ohlc4'. Please use multiple 'max\_bars\_back' calls as
workaround here (e.g. instead of a single ‘max\_bars\_back(hl2, 100)’ call you
should call the function twice: ‘max\_bars\_back(high, 100), max\_bars\_back(low,
100)’).If the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator) or
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
'max\_bars\_back' parameter is used, all variables in the indicator are affected.
This may result in excessive memory usage and cause runtime problems. When possible
(i.e. when the cause is a variable rather than a function), please use the [max\
_bars\_back](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_max_bars_back) function instead. See also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)

### minute()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
minute(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute-0)[```
minute(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsMinute (in exchange
timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds
that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[minute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_minute)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### month()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
month(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month-0)[```
month(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsMonth (in exchange
timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds
that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Note that this function
returns the month based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g.
EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00 UTC-4) this value can be lower
by 1 than the month of the trading day. See also:
[month](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_month)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### na()
2 overloadsTests if `x` is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).Syntax &
Overloads[```
na(x) → simple bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na-0)[```
na(x) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na-1)Argumentsx
(simple int/float) Value to be tested.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("na")
// Use the `na()` function to test for `na`.
plot(na(close[1]) ? close : close[1])
// ALTERNATIVE
// `nz()` also tests `close[1]` for `na`. It returns `close[1]` if it is not `na`,
and `close` if it is.
plot(nz(close[1], close))

```
ReturnsReturns
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) if `x` is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise. See
also: [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)[fixnan]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan)[nz](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz)

### nz()
12 overloadsReplaces NaN values with zeros (or given value) in a series.Syntax &
Overloads[```
nz(source) → simple color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-0)[```
nz(source) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-1)[```
nz(source) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-2)[```
nz(source) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-3)[```
nz(source) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-4)[```
nz(source) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-5)[```
nz(source, replacement) → simple color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-6)[```
nz(source, replacement) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-7)[```
nz(source, replacement) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-8)[```
nz(source, replacement) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-9)[```
nz(source, replacement) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-10)[```
nz(source, replacement) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_nz-
11)Argumentssource (simple color) Series of values to process.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("nz", overlay=true)
plot(nz(ta.sma(close, 100)))

```
ReturnsThe value of `source` if it is not `na`. If the value of `source` is `na`,
returns zero, or the `replacement` argument when one is used. See also: [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)[na](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_na)[fixnan](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fixnan)

### plot()
Plots a series of data on the chart.Syntax
```
plot(series, title, color, linewidth, style, trackprice, histbase, offset, join,
editable, show_last, display, format, precision, force_overlay) → plot
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of data to be plotted. Required
argument.title (const string) Title of the plot.color (series color) Color of the
plot. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as well as
complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'.
Optional argument.linewidth (input int) Width of the plotted line. Default value is
1. Not applicable to every style.style (input plot\_style) Type of plot. Possible
values are: [plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_line),
[plot.style\_stepline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_stepline),
[plot.style\_stepline\_diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_plot.style_stepline_diamond),
[plot.style\_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_histogram), [plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross),
[plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_area), [plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_columns),
[plot.style\_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles), [plot.style\_linebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_linebr),
[plot.style\_areabr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_areabr),
[plot.style\_steplinebr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_steplinebr). Default value is
[plot.style\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_line).trackprice (input bool) If true then a horizontal price
line will be shown at the level of the last indicator value. Default is
false.histbase (input int/float) The price value used as the reference level when
rendering plot with [plot.style\_histogram](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_histogram),
[plot.style\_columns](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_columns) or [plot.style\_area](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_plot.style_area) style. Default is 0.0.offset (simple
int) Shifts the plot to the left or to the right on the given number of bars.
Default is 0.join (input bool) If true then plot points will be joined with line,
applicable only to [plot.style\_cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_plot.style_cross) and
[plot.style\_circles](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_plot.style_circles) styles. Default is false.editable (input bool) If true
then plot style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show\_last
(input int) Optional. The number of bars, counting backwards from the most recent
bar, on which the function can draw.display (input plot\_display) Controls where
the plot's information is displayed. Display options support addition and
subtraction, meaning that using `display.all - display.status_line` will display
the plot's information everywhere except in the script's status line.
`display.price_scale + display.status_line` will display the plot only in the price
scale and status line. When `display` arguments such as `display.price_scale` have
user-controlled chart settings equivalents, the relevant plot information will only
appear when all settings allow for it. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plot")
plot(high+low, title='Title', color=color.new(#00ffaa, 70), linewidth=2, style=plot
.style_area, offset=15, trackprice=true)

// You may fill the background between any two plots with a fill() function:
p1 = plot(open)
p2 = plot(close)
fill(p1, p2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))

```
ReturnsA plot object, that can be used in [fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_fill. See also:
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
[plotarrow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)
[barcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_barcolor)
[bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bgcolor)[fill]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_fill)

### plotarrow()
Plots up and down arrows on the chart. Up arrow is drawn at every indicator
positive value, down arrow is drawn at every negative value. If indicator returns
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) then no arrow is
drawn. Arrows has different height, the more absolute indicator value the longer
arrow is drawn.Syntax
```
plotarrow(series, title, colorup, colordown, offset, minheight, maxheight,
editable, show_last, display, format, precision, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of data to be plotted as arrows. Required
argument.title (const string) Title of the plot.colorup (series color) Color of the
up arrows. Optional argument.colordown (series color) Color of the down arrows.
Optional argument.offset (simple int) Shifts arrows to the left or to the right on
the given number of bars. Default is 0.minheight (input int) Minimal possible arrow
height in pixels. Default is 5.maxheight (input int) Maximum possible arrow height
in pixels. Default is 100.editable (input bool) If true then plotarrow style will
be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show\_last (input int) Optional. The
number of bars, counting backwards from the most recent bar, on which the function
can draw.display (input plot\_display) Controls where the plot's information is
displayed. Display options support addition and subtraction, meaning that using
`display.all - display.status_line` will display the plot's information everywhere
except in the script's status line. `display.price_scale + display.status_line`
will display the plot only in the price scale and status line. When `display`
arguments such as `display.price_scale` have user-controlled chart settings
equivalents, the relevant plot information will only appear when all settings allow
for it. Possible values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plotarrow example", overlay=true)
codiff = close - open
plotarrow(codiff, colorup=color.new(color.teal,40), colordown=color.new(color.orang
e, 40))

```
RemarksUse
[plotarrow](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)
function in conjunction with 'overlay=true'
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
parameter. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotchar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[barcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_barcolor)[bgcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bgcolor)

### plotbar()
Plots ohlc bars on the chart.Syntax
```
plotbar(open, high, low, close, title, color, editable, show_last, display, format,
precision, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentsopen (series int/float) Open series of data to be used as open values of
bars. Required argument.high (series int/float) High series of data to be used as
high values of bars. Required argument.low (series int/float) Low series of data to
be used as low values of bars. Required argument.close (series int/float) Close
series of data to be used as close values of bars. Required argument.title (const
string) Title of the plotbar. Optional argument.color (series color) Color of the
ohlc bars. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as well
as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'.
Optional argument.editable (const bool) If true then plotbar style will be editable
in Format dialog. Default is true.show\_last (input int) Optional. The number of
bars, counting backwards from the most recent bar, on which the function can
draw.display (input plot\_display) Controls where the plot's information is
displayed. Display options support addition and subtraction, meaning that using
`display.all - display.status_line` will display the plot's information everywhere
except in the script's status line. `display.price_scale + display.status_line`
will display the plot only in the price scale and status line. When `display`
arguments such as `display.price_scale` have user-controlled chart settings
equivalents, the relevant plot information will only appear when all settings allow
for it. Possible values: [display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plotbar example", overlay=true)
plotbar(open, high, low, close, title='Title', color = open < close ? color.green :
color.red)

```
RemarksEven if one value of open, high, low or close equal NaN then bar no draw.The
maximal value of open, high, low or close will be set as 'high', and the minimal
value will be set as 'low'. See also:
[plotcandle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotcandle)

### plotcandle()
Plots candles on the chart.Syntax
```
plotcandle(open, high, low, close, title, color, wickcolor, editable, show_last,
bordercolor, display, format, precision, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentsopen (series int/float) Open series of data to be used as open values of
candles. Required argument.high (series int/float) High series of data to be used
as high values of candles. Required argument.low (series int/float) Low series of
data to be used as low values of candles. Required argument.close (series
int/float) Close series of data to be used as close values of candles. Required
argument.title (const string) Title of the plotcandles. Optional argument.color
(series color) Color of the candles. You can use constants like 'color=color.red'
or 'color=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ?
color.green : color.red'. Optional argument.wickcolor (series color) The color of
the wick of candles. An optional argument.editable (const bool) If true then
plotcandle style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show\_last
(input int) Optional. The number of bars, counting backwards from the most recent
bar, on which the function can draw.bordercolor (series color) The border color of
candles. An optional argument.display (input plot\_display) Controls where the
plot's information is displayed. Display options support addition and subtraction,
meaning that using `display.all - display.status_line` will display the plot's
information everywhere except in the script's status line. `display.price_scale +
display.status_line` will display the plot only in the price scale and status line.
When `display` arguments such as `display.price_scale` have user-controlled chart
settings equivalents, the relevant plot information will only appear when all
settings allow for it. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plotcandle example", overlay=true)
plotcandle(open, high, low, close, title='Title', color = open < close ? color.gree
n : color.red, wickcolor=color.black)

```
RemarksEven if one value of open, high, low or close equal NaN then bar no draw.The
maximal value of open, high, low or close will be set as 'high', and the minimal
value will be set as 'low'. See also: [plotbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_plotbar)

### plotchar()
Plots visual shapes using any given one Unicode character on the chart.Syntax
```
plotchar(series, title, char, location, color, offset, text, textcolor, editable,
size, show_last, display, format, precision, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float/bool) Series of data to be plotted as shapes.
Series is treated as a series of boolean values for all location values except
[location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.absolute). Required argument.title (const string) Title of the
plot.char (input string) Character to use as a visual shape.location (input string)
Location of shapes on the chart. Possible values are:
[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar), [location.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_location.belowbar),
[location.top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.top), [location.bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.bottom),
[location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.absolute). Default value is
[location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar).color (series color) Color of the shapes. You can use
constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions
like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional argument.offset
(simple int) Shifts shapes to the left or to the right on the given number of bars.
Default is 0.text (const string) Text to display with the shape. You can use
multiline text, to separate lines use '\n' escape sequence. Example: 'line one\
nline two'.textcolor (series color) Color of the text. You can use constants like
'textcolor=color.red' or 'textcolor=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like
'textcolor = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional argument.editable
(const bool) If true then plotchar style will be editable in Format dialog. Default
is true.size (const string) Size of characters on the chart. Possible values are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny),
[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal), [size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.large),
[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge).
Default is
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto).
show\_last (input int) Optional. The number of bars, counting backwards from the
most recent bar, on which the function can draw.display (input plot\_display)
Controls where the plot's information is displayed. Display options support
addition and subtraction, meaning that using `display.all - display.status_line`
will display the plot's information everywhere except in the script's status line.
`display.price_scale + display.status_line` will display the plot only in the price
scale and status line. When `display` arguments such as `display.price_scale` have
user-controlled chart settings equivalents, the relevant plot information will only
appear when all settings allow for it. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plotchar example", overlay=true)
data = close >= open
plotchar(data, char='❄')

```
RemarksUse
[plotchar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)
function in conjunction with 'overlay=true'
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
parameter. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotshape]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)[plotarrow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[barcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_barcolor)[bgcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bgcolor)

### plotshape()
Plots visual shapes on the chart.Syntax
```
plotshape(series, title, style, location, color, offset, text, textcolor, editable,
size, show_last, display, format, precision, force_overlay) → void
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float/bool) Series of data to be plotted as shapes.
Series is treated as a series of boolean values for all location values except
[location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.absolute). Required argument.title (const string) Title of the
plot.style (input string) Type of plot. Possible values are: [shape.xcross]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_shape.xcross),
[shape.cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.cross), [shape.triangleup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_shape.triangleup),
[shape.triangledown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.triangledown), [shape.flag](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_shape.flag), [shape.circle](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_shape.circle),
[shape.arrowup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.arrowup), [shape.arrowdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_shape.arrowdown),
[shape.labelup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.labelup), [shape.labeldown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_shape.labeldown),
[shape.square](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.square), [shape.diamond](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_shape.diamond). Default value is
[shape.xcross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_shape.xcross).location (input string) Location of shapes on the chart.
Possible values are: [location.abovebar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.abovebar),
[location.belowbar](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.belowbar), [location.top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_location.top),
[location.bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.bottom), [location.absolute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_location.absolute). Default value is [location.abovebar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_location.abovebar).color (series color) Color of the shapes. You can use
constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions
like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional argument.offset
(simple int) Shifts shapes to the left or to the right on the given number of bars.
Default is 0.text (const string) Text to display with the shape. You can use
multiline text, to separate lines use '\n' escape sequence. Example: 'line one\
nline two'.textcolor (series color) Color of the text. You can use constants like
'textcolor=color.red' or 'textcolor=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like
'textcolor = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional argument.editable
(const bool) If true then plotshape style will be editable in Format dialog.
Default is true.size (const string) Size of shapes on the chart. Possible values
are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny),
[size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal), [size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_size.large),
[size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.huge).
Default is
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto).
show\_last (input int) Optional. The number of bars, counting backwards from the
most recent bar, on which the function can draw.display (input plot\_display)
Controls where the plot's information is displayed. Display options support
addition and subtraction, meaning that using `display.all - display.status_line`
will display the plot's information everywhere except in the script's status line.
`display.price_scale + display.status_line` will display the plot only in the price
scale and status line. When `display` arguments such as `display.price_scale` have
user-controlled chart settings equivalents, the relevant plot information will only
appear when all settings allow for it. Possible values:
[display.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.none), [display.pane](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.pane),
[display.data\_window](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.data_window),
[display.price\_scale](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.price_scale),
[display.status\_line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.status_line), [display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_display.all). Optional. The default is
[display.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_display.all).format (input string) Determines whether the script formats the
plot's values as prices, percentages, or volume values. The argument passed to this
parameter supersedes the `format` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator),
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. Optional. The default is the `format` value used by the [indicator]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.
Possible values:
[format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume).precision (input int) The number of digits after the decimal
point the plot's values show on the chart pane's y-axis, the script's status line,
and the Data Window. Accepts a non-negative integer less than or equal to 16. The
argument passed to this parameter supersedes the `precision` parameter of the
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
and [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
functions. When the function's `format` parameter uses
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), the `precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the
decimal precision rules defined by
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
the `precision` value used by the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)/[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) function.force\_overlay (const bool) If [true]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the plotted
results will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("plotshape example 1", overlay=true)
data = close >= open
plotshape(data, style=shape.xcross)

```
RemarksUse
[plotshape](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotshape)
function in conjunction with 'overlay=true'
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
parameter. See also:
[plot](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plot)[plotchar]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotchar)[plotarrow]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_plotarrow)[barcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_barcolor)[bgcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bgcolor)

### polyline.delete()
Deletes the specified [polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_polyline) object. It has no effect if the `id` doesn't
exist.Syntax
```
polyline.delete(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series polyline) The polyline ID to delete.
### polyline.new()

Creates a new
[polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_polyline)
instance and displays it on the chart, sequentially connecting all of the points in
the `points` array with line segments. The segments in the drawing can be straight
or curved depending on the `curved` parameter.Syntax
```
polyline.new(points, curved, closed, xloc, line_color, fill_color, line_style,
line_width, force_overlay) → series polyline
```
Argumentspoints (array<chart.point>) An array of
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) objects for the drawing to sequentially connect.curved (series
bool) If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true),
the drawing will connect all points from the `points` array using curved line
segments. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false).closed (series bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will also connect the first point to the last point from the `points`
array, resulting in a closed polyline. Optional. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).xloc
(series string) Determines the field of the
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point) objects in the `points` array that the polyline will use for its
x-coordinates. If [xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_xloc.bar_index), the polyline will use the `index` field from
each point. If [xloc.bar\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_xloc.bar_time), it will use the `time` field. Optional. The default is
[xloc.bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_xloc.bar_index).line\_color (series color) The color of the line segments.
Optional. The default is [color.blue](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.blue).fill\_color (series color) The fill color of the
polyline. Optional. The default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na).line\_style (series string) The style of the polyline.
Possible values: [line.style\_solid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_line.style_solid),
[line.style\_dotted](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_dotted), [line.style\_dashed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_line.style_dashed),
[line.style\_arrow\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_left),
[line.style\_arrow\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_right),
[line.style\_arrow\_both](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_arrow_both). Optional. The default is [line.style\_solid]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_line.style_solid).line\_width (series int) The width of the line segments,
expressed in pixels. Optional. The default is 1.force\_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Polylines example", overlay = true)
//@variable If `true`, connects all points in the polyline with curved line segment
s.
bool curvedInput = input.bool(false, "Curve Polyline")
//@variable If `true`, connects the first point in the polyline to the last point.
bool closedInput = input.bool(true, "Close Polyline")
//@variable The color of the space filled by the polyline.
color fillcolor = input.color(color.new(color.blue, 90), "Fill Color")

// Time and price inputs for the polyline's points.

p1x = input.time(0, "p1", confirm = true, inline = "p1")
p1y = input.price(0, " ", confirm = true, inline = "p1")
p2x = input.time(0, "p2", confirm = true, inline = "p2")
p2y = input.price(0, " ", confirm = true, inline = "p2")
p3x = input.time(0, "p3", confirm = true, inline = "p3")
p3y = input.price(0, " ", confirm = true, inline = "p3")
p4x = input.time(0, "p4", confirm = true, inline = "p4")
p4y = input.price(0, " ", confirm = true, inline = "p4")
p5x = input.time(0, "p5", confirm = true, inline = "p5")
p5y = input.price(0, " ", confirm = true, inline = "p5")

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
//@variable An array of `chart.point` objects for the new polyline.
var points = array.new<chart.point>()
// Push new `chart.point` instances into the `points` array.
points.push(chart.point.from_time(p1x, p1y))
points.push(chart.point.from_time(p2x, p2y))
points.push(chart.point.from_time(p3x, p3y))
points.push(chart.point.from_time(p4x, p4y))
points.push(chart.point.from_time(p5x, p5y))
// Add labels for each `chart.point` in `points`.
l1p1 = label.new(points.get(0), text = "p1", xloc = xloc.bar_time, color = na)
l1p2 = label.new(points.get(1), text = "p2", xloc = xloc.bar_time, color = na)
l2p1 = label.new(points.get(2), text = "p3", xloc = xloc.bar_time, color = na)
l2p2 = label.new(points.get(3), text = "p4", xloc = xloc.bar_time, color = na)
// Create a new polyline that connects each `chart.point` in the `points` array
, starting from the first.
polyline.new(points, curved = curvedInput, closed = closedInput, fill_color = f
illcolor, xloc = xloc.bar_time)

```
ReturnsThe ID of a new polyline object that a script can use in other
`polyline.*()` functions. See also:
[chart.point.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_chart.point.new)

### request.currency\_rate()
Provides a daily rate that can be used to convert a value expressed in the `from`
currency to another in the `to` currency.Syntax
```
request.currency_rate(from, to, ignore_invalid_currency) → series float
```
Argumentsfrom (series string) The currency in which the value to be converted is
expressed. Possible values: a three-letter string with the [currency code in the
ISO 4217 format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217#Active_codes) (e.g. "USD"),
or one of the built-in variables that return currency codes, like
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency) or [currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USD).to (series string) The currency in which the
value is to be converted. Possible values: a three-letter string with the [currency
code in the ISO 4217 format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217#Active_codes)
(e.g. "USD"), or one of the built-in variables that return currency codes, like
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency) or [currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USD).ignore\_invalid\_currency (series bool)
Determines the behavior of the function if a conversion rate between the two
currencies cannot be calculated: if [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false), the script will halt and return a runtime error;
if [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Close in British Pounds")
rate = request.currency_rate(syminfo.currency, "GBP")
plot(close * rate)

```
RemarksIf `from` and `to` arguments are equal, function returns 1. Please note that
using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/).
### request.dividends()

Requests dividends data for the specified symbol.Syntax

```
request.dividends(ticker, field, gaps, lookahead, ignore_invalid_symbol, currency)
→ series float
```
Argumentsticker (series string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed with
a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL". Using [syminfo.ticker]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker) will
cause an error. Use [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid) instead.field (series string) Input string.
Possible values include: [dividends.net](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_dividends.net),
[dividends.gross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dividends.gross). Default value is
[dividends.gross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_dividends.gross).gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Merge strategy for the
requested data (requested data automatically merges with the main series OHLC
data). Possible values: [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on),
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off). [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on) - requested data is merged with
possible gaps ([na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
values). [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off) - requested data is merged continuously without gaps,
all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing values. Default value is
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off).lookahead (simple barmerge\_lookahead) Merge strategy for
the requested data position. Possible values:
[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_on),
[barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off). Default value is [barmerge.lookahead\_off]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off) starting from version 3. Note that behavour is the
same on real-time, and differs only on history.ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool)
An optional parameter. Determines the behavior of the function if the specified
symbol is not found: if false, the script will halt and return a runtime error; if
true, the function will return na and execution will continue. The default value is
false.currency (series string) Currency into which the symbol's currency-related
dividends values (e.g. [dividends.gross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_dividends.gross)) are to be converted. The conversion rate
depends on the previous daily value of a corresponding currency pair from the most
popular exchange. A spread symbol is used if no exchange provides the rate
directly. Possible values: a "string" representing a valid currency code (e.g.,
"USD" or "USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*` namespace (e.g.,
[currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USD) or [currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("request.dividends")
s1 = request.dividends("NASDAQ:BELFA")
plot(s1)
s2 = request.dividends("NASDAQ:BELFA", dividends.net, gaps=barmerge.gaps_on, lookah
ead=barmerge.lookahead_on)
plot(s2)

```
ReturnsRequested series, or n/a if there is no dividends data for the specified
symbol. See also: [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)[request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.splits)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### request.earnings()
Requests earnings data for the specified symbol.Syntax
```
request.earnings(ticker, field, gaps, lookahead, ignore_invalid_symbol, currency) →
series float
```
Argumentsticker (series string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed with
a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL". Using [syminfo.ticker]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker) will
cause an error. Use [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid) instead.field (series string) Input string.
Possible values include: [earnings.actual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_earnings.actual),
[earnings.estimate](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_earnings.estimate),
[earnings.standardized](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_earnings.standardized). Default value is
[earnings.actual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_earnings.actual).gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Merge strategy for the
requested data (requested data automatically merges with the main series OHLC
data). Possible values: [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on),
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off). [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on) - requested data is merged with
possible gaps ([na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
values). [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off) - requested data is merged continuously without gaps,
all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing values. Default value is
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off).lookahead (simple barmerge\_lookahead) Merge strategy for
the requested data position. Possible values:
[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_on),
[barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off). Default value is [barmerge.lookahead\_off]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off) starting from version 3. Note that behavour is the
same on real-time, and differs only on history.ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool)
An optional parameter. Determines the behavior of the function if the specified
symbol is not found: if false, the script will halt and return a runtime error; if
true, the function will return na and execution will continue. The default value is
false.currency (series string) Currency into which the symbol's currency-related
earnings values (e.g. [earnings.actual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_earnings.actual)) are to be converted. The conversion rate
depends on the previous daily value of a corresponding currency pair from the most
popular exchange. A spread symbol is used if no exchange provides the rate
directly. Possible values: a "string" representing a valid currency code (e.g.,
"USD" or "USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*` namespace (e.g.,
[currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USD) or [currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("request.earnings")
s1 = request.earnings("NASDAQ:BELFA")
plot(s1)
s2 = request.earnings("NASDAQ:BELFA", earnings.actual, gaps=barmerge.gaps_on, looka
head=barmerge.lookahead_on)
plot(s2)

```
ReturnsRequested series, or n/a if there is no earnings data for the specified
symbol. See also: [request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.dividends)[request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.splits)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### request.economic()
Requests economic data for a symbol. Economic data includes information such as the
state of a country's economy (GDP, inflation rate, etc.) or of a particular
industry (steel production, ICU beds, etc.).Syntax
```
request.economic(country_code, field, gaps, ignore_invalid_symbol) → series float
```
Argumentscountry\_code (series string) The code of the country (e.g. "US") or the
region (e.g. "EU") for which the economic data is requested. The [Help Center
article](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000665359) lists the
countries and their codes. The countries for which information is available vary
with metrics. The [Help Center article for each
metric](https://www.tradingview.com/support/folders/43000581956-list-of-available-
economic-indicators/) lists the countries for which the metric is available.field
(series string) The code of the requested economic metric (e.g., "GDP"). The [Help
Center article](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000665359) lists the
metrics and their codes.gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Specifies how the returned
values are merged on chart bars. Possible values:
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off), [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on). With
[barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_on), a value only appears on the current chart bar when it
first becomes available from the function's context, otherwise
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) is returned
(thus a "gap" occurs). With [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off), what would otherwise be gaps are
filled with the latest known value returned, avoiding
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) values.
Optional. The default is [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off).ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool)
Determines the behavior of the function if the specified symbol is not found: if
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), the
script will halt and return a runtime error; if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("US GDP")
e = request.economic("US", "GDP")
plot(e)

```
ReturnsRequested series.RemarksEconomic data can also be accessed from charts, just
like a regular symbol. Use "ECONOMIC" as the exchange name and `{country_code}
{field}` as the ticker. The name of US GDP data is thus "ECONOMIC:USGDP". See also:
[request.financial](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.financial)

### request.financial()
Requests financial series for symbol.Syntax
```
request.financial(symbol, financial_id, period, gaps, ignore_invalid_symbol,
currency) → series float
```
Argumentssymbol (series string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed with
a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL".financial\_id (series
string) Financial identifier. You can find the list of available ids via our [Help
Center](https://www.tradingview.com/?solution=43000564727).period (series string)
Reporting period. Possible values are "TTM", "FY", "FQ", "FH", "D".gaps (simple
barmerge\_gaps) Merge strategy for the requested data (requested data automatically
merges with the main series: OHLC data). Possible values include: [barmerge.gaps\
_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on),
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off). [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on) - requested data is merged with
possible gaps ([na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
values). [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off) - requested data is merged continuously without gaps,
all the gaps are filled with the previous, nearest existing values. Default value
is [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off).ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool) An optional
parameter. Determines the behavior of the function if the specified symbol is not
found: if false, the script will halt and return a runtime error; if true, the
function will return na and execution will continue. The default value is
false.currency (series string) Optional. Currency into which the symbol's financial
metrics (e.g. Net Income) are to be converted. The conversion rate depends on the
previous daily value of a corresponding currency pair from the most popular
exchange. A spread symbol is used if no exchange provides the rate directly.
Possible values: a "string" representing a valid currency code (e.g., "USD" or
"USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*` namespace (e.g., [currency.USD]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_currency.USD) or
[currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("request.financial")
f = request.financial("NASDAQ:MSFT", "ACCOUNTS_PAYABLE", "FY")
plot(f)

```
ReturnsRequested series. See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### request.quandl()
*Note:* This function has been deprecated due to the API change from NASDAQ Data
Link. Requests for "QUANDL" symbols are no longer valid and requests for them
return a runtime error.Some of the data previously provided by this function is
available on TradingView through other feeds, such as "BCHAIN" or "FRED". Use
Symbol Search to look for such data based on its description. Commitment of Traders
(COT) data can be requested using the official
[LibraryCOT](https://www.tradingview.com/v/ysFf2OTq/) library.Requests [Nasdaq Data
Link](https://data.nasdaq.com/) (formerly Quandl) data for a symbol.Syntax
```
request.quandl(ticker, gaps, index, ignore_invalid_symbol) → series float
```
Argumentsticker (series string) Symbol. Note that the name of a time series and
Quandl data feed should be divided by a forward slash. For example: "CFTC/SB\_FO\
_ALL".gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Merge strategy for the requested data (requested
data automatically merges with the main series: OHLC data). Possible values
include: [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_on), [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off).
[barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_on) - requested data is merged with possible gaps ([na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) values).
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off) - requested data is merged continuously without gaps, all
the gaps are filled with the previous, nearest existing values. Default value is
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off).index (series int) A Quandl time-series column
index.ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool) An optional parameter. Determines the
behavior of the function if the specified symbol is not found: if false, the script
will halt and return a runtime error; if true, the function will return na and
execution will continue. The default value is false.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("request.quandl")
f = request.quandl("CFTC/SB_FO_ALL", barmerge.gaps_off, 0)
plot(f)

```
ReturnsRequested series.RemarksYou can learn more about how to find ticker and
index values in our [Help Center](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?
solution=43000568613). See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### request.security()
Requests the result of an expression from a specified context (symbol and
timeframe).Syntax
```
request.security(symbol, timeframe, expression, gaps, lookahead,
ignore_invalid_symbol, currency, calc_bars_count) → series <type>
```
Argumentssymbol (series string) Symbol or ticker identifier of the requested data.
Use an empty string or [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid) to request data using the chart's symbol. To
retrieve data with additional modifiers (extended sessions, dividend adjustments,
non-standard chart types like Heikin Ashi and Renko, etc.), create a custom ticker
ID for the request using the functions in the `ticker.*` namespace.timeframe
(series string) Timeframe of the requested data. Use an empty string or
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period) to request data from the chart's timeframe or the
`timeframe` specified in the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_indicator) function. To request data from a different timeframe,
supply a valid timeframe string. See [here](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-docs/concepts/timeframes/#timeframe-string-specifications) to learn about
specifying timeframe strings.expression (variable, function, object, array, matrix,
or map of series int/float/bool/string/color/enum, or a tuple of these) The
expression to calculate and return from the requested context. It can accept a
built-in variable like
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close), a user-
defined variable, an expression such as `ta.change(close) / (high - low)`, a
function call that does not use Pine Script® drawings, an
[object](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/objects/), a
[collection](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#collections), or a tuple of expressions.gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Specifies how
the returned values are merged on chart bars. Possible values: [barmerge.gaps\_on]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on),
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off). With
[barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_on) a value only appears on the current chart bar when it
first becomes available from the function's context, otherwise
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) is returned
(thus a "gap" occurs). With [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off) what would otherwise be gaps are
filled with the latest known value returned, avoiding
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) values.
Optional. The default is [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off).lookahead (simple barmerge\
_lookahead) On historical bars only, returns data from the timeframe before it
elapses. Possible values:
[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_on),
[barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off). Has no effect on realtime values. Optional. The
default is [barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_barmerge.lookahead_off) starting from Pine Script® v3. The
default is [barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_barmerge.lookahead_on) in v1 and v2. WARNING: Using
[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_on) at timeframes higher than the chart's without
offsetting the `expression` argument like in `close[1]` will introduce future leak
in scripts, as the function will then return the `close` price before it is
actually known in the current context. As is explained in the User Manual's page on
[Repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/
#future-leak-with-request-security) this will produce misleading results.ignore\
_invalid\_symbol (input bool) Determines the behavior of the function if the
specified symbol is not found: if [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), the script will halt and throw a runtime error; if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).currency (series string) Optional. Specifies the
target currency for converting values expressed in currency units (e.g., [open]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open),
[high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high), [low]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low),
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)) or
expressions involving such values. Literal values such as `200` are not converted.
The conversion rate for monetary values depends on the previous daily value of a
corresponding currency pair from the most popular exchange. A spread symbol is used
if no exchange provides the rate directly. Possible values: a "string" representing
a valid currency code (e.g., "USD" or "USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*`
namespace (e.g.,
[currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USD) or [currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).calc\_bars\_count (simple int) If specified, the function
will only request this number of values from the end of the symbol's history and
calculate `expression` as if these values are the only available data, which might
improve calculation speed in some cases. Optional. The default is 100,000, which is
the limit for all non-professional TradingView plans.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Simple `request.security()` calls")
// Returns 1D close of the current symbol.
dailyClose = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D", close)
plot(dailyClose)

// Returns the close of "AAPL" from the same timeframe as currently open on the cha
rt.
aaplClose = request.security("AAPL", timeframe.period, close)
plot(aaplClose)
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Advanced `request.security()` calls")
// This calculates a 10-period moving average on the active chart.
sma = ta.sma(close, 10)
// This sends the `sma` calculation for execution in the context of the "AAPL" symb
ol at a "240" (4 hours) timeframe.
aaplSma = request.security("AAPL", "240", sma)
plot(aaplSma)

// To avoid differences on historical and realtime bars, you can use this technique
, which only returns a value from the higher timeframe on the bar after it complete
s:
indexHighTF = barstate.isrealtime ? 1 : 0
indexCurrTF = barstate.isrealtime ? 0 : 1
nonRepaintingClose = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D", close[indexHighTF])
[indexCurrTF]
plot(nonRepaintingClose, "Non-repainting close")

// Returns the 1H close of "AAPL", extended session included. The value is dividend
-adjusted.
extendedTicker = ticker.modify("NASDAQ:AAPL", session = session.extended, adjustmen
t = adjustment.dividends)
aaplExtAdj = request.security(extendedTicker, "60", close)
plot(aaplExtAdj)

// Returns the result of a user-defined function.

// The `max` variable is mutable, but we can pass it to `request.security()` becaus
e it is wrapped in a function.
allTimeHigh(source) =>
var max = source
max := math.max(max, source)
allTimeHigh1D = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D", allTimeHigh(high))

// By using a tuple `expression`, we obtain several values with only one `request.s
ecurity()` call.
[open1D, high1D, low1D, close1D, ema1D] = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D",
[open, high, low, close, ta.ema(close, 10)])
plotcandle(open1D, high1D, low1D, close1D)
plot(ema1D)

// Returns an array containing the OHLC values of the chart's symbol from the 1D ti
meframe.
ohlcArray = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D", array.from(open, high, low, cl
ose))
plotcandle(array.get(ohlcArray, 0), array.get(ohlcArray, 1), array.get(ohlcArray, 2
), array.get(ohlcArray, 3))

```
ReturnsA result determined by `expression`.RemarksScripts using this function might
calculate differently on historical and realtime bars, leading to [repainting]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/).A single script
can contain no more than 40 unique `request.*()` function calls. A call is unique
only if it does not call the same function with the same arguments.When using two
calls to a `request.*()` function to evaluate the same expression from the same
context with different `calc_bars_count` values, the second call requests the same
number of historical bars as the first. For example, if a script calls
`request.security("AAPL", "", close, calc_bars_count = 3)` after it calls
`request.security("AAPL", "", close, calc_bars_count = 5)`, the second call also
uses five bars of historical data, not three.The symbol of a `request.()` call can
be *inherited* if it is not specified precisely, i.e., if the `symbol` argument is
an empty string or [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid). Similarly, the timeframe of a `request.()`
call can be inherited if the `timeframe` argument is an empty string or
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period). These values are normally taken from the chart on which the
script is running. However, if `request.*()` function A is called from within the
expression of `request.*()` function B, then function A can inherit the values from
function B. See [here](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/other-
timeframes-and-data/#nested-requests) for more information. See also:
[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[ticker.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)[ticker.modify]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.modify)
[request.security\_lower\_tf](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_request.security_lower_tf)[request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.dividends)[request.earnings](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)[request.splits]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.splits)
[request.financial](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.financial)

### request.security\_lower\_tf()
Requests the results of an expression from a specified symbol on a timeframe lower
than or equal to the chart's timeframe. It returns an
[array](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_array)
containing one element for each lower-timeframe bar within the chart bar. On a 5-
minute chart, requesting data using a `timeframe` argument of "1" typically returns
an array with five elements representing the value of the `expression` on each 1-
minute bar, ordered by time with the earliest value first.Syntax
```
request.security_lower_tf(symbol, timeframe, expression, ignore_invalid_symbol,
currency, ignore_invalid_timeframe, calc_bars_count) → array<type>
```
Argumentssymbol (series string) Symbol or ticker identifier of the requested data.
Use an empty string or [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid) to request data using the chart's symbol. To
retrieve data with additional modifiers (extended sessions, dividend adjustments,
non-standard chart types like Heikin Ashi and Renko, etc.), create a custom ticker
ID for the request using the functions in the `ticker.*` namespace.timeframe
(series string) Timeframe of the requested data. Use an empty string or
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period) to request data from the chart's timeframe or the
`timeframe` specified in the [indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_indicator) function. To request data from a different timeframe,
supply a valid timeframe string. See [here](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-docs/concepts/timeframes/#timeframe-string-specifications) to learn about
specifying timeframe strings.expression (variable, object or function of series
int/float/bool/string/color/enum, or a tuple of these) The expression to calculate
and return from the requested context. It can accept a built-in variable like
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close), a user-
defined variable, an expression such as `ta.change(close) / (high - low)`, a
function call that does not use Pine Script® drawings, an
[object](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/objects/), or a
tuple of expressions.
[Collections](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#collections) are not allowed unless they are within the fields of an objectignore\
_invalid\_symbol (series bool) Determines the behavior of the function if the
specified symbol is not found: if [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), the script will halt and throw a runtime error; if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).currency (series string) Optional. Specifies the
target currency for converting values expressed in currency units (e.g., [open]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open),
[high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high), [low]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low),
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close)) or
expressions involving such values. Literal values such as `200` are not converted.
The conversion rate for monetary values depends on the previous daily value of a
corresponding currency pair from the most popular exchange. A spread symbol is used
if no exchange provides the rate directly. Possible values: a "string" representing
a valid currency code (e.g., "USD" or "USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*`
namespace (e.g.,
[currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USD) or [currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).ignore\_invalid\_timeframe (series bool) Determines the
behavior of the function when the chart's timeframe is smaller than the `timeframe`
used in the function call. If [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), the script will halt and throw a runtime error. If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).calc\_bars\_count (simple int) If specified, the
function will only request this number of values from the end of the symbol's
history and calculate `expression` as if these values are the only available data,
which might improve calculation speed in some cases. Optional. The default is
100,000, which is the limit for all non-professional TradingView plans.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`request.security_lower_tf()` Example", overlay = true)

// If the current chart timeframe is set to 120 minutes, then the `arrayClose` arra
y will contain two 'close' values from the 60 minute timeframe for each bar.
arrClose = request.security_lower_tf(syminfo.tickerid, "60", close)

if bar_index == last_bar_index - 1
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(arrClose))

```
ReturnsAn array of a type determined by `expression`, or a tuple of
these.RemarksScripts using this function might calculate differently on historical
and realtime bars, leading to [repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
docs/concepts/repainting/).Please note that spreads (e.g., "AAPL+MSFT\*TSLA") do
not always return reliable data with this function.A single script can contain no
more than 40 unique `request.*()` function calls. A call is unique only if it does
not call the same function with the same arguments.When using two calls to a
`request.*()` function to evaluate the same expression from the same context with
different `calc_bars_count` values, the second call requests the same number of
historical bars as the first. For example, if a script calls
`request.security("AAPL", "", close, calc_bars_count = 3)` after it calls
`request.security("AAPL", "", close, calc_bars_count = 5)`, the second call also
uses five bars of historical data, not three.The symbol of a `request.()` call can
be *inherited* if it is not specified precisely, i.e., if the `symbol` argument is
an empty string or [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid). Similarly, the timeframe of a `request.()`
call can be inherited if the `timeframe` argument is an empty string or
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period). These values are normally taken from the chart that the
script is running on. However, if `request.*()` function A is called from within
the expression of `request.*()` function B, then function A can inherit the values
from function B. See
[here](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/other-timeframes-and-
data/#nested-requests) for more information. See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[timeframe.period](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
[request.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.dividends)[request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)[request.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.splits)[request.financial](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.financial)

### request.seed()
Requests data from a user-maintained GitHub repository and returns it as a series.
An in-depth tutorial on how to add new data can be found
[here](https://github.com/tradingview-eod/pine-seeds-docs).Syntax
```
request.seed(source, symbol, expression, ignore_invalid_symbol, calc_bars_count) →
series <type>
```
Argumentssource (series string) Name of the GitHub repository.symbol (series
string) Name of the file in the GitHub repository containing the data. The ".csv"
file extension must not be included.expression (<arg\_expr\_type>) An expression to
be calculated and returned from the requested symbol's context. It can be a built-
in variable like
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close), an
expression such as `ta.sma(close, 100)`, a non-mutable variable previously
calculated in the script, a function call that does not use Pine Script® drawings,
an array, a matrix, or a tuple. Mutable variables are not allowed, unless they are
enclosed in the body of a function used in the expression.ignore\_invalid\_symbol
(input bool) Determines the behavior of the function if the specified symbol is not
found: if
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), the
script will halt and throw a runtime error; if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function will return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) and execution
will continue. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).calc\_bars\_count (simple int) If specified, the
function will only request this number of values from the end of the symbol's
history and calculate `expression` as if these values are the only available data,
which might improve calculation speed in some cases. Optional. The default is
100,000, which is the limit for all non-professional TradingView plans.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("BTC Development Activity")

[devAct, devActSMA] = request.seed("seed_crypto_santiment", "BTC_DEV_ACTIVITY", [cl

ose, ta.sma(close, 10)])

plot(devAct, "BTC Development Activity")

plot(devActSMA, "BTC Development Activity SMA10", color = color.yellow)

```
ReturnsRequested series or tuple of series, which may include array/matrix IDs.
### request.splits()

Requests splits data for the specified symbol.Syntax

```
request.splits(ticker, field, gaps, lookahead, ignore_invalid_symbol) → series
float
```
Argumentsticker (series string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed with
a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL". Using [syminfo.ticker]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker) will
cause an error. Use [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid) instead.field (series string) Input string.
Possible values include: [splits.denominator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_splits.denominator),
[splits.numerator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_splits.numerator).gaps (simple barmerge\_gaps) Merge strategy for the
requested data (requested data automatically merges with the main series OHLC
data). Possible values: [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on),
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off). [barmerge.gaps\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_on) - requested data is merged with
possible gaps ([na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
values). [barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_barmerge.gaps_off) - requested data is merged continuously without gaps,
all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing values. Default value is
[barmerge.gaps\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.gaps_off).lookahead (simple barmerge\_lookahead) Merge strategy for
the requested data position. Possible values:
[barmerge.lookahead\_on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_on),
[barmerge.lookahead\_off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off). Default value is [barmerge.lookahead\_off]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_barmerge.lookahead_off) starting from version 3. Note that behavour is the
same on real-time, and differs only on history.ignore\_invalid\_symbol (input bool)
An optional parameter. Determines the behavior of the function if the specified
symbol is not found: if false, the script will halt and return a runtime error; if
true, the function will return na and execution will continue. The default value is
false.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("request.splits")
s1 = request.splits("NASDAQ:BELFA", splits.denominator)
plot(s1)
s2 = request.splits("NASDAQ:BELFA", splits.denominator, gaps=barmerge.gaps_on, look
ahead=barmerge.lookahead_on)
plot(s2)

```
ReturnsRequested series, or n/a if there is no splits data for the specified
symbol. See also: [request.earnings](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_request.earnings)[request.dividends](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.dividends)
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)

### runtime.error()
When called, causes a runtime error with the error message specified in the
`message` argument.Syntax
```
runtime.error(message) → void
```
Argumentsmessage (series string) Error message.
### second()

2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```

second(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second-0)[```
second(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsSecond (in exchange
timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds
that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[second](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_second)[time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)

### str.contains()
3 overloadsReturns true if the `source` string contains the `str` substring, false
otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.contains(source, str) → const bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.contains-0)[```
str.contains(source, str) → simple bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.contains-1)[```
str.contains(source, str) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.contains-
2)Argumentssource (const string) Source string.str (const string) The substring to
search for.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.contains")
// If the current chart is a continuous futures chart, e.g “BTC1!”, then the functi
on will return true, false otherwise.
var isFutures = str.contains(syminfo.tickerid, "!")
plot(isFutures ? 1 : 0)

```
ReturnsTrue if the `str` was found in the `source` string, false otherwise. See
also: [str.pos](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.pos)
[str.match](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.match)

### str.endswith()
3 overloadsReturns true if the `source` string ends with the substring specified in
`str`, false otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.endswith(source, str) → const bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.endswith-0)[```
str.endswith(source, str) → simple bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.endswith-1)[```
str.endswith(source, str) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.endswith-
2)Argumentssource (const string) Source string.str (const string) The substring to
search for.ReturnsTrue if the `source` string ends with the substring specified in
`str`, false otherwise. See also:
[str.startswith](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.startswith)

### str.format()
2 overloadsConverts the formatting string and value(s) into a formatted string. The
formatting string can contain literal text and one placeholder in curly braces {}
for each value to be formatted. Each placeholder consists of the index of the
required argument (beginning at 0) that will replace it, and an optional format
specifier. The index represents the position of that argument in the str.format
argument list.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.format(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format-0)[```
str.format(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format-
1)ArgumentsformatString (simple string) Format string.arg0, arg1, ... (simple
int/float/bool/string) Values to format.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.format", overlay=true)
// The format specifier inside the curly braces accepts certain modifiers:
// - Specify the number of decimals to display:
s1 = str.format("{0,number,#.#}", 1.34) // returns: 1.3
label.new(bar_index, close, text=s1)
// - Round a float value to an integer:
s2 = str.format("{0,number,integer}", 1.34) // returns: 1
label.new(bar_index - 1, close, text=s2)
// - Display a number in currency:
s3 = str.format("{0,number,currency}", 1.34) // returns: $1.34
label.new(bar_index - 2, close, text=s3)
// - Display a number as a percentage:
s4 = str.format("{0,number,percent}", 0.5) // returns: 50%
label.new(bar_index - 3, close, text=s4)
// EXAMPLES WITH SEVERAL ARGUMENTS
// returns: Number 1 is not equal to 4
s5 = str.format("Number {0} is not {1} to {2}", 1, "equal", 4)
label.new(bar_index - 4, close, text=s5)
// returns: 1.34 != 1.3
s6 = str.format("{0} != {0, number, #.#}", 1.34)
label.new(bar_index - 5, close, text=s6)
// returns: 1 is equal to 1, but 2 is equal to 2
s7 = str.format("{0, number, integer} is equal to 1, but {1, number, integer} is eq
ual to 2", 1.34, 1.52)
label.new(bar_index - 6, close, text=s7)
// returns: The cash turnover amounted to $1,340,000.00
s8 = str.format("The cash turnover amounted to {0, number, currency}", 1340000)
label.new(bar_index - 7, close, text=s8)
// returns: Expected return is 10% - 20%
s9 = str.format("Expected return is {0, number, percent} - {1, number, percent}", 0
.1, 0.2)
label.new(bar_index - 8, close, text=s9)

```
ReturnsThe formatted string.RemarksBy default, formatted numbers will display up to
three decimals with no trailing zeros.The string used as the `formatString`
argument can contain single quote characters ('). However, one must pair all single
quotes in that string to avoid unexpected formatting results.Any curly braces
within an unquoted pattern must be balanced. For example, "ab {0} de" and "ab '}'
de" are valid patterns, but "ab {0'}' de", "ab } de" and "''{''" are not.
### str.format\_time()

Converts the `time` timestamp into a string formatted according to `format` and
`timezone`.Syntax
```
str.format_time(time, format, timezone) → series string
```
Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time, in milliseconds.format (series string) A
format string specifying the date/time representation of the `time` in the returned
string. All letters used in the string, except those escaped by single quotation
marks `'`, are considered formatting tokens and will be used as a formatting
instruction. Refer to the Remarks section for a list of the most useful tokens.
Optional. The default is "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ", which represents the ISO 8601
standard.timezone (series string) Allows adjusting the returned value to a time
zone specified in either UTC/GMT notation (e.g., "UTC-5", "GMT+0530") or as an
[IANA time zone database
name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones) (e.g.,
"America/New\_York"). Optional. The default is
[syminfo.timezone](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.timezone).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.format_time")
if timeframe.change("1D")
formattedTime = str.format_time(time, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", syminfo.timezone)
label.new(bar_index, high, formattedTime)

```
ReturnsThe formatted string.RemarksThe `M`, `d`, `h`, `H`, `m` and `s` tokens can
all be doubled to generate leading zeros. For example, the month of January will
display as `1` with `M`, or `01` with `MM`.The most frequently used formatting
tokens are:y - Year. Use `yy` to output the last two digits of the year or `yyyy`
to output all four. Year 2000 will be `00` with `yy` or `2000` with `yyyy`.M -
Month. Not to be confused with lowercase `m`, which stands for minute.d - Day of
the month.a - AM/PM postfix.h - Hour in the 12-hour format. The last hour of the
day will be `11` in this format.H - Hour in the 24-hour format. The last hour of
the day will be `23` in this format.m - Minute.s - Second.S - Fractions of a
second.Z - Timezone, the HHmm offset from UTC, preceded by either `+` or `-`.
### str.length()

3 overloadsReturns an integer corresponding to the amount of chars in that

string.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.length(string) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.length-0)[```
str.length(string) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.length-1)[```
str.length(string) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.length-
2)Argumentsstring (const string) Source string.ReturnsThe number of chars in source
string.
### str.lower()

3 overloadsReturns a new string with all letters converted to lowercase.Syntax &

Overloads[```
str.lower(source) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.lower-0)[```
str.lower(source) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.lower-1)[```
str.lower(source) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.lower-
2)Argumentssource (const string) String to be converted.ReturnsA new string with
all letters converted to lowercase. See also:
[str.upper](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.upper)

### str.match()
2 overloadsReturns the new substring of the `source` string if it matches a `regex`
regular expression, an empty string otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.match(source, regex) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.match-0)[```
str.match(source, regex) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.match-
1)Argumentssource (simple string) Source string.regex (simple string) The regular
expression to which this string is to be matched.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.match")

s = input.string("It's time to sell some NASDAQ:AAPL!")

// finding first substring that matches regular expression "[\w]+:[\w]+"

var string tickerid = str.match(s, "[\\w]+:[\\w]+")

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, text = tickerid) // "NASDAQ:AAPL"

```
ReturnsThe new substring of the `source` string if it matches a `regex` regular
expression, an empty string otherwise.RemarksFunction returns first occurrence of
the [regular
expression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#Perl_and_PCRE) in the
`source` string.The backslash "\" symbol in the`regex` string needs to be escaped
with additional backslash, e.g. "\\d" stands for regular expression "\d". See also:
[str.contains](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.contains)[str.substring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.substring)

### str.pos()
3 overloadsReturns the position of the first occurrence of the `str` string in the
`source` string, 'na' otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.pos(source, str) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.pos-0)[```
str.pos(source, str) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.pos-1)[```
str.pos(source, str) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.pos-
2)Argumentssource (const string) Source string.str (const string) The substring to
search for.ReturnsPosition of the `str` string in the `source`
string.RemarksStrings indexing starts at 0. See also:
[str.contains](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.contains)[str.match](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_str.match)[str.substring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.substring)

### str.repeat()
4 overloadsConstructs a new string containing the `source` string repeated `repeat`
times with the `separator` injected between each repeated instance.Syntax &
Overloads[```
str.repeat(source, repeat, separator) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.repeat-0)[```
str.repeat(source, repeat, separator) → input string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.repeat-1)[```
str.repeat(source, repeat, separator) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.repeat-2)[```
str.repeat(source, repeat, separator) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.repeat-
3)Argumentssource (const string) String to repeat.repeat (const int) Number of
times to repeat the `source` string. Must be greater than or equal to 0.separator
(const string) String to inject between repeated values. Optional. The default is
empty string.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.repeat")
repeat = str.repeat("?", 3, ",") // Returns "?,?,?"
label.new(bar_index,close,repeat)

```
RemarksReturns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
if the `source` is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).
### str.replace()

3 overloadsReturns a new string with the Nth occurrence of the `target` string
replaced by the `replacement` string, where N is specified in `occurrence`.Syntax &
Overloads[```
str.replace(source, target, replacement, occurrence) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.replace-0)[```
str.replace(source, target, replacement, occurrence) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.replace-1)[```
str.replace(source, target, replacement, occurrence) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.replace-
2)Argumentssource (const string) Source string.target (const string) String to be
replaced.replacement (const string) String to be inserted instead of the target
string.occurrence (const int) N-th occurrence of the target string to replace.
Indexing starts at 0 for the first match. Optional. Default value is 0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.replace")
var source = "FTX:BTCUSD / FTX:BTCEUR"

// Replace first occurrence of "FTX" with "BINANCE" replacement string

var newSource = str.replace(source, "FTX", "BINANCE", 0)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
// Display "BINANCE:BTCUSD / FTX:BTCEUR"
 label.new(bar_index, high, text = newSource)

```
ReturnsProcessed string. See also:
[str.replace\_all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.replace_all)[str.match](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.match)

### str.replace\_all()
2 overloadsReplaces each occurrence of the target string in the source string with
the replacement string.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.replace_all(source, target, replacement) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.replace_all-0)
[```
str.replace_all(source, target, replacement) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.replace_all-
1)Argumentssource (simple string) Source string.target (simple string) String to be
replaced.replacement (simple string) String to be substituted for each occurrence
of target string.ReturnsProcessed string.
### str.split()

Divides a string into an array of substrings and returns its array id.Syntax
```
str.split(string, separator) → array<string>
```
Argumentsstring (series string) Source string.separator (series string) The string
separating each substring.ReturnsThe id of an array of strings.
### str.startswith()

3 overloadsReturns true if the `source` string starts with the substring specified
in `str`, false otherwise.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.startswith(source, str) → const bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.startswith-0)
[```
str.startswith(source, str) → simple bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.startswith-1)
[```
str.startswith(source, str) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.startswith-
2)Argumentssource (const string) Source string.str (const string) The substring to
search for.ReturnsTrue if the `source` string starts with the substring specified
in `str`, false otherwise. See also:
[str.endswith](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.endswith)

### str.substring()
6 overloadsReturns a new string that is a substring of the `source` string. The
substring begins with the character at the index specified by `begin_pos` and
extends to 'end\_pos - 1' of the `source` string.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-0)[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-1)[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-2)[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos, end_pos) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-3)[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos, end_pos) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-4)[```
str.substring(source, begin_pos, end_pos) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.substring-
5)Argumentssource (const string) Source string from which to extract the
substring.begin\_pos (const int) The beginning position of the extracted substring.
It is inclusive (the extracted substring includes the character at that
position).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.substring", overlay = true)
sym= input.symbol("NASDAQ:AAPL")
pos = str.pos(sym, ":") // Get position of ":" character
tkr= str.substring(sym, pos+1) // "AAPL"
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, text = tkr)

```
ReturnsThe substring extracted from the source string.RemarksStrings indexing
starts from 0. If `begin_pos` is equal to `end_pos`, the function returns an empty
string. See also: [str.contains](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.contains)[str.pos](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.pos)[str.match](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_str.match)

### str.tonumber()
4 overloadsConverts a value represented in `string` to its "float"
equivalent.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.tonumber(string) → const float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tonumber-0)[```
str.tonumber(string) → input float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tonumber-1)[```
str.tonumber(string) → simple float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tonumber-2)[```
str.tonumber(string) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tonumber-
3)Argumentsstring (const string) String containing the representation of an integer
or floating point value.ReturnsA "float" equivalent of the value in `string`. If
the value is not a properly formed integer or floating point value, the function
returns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).
### str.tostring()

4 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```

str.tostring(value, format) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring-0)[```
str.tostring(value, format) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring-1)[```
str.tostring(value) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring-2)[```
str.tostring(value) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring-
3)Argumentsvalue (simple int/float) Value or array ID whose elements are converted
to a string.format (simple string) Format string. Accepts these format.\*
constants: [format.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.mintick), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume). Optional. The default value is '#.##########'.ReturnsThe
string representation of the `value` argument.If the `value` argument is a string,
it is returned as is.When the `value` is na, the function returns the string
"NaN".RemarksThe formatting of float values will also round those values when
necessary, e.g. str.tostring(3.99, '#') will return "4".To display trailing zeros,
use '0' instead of '#'. For example, '#.000'.When using
[format.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.mintick), the value will be rounded to the nearest number that can be
divided by [syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.mintick) without the remainder. The string is returned with trailing
zeros.If the x argument is a string, the same string value will be returned.Bool
type arguments return "true" or "false".When x is na, the function returns "NaN".
### str.trim()

4 overloadsConstructs a new string with all consecutive whitespaces and other

control characters (e.g., “\n”, “\t”, etc.) removed from the left and right of the
`source`.Syntax & Overloads[```
str.trim(source) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.trim-0)[```
str.trim(source) → input string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.trim-1)[```
str.trim(source) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.trim-2)[```
str.trim(source) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.trim-
3)Argumentssource (const string) String to trim.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("str.trim")
trim = str.trim(" abc ") // Returns "abc"
label.new(bar_index,close,trim)

```
RemarksReturns an empty string ("") if the result is empty after the trim or if the
`source` is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).
### str.upper()

3 overloadsReturns a new string with all letters converted to uppercase.Syntax &

Overloads[```
str.upper(source) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.upper-0)[```
str.upper(source) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.upper-1)[```
str.upper(source) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.upper-
2)Argumentssource (const string) String to be converted.ReturnsA new string with
all letters converted to uppercase. See also:
[str.lower](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.lower)

### strategy()
This declaration statement designates the script as a strategy and sets a number of
strategy-related properties.Syntax
```
strategy(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, pyramiding,
calc_on_order_fills, calc_on_every_tick, max_bars_back,
backtest_fill_limits_assumption, default_qty_type, default_qty_value,
initial_capital, currency, slippage, commission_type, commission_value,
process_orders_on_close, close_entries_rule, margin_long, margin_short,
explicit_plot_zorder, max_lines_count, max_labels_count, max_boxes_count,
calc_bars_count, risk_free_rate, use_bar_magnifier, fill_orders_on_standard_ohlc,
max_polylines_count, dynamic_requests, behind_chart) → void
```
Argumentstitle (const string) The title of the script. It is displayed on the chart
when no `shorttitle` argument is used, and becomes the publication's default title
when publishing the script.shorttitle (const string) The script's display name on
charts. If specified, it will replace the `title` argument in most chart-related
windows. Optional. The default is the argument used for `title`.overlay (const
bool) If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true),
the strategy will be displayed over the chart. If
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), it will
be added in a separate pane. Strategy-specific labels that display entries and
exits will be displayed over the main chart regardless of this setting. Optional.
The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).format
(const string) Specifies the formatting of the script's displayed values. Possible
values: [format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit), [format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.price),
[format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume), [format.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_format.percent). Optional. The default is [format.inherit]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit).precision (const int) Specifies the number of digits after
the floating point of the script's displayed values. Must be a non-negative integer
no greater than 16. If `format` is set to
[format.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.inherit) and `precision` is specified, the format will instead be set
to [format.price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.price). When the function's `format` parameter uses [format.volume]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_format.volume), the
`precision` parameter will not affect the result, as the decimal precision rules
defined by [format.volume](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_format.volume) supersede other precision settings. Optional. The default is
inherited from the precision of the chart's symbol.scale (const scale\_type) The
price scale used. Possible values: [scale.right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_scale.right),
[scale.left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_scale.left), [scale.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_scale.none). The [scale.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_scale.none) value can only be applied in combination
with `overlay = true`. Optional. By default, the script uses the same scale as the
chart.pyramiding (const int) The maximum number of entries allowed in the same
direction. If the value is 0, only one entry order in the same direction can be
opened, and additional entry orders are rejected. This setting can also be changed
in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is 0.calc\_on\
_order\_fills (const bool) Specifies whether the strategy should be recalculated
after an order is filled. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true), the strategy recalculates after an order is filled, as
opposed to recalculating only when the bar closes. This setting can also be changed
in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).calc\_on\
_every\_tick (const bool) Specifies whether the strategy should be recalculated on
each realtime tick. If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), when the
strategy is running on a realtime bar, it will recalculate on each chart update. If
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), the
strategy only calculates when the realtime bar closes. The argument used does not
affect strategy calculation on historical data. This setting can also be changed in
the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).max\_bars\_back
(const int) The length of the historical buffer the script keeps for every variable
and function, which determines how many past values can be referenced using the
`[]` history-referencing operator. The required buffer size is automatically
detected by the Pine Script® runtime. Using this parameter is only necessary when a
runtime error occurs because automatic detection fails. More information on the
underlying mechanics of the historical buffer can be found [in our Help Center]
(https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000587849). Optional. The default is
0.backtest\_fill\_limits\_assumption (const int) Limit order execution threshold in
ticks. When it is used, limit orders are only filled if the market price exceeds
the order's limit level by the specified number of ticks. Optional. The default is
0.default\_qty\_type (const string) Specifies the units used for
`default_qty_value`. Possible values are:
[strategy.fixed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.fixed) for contracts/shares/lots,
[strategy.cash](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.cash) for currency amounts, or [strategy.percent\_of\_equity]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.percent_of_equity) for a percentage of available equity. This
setting can also be changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional.
The default is [strategy.fixed](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_strategy.fixed).default\_qty\_value (const int/float) The default
quantity to trade, in units determined by the argument used with the
`default_qty_type` parameter. This setting can also be changed in the strategy's
"Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is 1.initial\_capital (const
int/float) The amount of funds initially available for the strategy to trade, in
units of `currency`. Optional. The default is 1000000.currency (const string)
Currency used by the strategy in currency-related calculations. Market positions
are still opened by converting `currency` into the chart symbol's currency. The
conversion rate depends on the previous daily value of a corresponding currency
pair from the most popular exchange. A spread symbol is used if no exchange
provides the rate directly. Possible values: a "string" representing a valid
currency code (e.g., "USD" or "USDT") or a constant from the `currency.*` namespace
(e.g., [currency.USD](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_currency.USD) or [currency.USDT](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_currency.USDT)). The default is
[syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency).slippage (const int) Slippage expressed in ticks. This value
is added to or subtracted from the fill price of market/stop orders to make the
fill price less favorable for the strategy. E.g., if
[syminfo.mintick](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.mintick) is 0.01 and `slippage` is set to 5, a long market order will
enter at 5 \* 0.01 = 0.05 points above the actual price. This setting can also be
changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is
0.commission\_type (const string) Determines what the number passed to the
`commission_value` expresses:
[strategy.commission.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_strategy.commission.percent) for a percentage of the cash volume of the
order, [strategy.commission.cash\_per\_contract](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.commission.cash_per_contract) for currency per
contract, [strategy.commission.cash\_per\_order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.commission.cash_per_order) for currency per
order. This setting can also be changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties"
tab. Optional. The default is
[strategy.commission.percent](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_strategy.commission.percent).commission\_value (const int/float)
Commission applied to the strategy's orders in units determined by the argument
passed to the `commission_type` parameter. This setting can also be changed in the
strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The default is 0.process\_orders\
_on\_close (const bool) When set to [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true), generates an additional attempt to execute orders after
a bar closes and strategy calculations are completed. If the orders are market
orders, the broker emulator executes them before the next bar's open. If the orders
are price-dependent, they will only be filled if the price conditions are met. This
option is useful if you wish to close positions on the current bar. This setting
can also be changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. The
default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).close\
_entries\_rule (const string) Determines the order in which trades are closed.
Possible values are: "FIFO" (First-In, First-Out) if the earliest exit order must
close the earliest entry order, or "ANY" if the orders are closed based on the
`from_entry` parameter of the [strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) function. "FIFO" can only be used with
stocks, futures and US forex (NFA Compliance Rule 2-43b), while "ANY" is allowed in
non-US forex. Optional. The default is "FIFO".margin\_long (const int/float)
Margin long is the percentage of the purchase price of a security that must be
covered by cash or collateral for long positions. Must be a non-negative number.
The logic used to simulate margin calls is explained in the [Help
Center](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000628599). This setting can
also be changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. If the value
is 0, the strategy does not enforce any limits on position size. The default is
100, in which case the strategy only uses its own funds and the long positions
cannot be margin called.margin\_short (const int/float) Margin short is the
percentage of the purchase price of a security that must be covered by cash or
collateral for short positions. Must be a non-negative number. The logic used to
simulate margin calls is explained in the [Help
Center](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?solution=43000628599). This setting can
also be changed in the strategy's "Settings/Properties" tab. Optional. If the value
is 0, the strategy does not enforce any limits on position size. The default is
100, in which case the strategy only uses its own funds. Note that even with no
margin used, short positions *can* be margin called if the loss exceeds available
funds.explicit\_plot\_zorder (const bool) Specifies the order in which the script's
plots, fills, and hlines are rendered. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_true), plots are drawn in the order in which they appear
in the script's code, each newer plot being drawn above the previous ones. This
only applies to `plot*()` functions, [fill](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_fill), and [hline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_hline). Optional. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).max\
_lines\_count (const int) The number of last
[line](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line) drawings
displayed. Possible values: 1-500. Optional. The default is 50.max\_labels\_count
(const int) The number of last [label](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_label) drawings displayed. Possible values: 1-500. Optional. The
default is 50.max\_boxes\_count (const int) The number of last
[box](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box) drawings
displayed. Possible values: 1-500. Optional. The default is 50.calc\_bars\_count
(const int) Limits the initial calculation of a script to the last number of bars
specified. When specified, a "Calculated bars" field will be included in the
"Calculation" section of the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab. Optional. The default
is 0, in which case the script executes on all available bars.risk\_free\_rate
(const int/float) The risk-free rate of return is the annual percentage change in
the value of an investment with minimal or zero risk. It is used to calculate the
[Sharpe](https://www.tradingview.com/support/solutions/43000681694) and [Sortino]
(https://www.tradingview.com/support/solutions/43000681697) ratios. Optional. The
default is 2.use\_bar\_magnifier (const bool) Optional. When
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
[Broker
Emulator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#broker-
emulator) uses lower timeframe data during backtesting on historical bars to
achieve more realistic results. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false). Only
[Premium](https://www.tradingview.com/gopro/) and higher-tier plans have access to
this feature.fill\_orders\_on\_standard\_ohlc (const bool) When
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), forces
strategies running on Heikin Ashi charts to fill orders using actual OHLC prices,
for more realistic results. Optional. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).max\
_polylines\_count (const int) The number of last
[polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_polyline)
drawings displayed. Possible values: 1-100. The count is approximate; more drawings
than the specified count may be displayed. Optional. The default is 50.dynamic\
_requests (const bool) Specifies whether the script can dynamically call functions
from the `request.*()` namespace. Dynamic `request.*()` calls are allowed within
the local scopes of conditional structures (e.g.,
[if](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_if)), loops (e.g.,
[for](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_for)), and exported
functions. Additionally, such calls allow "series" arguments for many of their
parameters. Optional. The default is [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_true). See the User Manual's [Dynamic requests]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/other-timeframes-and-data/
#dynamic-requests) section for more information.behind\_chart (const bool) Controls
whether the script's plots and drawings in the main chart pane appear behind the
chart display (if
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true)), or in
front of it (if
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)).
Optional. The default is
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true).Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("My strategy", overlay = true)

// Enter long by market if current open is greater than previous high.

if open > high[1]
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, 1)
// Generate a full exit bracket (profit 10 points, loss 5 points per contract) from
the entry named "Long".
strategy.exit("Exit", "Long", profit = 10, loss = 5)

```
RemarksYou can learn more about strategies in our [User
Manual](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/).Every
strategy script must have one [strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy) call.Strategies using `calc_on_every_tick = true`
parameter may calculate differently on historical and realtime bars, which causes
[repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/
repainting/).Strategies always use the chart's prices to enter and exit positions.
Using them on non-standard chart types (Heikin Ashi, Renko, etc.) will produce
misleading results, as their prices are synthetic. Backtesting on non-standard
charts is thus not recommended.The maximum number of orders a strategy can open,
unless it uses Deep Backtesting mode, is 9000. If the strategy exceeds this limit,
it removes the oldest order's information when a new entry appears in the "List of
Trades" tab. The `strategy.closedtrades.*()` functions return
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) for trades
opened or closed by removed orders. To retrieve the index of the oldest available
closed trade, use the
[strategy.closedtrades.first\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades.first_index) variable. See also:
[indicator](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_indicator)
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)

### strategy.cancel()
Cancels a pending or unfilled order with a specific identifier. If multiple
unfilled orders share the same ID, calling this command with that ID as the `id`
argument cancels all of them. If a script calls this command with an `id`
representing the ID of a filled order, it has no effect.This command is most useful
when working with price-based orders (e.g., [limit
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#limit-
orders)). Calls to this command can also cancel [market
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders), but only if they execute on the same ticks as the order placement
commands.Syntax
```
strategy.cancel(id) → void
```
Argumentsid (series string) The identifier of the unfilled order to cancel.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy(title = "Order cancellation demo")

conditionForBuy = open > high[1]

if conditionForBuy
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, 1, limit = low) // Enter long using limit
order at low price of current bar if `conditionForBuy` is `true`.
if not conditionForBuy
strategy.cancel("Long") // Cancel the entry order with name "Long" if `conditio
nForBuy` is `false`.

```
### strategy.cancel\_all()

Cancels all pending or unfilled orders, regardless of their identifiers.This

command is most useful when working with price-based orders (e.g., [limit orders]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#limit-orders)).
Calls to this command can also cancel [market
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders), but only if they execute on the same ticks as the order placement
commands.Syntax
```
strategy.cancel_all() → void
```
Example
```
//@version=6
strategy(title = "Cancel all orders demo")
conditionForBuy1 = open > high[1]
if conditionForBuy1
strategy.entry("Long entry 1", strategy.long, 1, limit = low) // Enter long usi
ng a limit order if `conditionForBuy1` is `true`.
conditionForBuy2 = conditionForBuy1 and open[1] > high[2]
float lowest2 = ta.lowest(low, 2)
if conditionForBuy2
strategy.entry("Long entry 2", strategy.long, 1, limit = lowest2) // Enter long
using a limit order if `conditionForBuy2` is `true`.
conditionForStopTrading = open < lowest2
if conditionForStopTrading
strategy.cancel_all() // Cancel both limit orders if `conditionForStopTrading`
is `true`.
```
### strategy.close()

Creates an order to exit from the part of a position opened by entry orders with a
specific identifier. If multiple entries in the position share the same ID, the
orders from this command apply to all those entries, starting from the first open
trade, when its calls use that ID as the `id` argument.This command always
generates [market
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders). To exit from a position using price-based orders (e.g., [stop-loss]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#take-profit-and-
stop-loss) orders), use the [strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) command.Syntax
```
strategy.close(id, comment, qty, qty_percent, alert_message, immediately,
disable_alert) → void
```
Argumentsid (series string) The entry identifier of the open trades to
close.comment (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the filled order. If
the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the chart show this text
for the order instead of the automatically generated exit identifier. The default
is an empty string.qty (series int/float) Optional. The number of
contracts/lots/shares/units to close when an exit order fills. If specified, the
command uses this value instead of `qty_percent` to determine the order size. The
default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na),
which means the order size depends on the `qty_percent` value.qty\_percent (series
int/float) Optional. A value between 0 and 100 representing the percentage of the
open trade quantity to close when an exit order fills. The percentage calculation
depends on the total size of the open trades with the `id` entry identifier. The
command ignores this parameter if the `qty` value is not
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na). The default is
100.alert\_message (series string) Optional. Custom text for the alert that fires
when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create Alert" dialog box
contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the alert message
replaces the placeholder with this text. The default is an empty string.immediately
(series bool) Optional. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true), the closing order executes on the same tick when the
strategy places it, ignoring the strategy properties that restrict execution to the
opening tick of the following bar. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).disable\
_alert (series bool) Optional. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) when the command creates an order, the strategy does not
trigger an alert when that order fills. This parameter accepts a "series" value,
meaning users can control which orders trigger alerts when they execute. The
default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Partial close strategy")

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

// Place a market order to enter a long position when `sma14` crosses over `sma28`.
if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28)
strategy.entry("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)
// Place a market order to close the long trade when `sma14` crosses under `sma28`.
if ta.crossunder(sma14, sma28)
strategy.close("My Long Entry ID", "50% market close", qty_percent = 50)

// Plot the position size.

plot(strategy.position_size)

```
RemarksWhen a position consists of several open trades and the `close_entries_rule`
in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement is "FIFO" (default), a
[strategy.close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.close) call exits from the position starting with the first open
trade. This behavior applies even if the `id` value is the entry ID of different
open trades. However, in that case, the maximum exit order size still depends on
the trades opened by orders with the `id` identifier. For more information, see
[this](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#closing-a-
market-position) section of our User Manual.
### strategy.close\_all()

2 overloadsCreates an order to close an open position completely, regardless of the

identifiers of the entry orders that opened or added to it.This command always
generates [market
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders). To exit from a position using price-based orders (e.g., [stop-loss]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#take-profit-and-
stop-loss) orders), use the [strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) command.Syntax & Overloads[```
strategy.close_all(comment, alert_message) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.close_all-
0)[```
strategy.close_all(comment, alert_message, immediately, disable_alert) → void
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.close_all-
1)Argumentscomment (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the filled order.
If the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the chart show this
text for the order instead of the automatically generated exit identifier. The
default is an empty string.alert\_message (series string) Optional. Custom text for
the alert that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create
Alert" dialog box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the
alert message replaces the placeholder with this text. The default is an empty
string.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Multi-entry close strategy")

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

// Place a market order to enter a long trade every time `sma14` crosses over `sma2
8`.
if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28)
strategy.order("My Long Entry ID " + str.tostring(strategy.opentrades), strateg
y.long)

// Place a market order to close the entire position every 500 bars.
if bar_index % 500 == 0
strategy.close_all()
// Plot the position size.
plot(strategy.position_size)

```
### strategy.closedtrades.commission()

Returns the sum of entry and exit fees paid in the closed trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.commission(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.commission` Example", commission_type = strategy.c
ommission.percent, commission_value = 0.1)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Plot total fees for the latest closed trade.

plot(strategy.closedtrades.commission(strategy.closedtrades - 1))

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.opentrades.commission](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.commission)

### strategy.closedtrades.entry\_bar\_index()
Returns the bar\_index of the closed trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.entry_bar_index(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.entry_bar_index Example")
// Enter long trades on three rising bars; exit on two falling bars.
if ta.rising(close, 3)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.falling(close, 2)
strategy.close("Long")
// Function that calculates the average amount of bars in a trade.
avgBarsPerTrade() =>
sumBarsPerTrade = 0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
// Loop through all closed trades, starting with the oldest.
sumBarsPerTrade += strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index(tradeNo) - strategy
.closedtrades.entry_bar_index(tradeNo) + 1
result = nz(sumBarsPerTrade / strategy.closedtrades)
plot(avgBarsPerTrade())
```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index)
[strategy.opentrades.entry\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.entry_bar_index)

### strategy.closedtrades.entry\_comment()
Returns the comment message of the closed trade's entry, or
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
if there is no entry with this `trade_num`.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.entry_comment(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.entry_comment()` Example", overlay = true)

stopPrice = open * 1.01

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, stop = stopPrice, comment = str.tostring(
stopPrice, "#.####"))
strategy.exit("EXIT", trail_points = 1000, trail_offset = 0)

var testTable = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 3, color.orange, border_width = 1)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory or barstate.isrealtime
table.cell(testTable, 0, 0, 'Last closed trade:')
table.cell(testTable, 0, 1, "Order stop price value: " + strategy.closedtrades.
entry_comment(strategy.closedtrades - 1))
table.cell(testTable, 0, 2, "Actual Entry Price: " + str.tostring(strategy.clos
edtrades.entry_price(strategy.closedtrades - 1)))

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.closedtrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)

### strategy.closedtrades.entry\_id()
Returns the id of the closed trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.entry_id(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.entry_id Example", overlay = true)

// Enter a short position and close at the previous to last bar.

if bar_index == 1
strategy.entry("Short at bar #" + str.tostring(bar_index), strategy.short)
if bar_index == last_bar_index - 2
 strategy.close_all()

// Display ID of the last entry position.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(last_bar_index, high, "Last Entry ID is: " + strategy.closedtrades.en
try_id(strategy.closedtrades - 1))

```
ReturnsReturns the id of the closed trade's entry.RemarksThe function returns na if
trade\_num is not in the range: 0 to strategy.closedtrades-1. See also:
[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_bar_index)
[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_price)[strategy.closedtrades.entry\
_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_time)

### strategy.closedtrades.entry\_price()
Returns the price of the closed trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.entry_price(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.entry_price Example 1")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Return the entry price for the latest entry.

entryPrice = strategy.closedtrades.entry_price(strategy.closedtrades - 1)

plot(entryPrice, "Long entry price")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average profit percentage for all closed trades.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.entry_price Example 2")

// Strategy calls to create single short and long trades

if bar_index == last_bar_index - 15
strategy.entry("Long Entry", strategy.long)
else if bar_index == last_bar_index - 10
strategy.close("Long Entry")
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)
else if bar_index == last_bar_index - 5
strategy.close("Short")

// Calculate profit for both closed trades.

profitPct = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
 entryP = strategy.closedtrades.entry_price(tradeNo)
exitP = strategy.closedtrades.exit_price(tradeNo)
profitPct += (exitP - entryP) / entryP * strategy.closedtrades.size(tradeNo) *
100

// Calculate average profit percent for both closed trades.

avgProfitPct = nz(profitPct / strategy.closedtrades)

plot(avgProfitPct)

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_price)
[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_price)[strategy.closedtrades.size]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.size)[strategy.closedtrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)

### strategy.closedtrades.entry\_time()
Returns the UNIX time of the closed trade's entry, expressed in
milliseconds..Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.entry_time(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.entry_time Example", overlay = true)

// Enter long trades on three rising bars; exit on two falling bars.
if ta.rising(close, 3)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.falling(close, 2)
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate the average trade duration

avgTradeDuration() =>
sumTradeDuration = 0
for i = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
sumTradeDuration += strategy.closedtrades.exit_time(i) - strategy.closedtra
des.entry_time(i)
result = nz(sumTradeDuration / strategy.closedtrades)

// Display average duration converted to seconds and formatted using 2 decimal poin
ts
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(avgTradeDuration() / 1000, "#.##") + "
seconds")

```
See also[strategy.opentrades.entry\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.entry_time)[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_time)[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_time)

### strategy.closedtrades.exit\_bar\_index()
Returns the bar\_index of the closed trade's exit.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index Example 1")

// Strategy calls to place a single short trade. We enter the trade at the first ba
r and exit the trade at 10 bars before the last chart bar.
if bar_index == 0
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)
if bar_index == last_bar_index - 10
strategy.close("Short")

// Calculate the amount of bars since the last closed trade.

barsSinceClosed = strategy.closedtrades > 0 ? bar_index - strategy.closedtrades.exi
t_bar_index(strategy.closedtrades - 1) : na

plot(barsSinceClosed, "Bars since last closed trade")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average amount of bars per trade.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index Example 2")

// Enter long trades on three rising bars; exit on two falling bars.
if ta.rising(close, 3)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.falling(close, 2)
strategy.close("Long")

// Function that calculates the average amount of bars per trade.

avgBarsPerTrade() =>
sumBarsPerTrade = 0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
// Loop through all closed trades, starting with the oldest.
sumBarsPerTrade += strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index(tradeNo) - strategy
.closedtrades.entry_bar_index(tradeNo) + 1
result = nz(sumBarsPerTrade / strategy.closedtrades)

plot(avgBarsPerTrade())

```
See also[bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_bar_index)[last\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_last_bar_index)

### strategy.closedtrades.exit\_comment()
Returns the comment message of the closed trade's exit, or
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if there is no
entry with this `trade_num`.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.exit_comment(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.exit_comment()` Example", overlay = true)

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
strategy.exit("Exit", stop = open * 0.95, limit = close * 1.05, trail_points =
100, trail_offset = 0, comment_profit = "TP", comment_loss = "SL", comment_trailing
= "TRAIL")

exitStats() =>
int slCount = 0
int tpCount = 0
int trailCount = 0

if strategy.closedtrades > 0
for i = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
switch strategy.closedtrades.exit_comment(i)
"TP" => tpCount += 1
"SL" => slCount += 1
"TRAIL" => trailCount += 1
[slCount, tpCount, trailCount]

var testTable = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 4, color.orange, border_width = 1)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
[slCount, tpCount, trailCount] = exitStats()
table.cell(testTable, 0, 0, "Closed trades (" + str.tostring(strategy.closedtra
des) +") stats:")
table.cell(testTable, 0, 1, "Stop Loss: " + str.tostring(slCount))
table.cell(testTable, 0, 2, "Take Profit: " + str.tostring(tpCount))
table.cell(testTable, 0, 3, "Trailing Stop: " + str.tostring(trailCount))

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.exit)[strategy.close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.close)[strategy.closedtrades](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades)

### strategy.closedtrades.exit\_id()
Returns the id of the closed trade's exit.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.exit_id(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_id Example", overlay = true)

// Strategy calls to create single short and long trades

if bar_index == last_bar_index - 15
strategy.entry("Long Entry", strategy.long)
else if bar_index == last_bar_index - 10
strategy.entry("Short Entry", strategy.short)
// When a new open trade is detected then we create the exit strategy corresponding
with the matching entry id
// We detect the correct entry id by determining if a position is long or short bas
ed on the position quantity
if ta.change(strategy.opentrades) != 0
posSign = strategy.opentrades.size(strategy.opentrades - 1)
strategy.exit(posSign > 0 ? "SL Long Exit" : "SL Short Exit", strategy.opentrad
es.entry_id(strategy.opentrades - 1), stop = posSign > 0 ? high - ta.tr : low + ta.
tr)

// When a new closed trade is detected then we place a label above the bar with the
exit info
if ta.change(strategy.closedtrades) != 0
msg = "Trade closed by: " + strategy.closedtrades.exit_id(strategy.closedtrades
- 1)
label.new(bar_index, high + (3 * ta.tr), msg)

```
ReturnsReturns the id of the closed trade's exit.RemarksThe function returns na if
trade\_num is not in the range: 0 to strategy.closedtrades-1. See also:
[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index)[strategy.closedtrades.exit\
_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_price)[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_time)

### strategy.closedtrades.exit\_price()
Returns the price of the closed trade's exit.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.exit_price(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_price Example 1")

// We are creating a long trade every 5 bars

if bar_index % 5 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
strategy.close("Long")

// Return the exit price from the latest closed trade.

exitPrice = strategy.closedtrades.exit_price(strategy.closedtrades - 1)

plot(exitPrice, "Long exit price")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average profit percentage for all closed trades.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_price Example 2")

// Strategy calls to create single short and long trades.

if bar_index == last_bar_index - 15
strategy.entry("Long Entry", strategy.long)
else if bar_index == last_bar_index - 10
 strategy.close("Long Entry")
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)
else if bar_index == last_bar_index - 5
strategy.close("Short")

// Calculate profit for both closed trades.

profitPct = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
entryP = strategy.closedtrades.entry_price(tradeNo)
exitP = strategy.closedtrades.exit_price(tradeNo)
profitPct += (exitP - entryP) / entryP * strategy.closedtrades.size(tradeNo) *
100

// Calculate average profit percent for both closed trades.

avgProfitPct = nz(profitPct / strategy.closedtrades)

plot(avgProfitPct)

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_price)

### strategy.closedtrades.exit\_time()
Returns the UNIX time of the closed trade's exit, expressed in milliseconds.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.exit_time(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_time Example 1")

// Enter long trades on three rising bars; exit on two falling bars.
if ta.rising(close, 3)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.falling(close, 2)
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate the average trade duration.

avgTradeDuration() =>
sumTradeDuration = 0
for i = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
sumTradeDuration += strategy.closedtrades.exit_time(i) - strategy.closedtra
des.entry_time(i)
result = nz(sumTradeDuration / strategy.closedtrades)

// Display average duration converted to seconds and formatted using 2 decimal poin
ts.
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(avgTradeDuration() / 1000, "#.##") + "
seconds")

```
Example
```
// Reopens a closed trade after X seconds.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.closedtrades.exit_time Example 2")
// Strategy calls to emulate a single long trade at the first bar.
if bar_index == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

reopenPositionAfter(timeSec) =>
if strategy.closedtrades > 0
if time - strategy.closedtrades.exit_time(strategy.closedtrades - 1) >= tim
eSec * 1000
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

// Reopen last closed position after 120 sec.

reopenPositionAfter(120)

if ta.change(strategy.opentrades) != 0
strategy.exit("Long", stop = low * 0.9, profit = high * 2.5)

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_time)

### strategy.closedtrades.max\_drawdown()
Returns the maximum drawdown of the closed trade, i.e., the maximum possible loss
during the trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown` Example")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Get the biggest max trade drawdown value from all of the closed trades.
maxTradeDrawDown() =>
maxDrawdown = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
maxDrawdown := math.max(maxDrawdown, strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown(tra
deNo))
result = maxDrawdown

plot(maxTradeDrawDown(), "Biggest max drawdown")

```
RemarksThe function returns na if trade\_num is not in the range: 0 to
strategy.closedtrades - 1. See also:
[strategy.opentrades.max\_drawdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown)[strategy.max\_drawdown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)
### strategy.closedtrades.max\_drawdown\_percent()
Returns the maximum drawdown of the closed trade, i.e., the maximum possible loss
during the trade, expressed as a percentage and calculated by formula: `Lowest
Value During Trade / (Entry Price x Quantity) * 100`.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also: [strategy.closedtrades.max\_drawdown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown)[strategy.max\_drawdown](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)

### strategy.closedtrades.max\_runup()
Returns the maximum run up of the closed trade, i.e., the maximum possible profit
during the trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.max_runup(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.max_runup` Example")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Get the biggest max trade runup value from all of the closed trades.
maxTradeRunUp() =>
maxRunup = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
maxRunup := math.max(maxRunup, strategy.closedtrades.max_runup(tradeNo))
result = maxRunup

plot(maxTradeRunUp(), "Max trade runup")

```
See also[strategy.opentrades.max\_runup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.max_runup)[strategy.max\_runup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_runup)

### strategy.closedtrades.max\_runup\_percent()
Returns the maximum run-up of the closed trade, i.e., the maximum possible profit
during the trade, expressed as a percentage and calculated by formula: `Highest
Value During Trade / (Entry Price x Quantity) * 100`.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.max_runup_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also:
[strategy.closedtrades.max\_runup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.max_runup)[strategy.max\_runup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_runup)

### strategy.closedtrades.profit()
Returns the profit/loss of the closed trade, expressed in [strategy.account\
_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency). Losses are expressed as negative values.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.profit(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.profit` Example")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate average gross profit by adding the difference between gross profit and
commission.
avgGrossProfit() =>
sumGrossProfit = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
sumGrossProfit += strategy.closedtrades.profit(tradeNo) - strategy.closedtr
ades.commission(tradeNo)
result = nz(sumGrossProfit / strategy.closedtrades)

plot(avgGrossProfit(), "Average gross profit")

```
See also[strategy.opentrades.profit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.profit)[strategy.closedtrades.commission]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.commission)

### strategy.closedtrades.profit\_percent()
Returns the profit/loss value of the closed trade, expressed as a percentage.
Losses are expressed as negative values.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.profit_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also:
[strategy.closedtrades.profit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.profit)

### strategy.closedtrades.size()
Returns the direction and the number of contracts traded in the closed trade. If
the value is > 0, the market position was long. If the value is < 0, the market
position was short.Syntax
```
strategy.closedtrades.size(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.size` Example 1")

// We calculate the max amt of shares we can buy.

amtShares = math.floor(strategy.equity / close)
// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, qty = amtShares)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Plot the number of contracts traded in the last closed trade.

plot(strategy.closedtrades.size(strategy.closedtrades - 1), "Number of contracts tr
aded")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average profit percentage for all closed trades.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.closedtrades.size` Example 2")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate profit for both closed trades.

profitPct = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.closedtrades - 1
entryP = strategy.closedtrades.entry_price(tradeNo)
exitP = strategy.closedtrades.exit_price(tradeNo)
profitPct += (exitP - entryP) / entryP * strategy.closedtrades.size(tradeNo) *
100

// Calculate average profit percent for both closed trades.

avgProfitPct = nz(profitPct / strategy.closedtrades)

plot(avgProfitPct)

```
See also[strategy.opentrades.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.size)[strategy.position\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)
[strategy.closedtrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.closedtrades)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)

### strategy.convert\_to\_account()
Converts the value from the currency that the symbol on the chart is traded in
([syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.currency)) to the currency used by the strategy ([strategy.account\
_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency)).Syntax
```
strategy.convert_to_account(value) → series float
```
Argumentsvalue (series int/float) The value to be converted.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.convert_to_account` Example 1", currency = currency.EUR)

plot(close, "Close price using default currency")

plot(strategy.convert_to_account(close), "Close price converted to strategy currenc
y")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the "Buy and hold return" using your account's currency.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.convert_to_account` Example 2", currency = currency.EUR)

dateInput = input.time(timestamp("20 Jul 2021 00:00 +0300"), "From Date", confirm =

true)

buyAndHoldReturnPct(fromDate) =>
if time >= fromDate
money = close * syminfo.pointvalue
var initialBal = strategy.convert_to_account(money)
(strategy.convert_to_account(money) - initialBal) / initialBal * 100

plot(buyAndHoldReturnPct(dateInput))

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.convert\_to\_symbol](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.convert_to_symbol)

### strategy.convert\_to\_symbol()
Converts the value from the currency used by the strategy ([strategy.account\
_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency)) to the currency that the symbol on the chart is
traded in ([syminfo.currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#var_syminfo.currency)).Syntax
```
strategy.convert_to_symbol(value) → series float
```
Argumentsvalue (series int/float) The value to be converted.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.convert_to_symbol` Example", currency = currency.EUR)

// Calculate the max qty we can buy using current chart's currency.
calcContracts(accountMoney) =>
math.floor(strategy.convert_to_symbol(accountMoney) / syminfo.pointvalue / clos
e)

// Return max qty we can buy using 300 euros

qt = calcContracts(300)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars using our custom qty.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
 strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, qty = qt)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.convert\_to\_account](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.convert_to_account)

### strategy.default\_entry\_qty()
Calculates the default quantity, in units, of an entry order from [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) or
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order) if it were to fill at the specified `fill_price` value. The
calculation depends on several strategy properties, including `default_qty_type`,
`default_qty_value`, `currency`, and other parameters in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
function and their representation in the "Properties" tab of the strategy's
settings.Syntax
```
strategy.default_entry_qty(fill_price) → series float
```
Argumentsfill\_price (series int/float) The fill price for which to calculate the
default order quantity.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Supertrend Strategy", overlay = true, default_qty_type = strategy.percent
_of_equity, default_qty_value = 15)

//@variable The length of the ATR calculation.

atrPeriod = input(10, "ATR Length")
//@variable The ATR multiplier.
factor = input.float(3.0, "Factor", step = 0.01)
//@variable The tick offset of the stop order.
stopOffsetInput = input.int(100, "Tick offset for entry stop")

// Get the direction of the SuperTrend.

[_, direction] = ta.supertrend(factor, atrPeriod)

if ta.change(direction) < 0
//@variable The stop price of the entry order.
stopPrice = close + syminfo.mintick * stopOffsetInput
//@variable The expected default fill quantity at the `stopPrice`. This value m
ay not reflect actual qty of the filled order, because fill price may be different.
calculatedQty = strategy.default_entry_qty(stopPrice)
strategy.entry("My Long Entry Id", strategy.long, stop = stopPrice)
label.new(bar_index, stopPrice, str.format("Stop set at {0}\nExpected qty at {0
}: {1}", math.round_to_mintick(stopPrice), calculatedQty))

if ta.change(direction) > 0
strategy.close_all()

```
RemarksThis function does not consider open positions simulated by a strategy. For
example, if a strategy script has an open position from a long order with a `qty`
of 10 units, using the [strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) function to simulate a short order with a `qty`
of 5 will prompt the script to sell 15 units to reverse the position. This function
will still return 5 in such a case since it doesn't consider an open trade.This
value represents the default calculated quantity of an order.Order placement
commands can override the default value by explicitly passing a new `qty` value in
the function call.
### strategy.entry()

Creates a new order to open or add to a position. If an unfilled order with the
same `id` exists, a call to this command modifies that order.The resulting order's
type depends on the `limit` and `stop` parameters. If the call does not contain
`limit` or `stop` arguments, it creates a [market
order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders) that executes on the next tick. If the call specifies a `limit` value but
no `stop` value, it places a [limit order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
docs/concepts/strategies/#limit-orders) that executes after the market price
reaches the `limit` value or a better price (lower for buy orders and higher for
sell orders). If the call specifies a `stop` value but no `limit` value, it places
a [stop order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/
#stop-and-stop-limit-orders) that executes after the market price reaches the
`stop` value or a worse price (higher for buy orders and lower for sell orders). If
the call contains `limit` and `stop` arguments, it creates a
[stop-limit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/
#stop-and-stop-limit-orders) order, which generates a limit order at the `limit`
price only after the market price reaches the `stop` value or a worse price.Orders
from this command, unlike those from
[strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.order), are affected by the `pyramiding` parameter of the [strategy]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy) declaration
statement. Pyramiding specifies the number of concurrent open entries allowed per
position. For example, with `pyramiding = 3`, the strategy can have up to three
open trades, and the command cannot create orders to open additional trades until
at least one existing trade closes.By default, when a strategy executes an order
from this command in the opposite direction of the current market position, it
reverses that position. For example, if there is an open long position of five
shares, an order from this command with a `qty` of 5 and a `direction` of
[strategy.short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.short) triggers the sale of 10 shares to close the long position
and open a new five-share short position. Users can change this behavior by
specifying an allowed direction with the [strategy.risk\_allow\_entry\_in]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.risk_allow_entry_in) function.Syntax
```
strategy.entry(id, direction, qty, limit, stop, oca_name, oca_type, comment,
alert_message, disable_alert) → void
```
Argumentsid (series string) The identifier of the order, which corresponds to an
entry ID in the strategy's trades after the order fills. If the strategy opens a
new position after filling the order, the order's ID becomes the
[strategy.position\_entry\_name](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_entry_name) value. Strategy commands can
reference the order ID to cancel or modify pending orders and generate exit orders
for specific open trades. The Strategy Tester and the chart display the order ID
unless the command specifies a `comment` value.direction (series strategy\
_direction) The direction of the trade. Possible values:
[strategy.long](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.long) for a long trade,
[strategy.short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.short) for a short one.qty (series int/float) Optional. The number
of contracts/shares/lots/units in the resulting open trade when the order fills.
The default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na),
which means that the command uses the `default_qty_type` and `default_qty_value`
parameters of the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement to determine the quantity.limit (series int/float) Optional.
The limit price of the order. If specified, the command creates a limit or stop-
limit order, depending on whether the `stop` value is also specified. The default
is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), which means
the resulting order is not of the limit or stop-limit type.stop (series int/float)
Optional. The stop price of the order. If specified, the command creates a stop or
stop-limit order, depending on whether the `limit` value is also specified. The
default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na),
which means the resulting order is not of the stop or stop-limit type.oca\_name
(series string) Optional. The name of the order's One-Cancels-All (OCA) group. When
a pending order with the same `oca_name` and `oca_type` parameters executes, that
order affects all unfilled orders in the group. The default is an empty string,
which means the order does not belong to an OCA group.oca\_type (input string)
Optional. Specifies how an unfilled order behaves when another pending order with
the same `oca_name` and `oca_type` values executes. Possible values:
[strategy.oca.cancel](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.cancel),
[strategy.oca.reduce](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.reduce), [strategy.oca.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.oca.none). The default is [strategy.oca.none]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.none).comment (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the
filled order. If the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the
chart show this text for the order instead of the specified `id`. The default is an
empty string.alert\_message (series string) Optional. Custom text for the alert
that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create Alert" dialog
box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the alert message
replaces the placeholder with this text. The default is an empty string.disable\
_alert (series bool) Optional. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) when the command creates an order, the strategy does not
trigger an alert when that order fills. This parameter accepts a "series" value,
meaning users can control which orders trigger alerts when they execute. The
default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Market order strategy", overlay = true)

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

// Place a market order to close the short trade and enter a long position when `sm
a14` crosses over `sma28`.
if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28)
strategy.entry("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)

// Place a market order to close the long trade and enter a short position when `sm
a14` crosses under `sma28`.
if ta.crossunder(sma14, sma28)
strategy.entry("My Short Entry ID", strategy.short)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Limit order strategy", overlay=true, margin_long=100, margin_short=100)
//@variable The distance from the `close` price for each limit order.
float limitOffsetInput = input.int(100, "Limit offset, in ticks", 1) * syminfo.mint
ick

//@function Draws a label and line at the specified `price` to visualize a limit or
der's level.
drawLimit(float price, bool isLong) =>
color col = isLong ? color.blue : color.red
label.new(
bar_index, price, (isLong ? "Long" : "Short") + " limit order created",
style = label.style_label_right, color = col, textcolor = color.white
)
line.new(bar_index, price, bar_index + 1, price, extend = extend.right, style =
line.style_dashed, color = col)

//@function Stops the `l` line from extending further.

method stopExtend(line l) =>
l.set_x2(bar_index)
l.set_extend(extend.none)

// Initialize two `line` variables to reference limit line IDs.

var line longLimit = na
var line shortLimit = na

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28)
// Cancel any unfilled sell orders with the specified ID.
strategy.cancel("My Short Entry ID")
//@variable The limit price level. Its value is `limitOffsetInput` ticks below
the current `close`.
float limitLevel = close - limitOffsetInput
// Place a long limit order to close the short trade and enter a long position
at the `limitLevel`.
strategy.entry("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long, limit = limitLevel)
// Make new drawings for the long limit and stop extending the `shortLimit` lin
e.
longLimit := drawLimit(limitLevel, isLong = true)
shortLimit.stopExtend()

if ta.crossunder(sma14, sma28)
// Cancel any unfilled buy orders with the specified ID.
strategy.cancel("My Long Entry ID")
//@variable The limit price level. Its value is `limitOffsetInput` ticks above
the current `close`.
float limitLevel = close + limitOffsetInput
// Place a short limit order to close the long trade and enter a short position
at the `limitLevel`.
strategy.entry("My Short Entry ID", strategy.short, limit = limitLevel)
// Make new drawings for the short limit and stop extending the `shortLimit` li
ne.
shortLimit := drawLimit(limitLevel, isLong = false)
longLimit.stopExtend()

```
### strategy.exit()
Creates price-based orders to exit from an open position. If unfilled exit orders
with the same `id` exist, calls to this command modify those orders. This command
can generate more than one type of exit order, depending on the specified
parameters. However, it does not create [market
orders](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders). To exit from a position with a market order, use [strategy.close]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.close) or
[strategy.close\_all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.close_all).If a call to this command contains a `profit` or `limit`
argument, it creates
[take-profit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/
#take-profit-and-stop-loss) orders to exit from applicable trades at the determined
price levels or better values (higher for long trades and lower for short ones). If
the call contains `loss` or `stop` arguments, it creates
[stop-loss](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#take-
profit-and-stop-loss) orders to exit from applicable trades at the determined
levels or worse values (lower for long trades and higher for short ones). Calling
this command with `profit` or `limit` and `loss` or `stop` arguments creates an
order bracket with both order types.This command can create [trailing stop]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#trailing-stops)
orders when its call specifies a `trail_price` or `trail_points` argument and a
`trail_offset` argument. A trailing stop order activates when the price moves
`trail_points` ticks past the entry price or touches the `trail_price` level. Once
activated, the stop follows `trail_offset` ticks behind the market price each time
the trade's profit reaches a new high. The stop does not move when the trade does
not achieve a new best value.Each call to this command reserves a portion of the
position to close until the strategy fills or cancels its orders. For example, if
there is an open position of 50 contracts and a
[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.exit) call specifies a `qty` of 20, that call's orders reserve 20
contracts out of the position. A second call can close a maximum of 30 contracts,
even if its `qty` is 50 and one of its orders executes first. This behavior does
not affect the orders from other commands, such as
[strategy.close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.close) or [strategy.order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.order).If a call to this command occurs before a created
entry order's execution, the strategy waits and does not create the exit orders
until after the entry order executes.Syntax
```
strategy.exit(id, from_entry, qty, qty_percent, profit, limit, loss, stop,
trail_price, trail_points, trail_offset, oca_name, comment, comment_profit,
comment_loss, comment_trailing, alert_message, alert_profit, alert_loss,
alert_trailing, disable_alert) → void
```
Argumentsid (series string) The identifier of the orders, which corresponds to an
exit ID in the strategy's trades after an order fills. Strategy commands can
reference the order ID to cancel or modify pending exit orders. The Strategy Tester
and the chart display the order ID unless the command includes a `comment*`
argument that applies to the filled order.from\_entry (series string) Optional. The
entry order ID of the trade to exit from. If there is more than one open trade with
the specified entry ID, the command generates exit orders for all the entries from
before or at the time of the call. The default is an empty string, which means the
command generates exit orders for all open trades until the position closes.qty
(series int/float) Optional. The number of contracts/lots/shares/units to close
when an exit order fills. If specified, the command uses this value instead of
`qty_percent` to determine the order size. The exit orders reserve this quantity
from the position, meaning other calls to this command cannot close this portion
until the strategy fills or cancels those orders. The default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), which means the
order size depends on the `qty_percent` value.qty\_percent (series int/float)
Optional. A value between 0 and 100 representing the percentage of the open trade
quantity to close when an exit order fills. The exit orders reserve this percentage
from the applicable open trades, meaning other calls to this command cannot close
this portion until the strategy fills or cancels those orders. The percentage
calculation depends on the total size of the applicable open trades without
considering the reserved amount from other
[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.exit) calls. The command ignores this parameter if the `qty` value is
not [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na). The default
is 100.profit (series int/float) Optional. The take-profit distance, expressed in
ticks. If specified, the command creates a limit order to exit the trade `profit`
ticks away from the entry price in the favorable direction. The order executes at
the calculated price or a better value. If this parameter and `limit` are not [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), the command places
a take-profit order only at the price level expected to trigger an exit first. The
default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).limit
(series int/float) Optional. The take-profit price. If this parameter and `profit`
are not [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), the
command places a take-profit order only at the price level expected to trigger an
exit first. The default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).loss (series
int/float) Optional. The stop-loss distance, expressed in ticks. If specified, the
command creates a stop order to exit the trade `loss` ticks away from the entry
price in the unfavorable direction. The order executes at the calculated price or a
worse value. If this parameter and `stop` are not
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), the command
places a stop-loss order only at the price level expected to trigger an exit first.
The default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).stop (series
int/float) Optional. The stop-loss price. If this parameter and `loss` are not [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), the command places
a stop-loss order only at the price level expected to trigger an exit first. The
default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).trail\_price
(series int/float) Optional. The price of the trailing stop activation level. If
the value is more favorable than the entry price, the command creates a trailing
stop when the market price reaches that value. If less favorable than the entry
price, the command creates the trailing stop immediately when the current market
price is equal to or more favorable than the value. If this parameter and
`trail_points` are not
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), the command
sets the activation level using the value expected to activate the stop first. The
default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).trail\_points
(series int/float) Optional. The trailing stop activation distance, expressed in
ticks. If the value is positive, the command creates a trailing stop order when the
market price moves `trail_points` ticks away from the trade's entry price in the
favorable direction. If the value is negative, the command creates the trailing
stop immediately when the market price is equal to or more favorable than the level
`trail_points` ticks away from the entry price in the unfavorable direction. The
default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).trail\_offset
(series int/float) Optional. The trailing stop offset. When the market price
reaches the activation level determined by the `trail_price` or `trail_points`
parameter, or exceeds the level in the favorable direction, the command creates a
trailing stop with an initial value `trail_offset` ticks away from that level in
the unfavorable direction. After activation, the trailing stop moves toward the
market price each time the trade's profit reaches a better value, maintaining the
specified distance behind the best price. The default is
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).oca\_name
(series string) Optional. The name of the One-Cancels-All (OCA) group that the
command's take-profit, stop-loss, and trailing stop orders belong to. All orders
from this command are of the
[strategy.oca.reduce](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.reduce) OCA type. When an order of this OCA type with the same
`oca_name` executes, the strategy reduces the sizes of other unfilled orders in the
OCA group by the filled quantity. The default is an empty string, which means the
strategy assigns the OCA name automatically, and the resulting orders cannot reduce
or be reduced by the orders from other commands.comment (series string) Optional.
Additional notes on the filled order. If the value is not an empty string, the
Strategy Tester and the chart show this text for the order instead of the specified
`id`. The command ignores this value if the call includes an argument for a
`comment_*` parameter that applies to the order. The default is an empty
string.comment\_profit (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the filled
order. If the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the chart show
this text for the order instead of the specified `id` or `comment`. This comment
applies only to the command's take-profit orders created using the `profit` or
`limit` parameter. The default is an empty string.comment\_loss (series string)
Optional. Additional notes on the filled order. If the value is not an empty
string, the Strategy Tester and the chart show this text for the order instead of
the specified `id` or `comment`. This comment applies only to the command's stop-
loss orders created using the `loss` or `stop` parameter. The default is an empty
string.comment\_trailing (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the filled
order. If the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the chart show
this text for the order instead of the specified `id` or `comment`. This comment
applies only to the command's trailing stop orders created using the `trail_price`
or `trail_points` and `trail_offset` parameters. The default is an empty
string.alert\_message (series string) Optional. Custom text for the alert that
fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create Alert" dialog box
contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the alert message
replaces the placeholder with this text. The command ignores this value if the call
includes an argument for the other `alert_*` parameter that applies to the order.
The default is an empty string.alert\_profit (series string) Optional. Custom text
for the alert that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create
Alert" dialog box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the
alert message replaces the placeholder with this text. This message applies only to
the command's take-profit orders created using the `profit` or `limit` parameter.
The default is an empty string.alert\_loss (series string) Optional. Custom text
for the alert that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create
Alert" dialog box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the
alert message replaces the placeholder with this text. This message applies only to
the command's stop-loss orders created using the `loss` or `stop` parameter. The
default is an empty string.alert\_trailing (series string) Optional. Custom text
for the alert that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create
Alert" dialog box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the
alert message replaces the placeholder with this text. This message applies only to
the command's trailing stop orders created using the `trail_price` or
`trail_points` and `trail_offset` parameters. The default is an empty
string.disable\_alert (series bool) Optional. If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) when the
command creates an order, the strategy does not trigger an alert when that order
fills. This parameter accepts a "series" value, meaning users can control which
orders trigger alerts when they execute. The default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Exit bracket strategy", overlay = true)

// Inputs that define the profit and loss amount of each trade as a tick distance f
rom the entry price.
int profitDistanceInput = input.int(100, "Profit distance, in ticks", 1)
int lossDistanceInput = input.int(100, "Loss distance, in ticks", 1)

// Variables to track the take-profit and stop-loss price.

var float takeProfit = na
var float stopLoss = na

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28) and strategy.opentrades == 0

// Place a market order to enter a long position.
strategy.entry("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)
// Place a take-profit and stop-loss order when the entry order fills.
strategy.exit("My Long Exit ID", "My Long Entry ID", profit = profitDistanceInp
ut, loss = lossDistanceInput)

if ta.change(strategy.opentrades) == 1
//@variable The long entry price.
float entryPrice = strategy.opentrades.entry_price(0)
// Update the `takeProfit` and `stopLoss` values.
takeProfit := entryPrice + profitDistanceInput * syminfo.mintick
stopLoss := entryPrice - lossDistanceInput * syminfo.mintick

if ta.change(strategy.closedtrades) == 1
// Reset the `takeProfit` and `stopLoss`.
takeProfit := na
stopLoss := na

// Plot the `takeProfit` and `stopLoss`.

plot(takeProfit, "Take-profit level", color.green, 2, plot.style_linebr)
plot(stopLoss, "Stop-loss level", color.red, 2, plot.style_linebr)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Trailing stop strategy", overlay = true)

//@variable The distance required to activate the trailing stop.

float activationDistanceInput = input.int(100, "Trail activation distance, in ticks
") * syminfo.mintick
//@variable The number of ticks the trailing stop follows behind the price as it re
aches new peaks.
int trailDistanceInput = input.int(100, "Trail distance, in ticks")

//@function Draws a label and line at the specified `price` to visualize a trailing
stop order's activation level.
drawActivation(float price) =>
label.new(
bar_index, price, "Activation level", style = label.style_label_right,
color = color.gray, textcolor = color.white
)
line.new(
 bar_index, price, bar_index + 1, price, extend = extend.right, style = lin
e.style_dashed, color = color.gray
)

//@function Stops the `l` line from extending further.

method stopExtend(line l) =>
l.set_x2(bar_index)
l.set_extend(extend.none)

// The activation line, active trailing stop price, and active trailing stop flag.
var line activationLine = na
var float trailingStopPrice = na
var bool isActive = false

if bar_index % 100 == 0 and strategy.opentrades == 0

trailingStopPrice := na
isActive := false
// Place a market order to enter a long position.
strategy.entry("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)
//@variable The activation level's price.
float activationPrice = close + activationDistanceInput
// Create a trailing stop order that activates the defined number of ticks abov
e the entry price.
strategy.exit(
"My Long Exit ID", "My Long Entry ID", trail_price = activationPrice, trai
l_offset = trailDistanceInput,
oca_name = "Exit"
)
// Create new drawings at the `activationPrice`.
activationLine := drawActivation(activationPrice)

// Logic for trailing stop visualization.

if strategy.opentrades == 1
// Stop extending the `activationLine` when the stop activates.
if not isActive and high > activationLine.get_price(bar_index)
isActive := true
activationLine.stopExtend()
// Update the `trailingStopPrice` while the trailing stop is active.
if isActive
float offsetPrice = high - trailDistanceInput * syminfo.mintick
trailingStopPrice := math.max(nz(trailingStopPrice, offsetPrice), offsetPri
ce)

// Close the trade with a market order if the trailing stop does not activate befor
e the next 300th bar.
if not isActive and bar_index % 300 == 0
strategy.close_all("Market close")

// Reset the `trailingStopPrice` and `isActive` flags when the trade closes, and st
op extending the `activationLine`.
if ta.change(strategy.closedtrades) > 0
if not isActive
activationLine.stopExtend()
trailingStopPrice := na
isActive := false

// Plot the `trailingStopPrice`.

plot(trailingStopPrice, "Trailing stop", color.red, 3, plot.style_linebr)
```
RemarksA single call to the [strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) command can generate exit orders for
several entries in an open position, depending on the call's `from_entry` value. If
the call does not include a `from_entry` argument, it creates exit orders for all
open trades, even the ones opened after the call, until the position closes. See
[this](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#exits-for-
multiple-entries) section of our User Manual to learn more.When a position consists
of several open trades, and the `close_entries_rule` in the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement is "FIFO" (default), the orders from a [strategy.exit]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.exit) call exit
from the position starting with the first open trade. This behavior applies even if
the `from_entry` value is the entry ID of different open trades. However, in that
case, the maximum size of the exit orders still depends on the trades opened by
orders with the `from_entry` ID. For more information, see
[this](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#closing-a-
market-position) section of our User Manual.If a
[strategy.exit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.exit) call includes arguments for creating stop-loss and trailing
stop orders, the command places only the order that is supposed to fill first,
because both orders are of the "stop" type.
### strategy.opentrades.commission()

Returns the sum of entry and exit fees paid in the open trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.commission(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
// Calculates the gross profit or loss for the current open position.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.commission` Example", commission_type = strategy.com
mission.percent, commission_value = 0.1)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate gross profit or loss for open positions only.

tradeOpenGrossPL() =>
sumOpenGrossPL = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
sumOpenGrossPL += strategy.opentrades.profit(tradeNo) - strategy.opentrades
.commission(tradeNo)
result = sumOpenGrossPL

plot(tradeOpenGrossPL())

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.closedtrades.commission](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.commission)
### strategy.opentrades.entry\_bar\_index()
Returns the bar\_index of the open trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.entry_bar_index(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
// Wait 10 bars and then close the position.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.entry_bar_index` Example")

barsSinceLastEntry() =>
strategy.opentrades > 0 ? bar_index - strategy.opentrades.entry_bar_index(strat
egy.opentrades - 1) : na

// Enter a long position if there are no open positions.

if strategy.opentrades == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

// Close the long position after 10 bars.

if barsSinceLastEntry() >= 10
strategy.close("Long")

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_bar_index)
[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_bar_index)

### strategy.opentrades.entry\_comment()
Returns the comment message of the open trade's entry, or
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if there is no
entry with this `trade_num`.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.entry_comment(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.entry_comment()` Example", overlay = true)

stopPrice = open * 1.01

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, stop = stopPrice, comment = str.tostring(
stopPrice, "#.####"))

var testTable = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 3, color.orange, border_width = 1)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory or barstate.isrealtime
table.cell(testTable, 0, 0, 'Last entry stats')
table.cell(testTable, 0, 1, "Order stop price value: " + strategy.opentrades.en
try_comment(strategy.opentrades - 1))
table.cell(testTable, 0, 2, "Actual Entry Price: " + str.tostring(strategy.open
trades.entry_price(strategy.opentrades - 1)))

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_strategy.entry)[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.opentrades)

### strategy.opentrades.entry\_id()
Returns the id of the open trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.entry_id(trade_num) → series string
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.entry_id` Example", overlay = true)

// We enter a long position when 14 period sma crosses over 28 period sma.
// We enter a short position when 14 period sma crosses under 28 period sma.
longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))
shortCondition = ta.crossunder(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

// Strategy calls to enter a long or short position when the corresponding conditio
n is met.
if longCondition
strategy.entry("Long entry at bar #" + str.tostring(bar_index), strategy.long)
if shortCondition
strategy.entry("Short entry at bar #" + str.tostring(bar_index), strategy.short
)

// Display ID of the latest open position.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high + (2 * ta.tr), "Last opened position is \n " + strate
gy.opentrades.entry_id(strategy.opentrades - 1))

```
ReturnsReturns the id of the open trade's entry.RemarksThe function returns na if
trade\_num is not in the range: 0 to strategy.opentrades-1. See also:
[strategy.opentrades.entry\_bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.entry_bar_index)[strategy.opentrades.entry\
_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.opentrades.entry_price)[strategy.opentrades.entry\_time](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.entry_time)

### strategy.opentrades.entry\_price()
Returns the price of the open trade's entry.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.entry_price(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.entry_price Example 1", overlay = true)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if ta.crossover(close, ta.sma(close, 14))
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

// Return the entry price for the latest closed trade.

currEntryPrice = strategy.opentrades.entry_price(strategy.opentrades - 1)
currExitPrice = currEntryPrice * 1.05

if high >= currExitPrice

strategy.close("Long")

plot(currEntryPrice, "Long entry price", style = plot.style_linebr)

plot(currExitPrice, "Long exit price", color.green, style = plot.style_linebr)

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average price for the open position.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.entry_price Example 2", pyramiding = 2)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculates the average price for the open position.

avgOpenPositionPrice() =>
sumOpenPositionPrice = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
sumOpenPositionPrice += strategy.opentrades.entry_price(tradeNo) * strategy
.opentrades.size(tradeNo) / strategy.position_size
result = nz(sumOpenPositionPrice / strategy.opentrades)

plot(avgOpenPositionPrice())

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_price](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_price)

### strategy.opentrades.entry\_time()
Returns the UNIX time of the open trade's entry, expressed in milliseconds.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.entry_time(trade_num) → series int
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.entry_time Example")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")
// Calculates duration in milliseconds since the last position was opened.
timeSinceLastEntry()=>
strategy.opentrades > 0 ? (time - strategy.opentrades.entry_time(strategy.opent
rades - 1)) : na

plot(timeSinceLastEntry() / 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24, "Days since last entry")

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.entry\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.entry_time)
[strategy.closedtrades.exit\_time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.exit_time)

### strategy.opentrades.max\_drawdown()
Returns the maximum drawdown of the open trade, i.e., the maximum possible loss
during the trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown Example 1")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Plot the max drawdown of the latest open trade.

plot(strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown(strategy.opentrades - 1), "Max drawdown of th
e latest open trade")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the max trade drawdown value for all open trades.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown` Example 2", pyramiding = 100)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Get the biggest max trade drawdown value from all of the open trades.
maxTradeDrawDown() =>
maxDrawdown = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
maxDrawdown := math.max(maxDrawdown, strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown(trade
No))
result = maxDrawdown
plot(maxTradeDrawDown(), "Biggest max drawdown")

```
RemarksThe function returns na if trade\_num is not in the range: 0 to
strategy.closedtrades - 1. See also: [strategy.closedtrades.max\_drawdown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.closedtrades.max_drawdown)[strategy.max\_drawdown](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)

### strategy.opentrades.max\_drawdown\_percent()
Returns the maximum drawdown of the open trade, i.e., the maximum possible loss
during the trade, expressed as a percentage and calculated by formula: `Lowest
Value During Trade / (Entry Price x Quantity) * 100`.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also:
[strategy.opentrades.max\_drawdown](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.max_drawdown)[strategy.max\_drawdown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)

### strategy.opentrades.max\_runup()
Returns the maximum run up of the open trade, i.e., the maximum possible profit
during the trade, expressed in
[strategy.account\_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency).Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.max_runup(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.max_runup Example 1")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Plot the max runup of the latest open trade.

plot(strategy.opentrades.max_runup(strategy.opentrades - 1), "Max runup of the late
st open trade")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the max trade runup value for all open trades.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.opentrades.max_runup Example 2", pyramiding = 100)

// Enter a long position every 30 bars.

if bar_index % 30 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
// Calculate biggest max trade runup value from all of the open trades.
maxOpenTradeRunUp() =>
maxRunup = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
maxRunup := math.max(maxRunup, strategy.opentrades.max_runup(tradeNo))
result = maxRunup

plot(maxOpenTradeRunUp(), "Biggest max runup of all open trades")

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.max\_runup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.max_runup)[strategy.max\_drawdown]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_drawdown)

### strategy.opentrades.max\_runup\_percent()
Returns the maximum run-up of the open trade, i.e., the maximum possible profit
during the trade, expressed as a percentage and calculated by formula: `Highest
Value During Trade / (Entry Price x Quantity) * 100`.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.max_runup_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also:
[strategy.opentrades.max\_runup](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.opentrades.max_runup)[strategy.max\_runup](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.max_runup)

### strategy.opentrades.profit()
Returns the profit/loss of the open trade, expressed in [strategy.account\
_currency](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.account_currency). Losses are expressed as negative values.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.profit(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
// Returns the profit of the last open trade.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.profit` Example 1", commission_type = strategy.commi
ssion.percent, commission_value = 0.1)

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

plot(strategy.opentrades.profit(strategy.opentrades - 1), "Profit of the latest ope

n trade")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the profit for all open trades.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.profit` Example 2", pyramiding = 5)
// Strategy calls to enter 5 long positions every 2 bars.
if bar_index % 2 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, qty = 5)

// Calculate open profit or loss for the open positions.

tradeOpenPL() =>
sumProfit = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
sumProfit += strategy.opentrades.profit(tradeNo)
result = sumProfit

plot(tradeOpenPL(), "Profit of all open trades")

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.profit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.profit)[strategy.openprofit](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.openprofit)
[strategy.netprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.netprofit)[strategy.grossprofit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.grossprofit)

### strategy.opentrades.profit\_percent()
Returns the profit/loss of the open trade, expressed as a percentage. Losses are
expressed as negative values.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.profit_percent(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the closed trade. The number
of the first trade is zero. See also:
[strategy.opentrades.profit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.opentrades.profit)

### strategy.opentrades.size()
Returns the direction and the number of contracts traded in the open trade. If the
value is > 0, the market position was long. If the value is < 0, the market
position was short.Syntax
```
strategy.opentrades.size(trade_num) → series float
```
Argumentstrade\_num (series int) The trade number of the open trade. The number of
the first trade is zero.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.size` Example 1")

// We calculate the max amt of shares we can buy.

amtShares = math.floor(strategy.equity / close)
// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long, qty = amtShares)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Plot the number of contracts in the latest open trade.

plot(strategy.opentrades.size(strategy.opentrades - 1), "Amount of contracts in lat
est open trade")

```
Example
```
// Calculates the average profit percentage for all open trades.
//@version=6
strategy("`strategy.opentrades.size` Example 2")

// Strategy calls to enter long trades every 15 bars and exit long trades every 20
bars.
if bar_index % 15 == 0
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if bar_index % 20 == 0
strategy.close("Long")

// Calculate profit for all open trades.

profitPct = 0.0
for tradeNo = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1
entryP = strategy.opentrades.entry_price(tradeNo)
exitP = close
profitPct += (exitP - entryP) / entryP * strategy.opentrades.size(tradeNo) * 10
0

// Calculate average profit percent for all open trades.

avgProfitPct = nz(profitPct / strategy.opentrades)
plot(avgProfitPct)

```
See also[strategy.closedtrades.size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_strategy.closedtrades.size)[strategy.position\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_size)
[strategy.opentrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_strategy.opentrades)[strategy.closedtrades](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_strategy.closedtrades)

### strategy.order()
Creates a new order to open, add to, or exit from a position. If an unfilled order
with the same `id` exists, a call to this command modifies that order.The resulting
order's type depends on the `limit` and `stop` parameters. If the call does not
contain `limit` or `stop` arguments, it creates a [market
order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/#market-
orders) that executes on the next tick. If the call specifies a `limit` value but
no `stop` value, it places a [limit order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
docs/concepts/strategies/#limit-orders) that executes after the market price
reaches the `limit` value or a better price (lower for buy orders and higher for
sell orders). If the call specifies a `stop` value but no `limit` value, it places
a [stop order](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/
#stop-and-stop-limit-orders) that executes after the market price reaches the
`stop` value or a worse price (higher for buy orders and lower for sell orders). If
the call contains `limit` and `stop` arguments, it creates a
[stop-limit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/strategies/
#stop-and-stop-limit-orders) order, which generates a limit order at the `limit`
price only after the market price reaches the `stop` value or a worse price.Orders
from this command, unlike those from
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry), are not affected by the `pyramiding` parameter of the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement. Strategies can open any number of trades in the same
direction with calls to this function.This command does not automatically reverse
open positions because it does not exclusively create entry orders like
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry) does. For example, if there is an open long position of five
shares, an order from this command with a `qty` of 5 and a `direction` of
[strategy.short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.short) triggers the sale of five shares, which closes the
position.Syntax
```
strategy.order(id, direction, qty, limit, stop, oca_name, oca_type, comment,
alert_message, disable_alert) → void
```
Argumentsid (series string) The identifier of the order, which corresponds to an
entry or exit ID in the strategy's trades after the order fills. If the strategy
opens a new position after filling the order, the order's ID becomes the
[strategy.position\_entry\_name](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_strategy.position_entry_name) value. Strategy commands can
reference the order ID to cancel or modify pending orders and generate exit orders
for specific open trades. The Strategy Tester and the chart display the order ID
unless the command specifies a `comment` value.direction (series strategy\
_direction) The direction of the trade. Possible values:
[strategy.long](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.long) for a long trade,
[strategy.short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.short) for a short one.qty (series int/float) Optional. The number
of contracts/shares/lots/units to trade when the order fills. The default is [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), which means that
the command uses the `default_qty_type` and `default_qty_value` parameters of the
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
declaration statement to determine the quantity.limit (series int/float) Optional.
The limit price of the order. If specified, the command creates a limit or stop-
limit order, depending on whether the `stop` value is also specified. The default
is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na), which means
the resulting order is not of the limit or stop-limit type.stop (series int/float)
Optional. The stop price of the order. If specified, the command creates a stop or
stop-limit order, depending on whether the `limit` value is also specified. The
default is [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na),
which means the resulting order is not of the stop or stop-limit type.oca\_name
(series string) Optional. The name of the order's One-Cancels-All (OCA) group. When
a pending order with the same `oca_name` and `oca_type` parameters executes, that
order affects all unfilled orders in the group. The default is an empty string,
which means the order does not belong to an OCA group.oca\_type (input string)
Optional. Specifies how an unfilled order behaves when another pending order with
the same `oca_name` and `oca_type` values executes. Possible values:
[strategy.oca.cancel](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.cancel),
[strategy.oca.reduce](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.reduce), [strategy.oca.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.oca.none). The default is [strategy.oca.none]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.oca.none).comment (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the
filled order. If the value is not an empty string, the Strategy Tester and the
chart show this text for the order instead of the specified `id`. The default is an
empty string.alert\_message (series string) Optional. Custom text for the alert
that fires when an order fills. If the "Message" field of the "Create Alert" dialog
box contains the `{{strategy.order.alert_message}}` placeholder, the alert message
replaces the placeholder with this text. The default is an empty string.disable\
_alert (series bool) Optional. If [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_true) when the command creates an order, the strategy does not
trigger an alert when that order fills. This parameter accepts a "series" value,
meaning users can control which orders trigger alerts when they execute. The
default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Market order strategy", overlay = true)

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

// Place a market order to enter a long position when `sma14` crosses over `sma28`.
if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28) and strategy.position_size == 0
strategy.order("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)

// Place a market order to sell the same quantity as the long trade when `sma14` cr
osses under `sma28`,
// effectively closing the long position.
if ta.crossunder(sma14, sma28) and strategy.position_size > 0
strategy.order("My Long Exit ID", strategy.short)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Limit and stop exit strategy", overlay = true)

//@variable The distance from the long entry price for each short limit order.
float shortOffsetInput = input.int(200, "Sell limit/stop offset, in ticks", 1) * sy
minfo.mintick

//@function Draws a label and line at the specified `price` to visualize a limit or
der's level.
drawLimit(float price, bool isLong, bool isStop = false) =>
color col = isLong ? color.blue : color.red
label.new(
bar_index, price, (isLong ? "Long " : "Short ") + (isStop ? "stop" : "limi
t") + " order created",
style = label.style_label_right, color = col, textcolor = color.white
)
line.new(bar_index, price, bar_index + 1, price, extend = extend.right, style =
line.style_dashed, color = col)

//@function Stops the `l` line from extending further.

method stopExtend(line l) =>
l.set_x2(bar_index)
l.set_extend(extend.none)

// Initialize two `line` variables to reference limit and stop line IDs.
var line profitLimit = na
var line lossStop = na

// Calculate a 14-bar and 28-bar moving average of `close` prices.

float sma14 = ta.sma(close, 14)
float sma28 = ta.sma(close, 28)

if ta.crossover(sma14, sma28) and strategy.position_size == 0

// Place a market order to enter a long position.
strategy.order("My Long Entry ID", strategy.long)

if strategy.position_size > 0 and strategy.position_size[1] == 0

 //@variable The entry price of the long trade.
float entryPrice = strategy.opentrades.entry_price(0)
// Calculate short limit and stop levels above and below the `entryPrice`.
float profitLevel = entryPrice + shortOffsetInput
float lossLevel = entryPrice - shortOffsetInput
// Place short limit and stop orders at the `profitLevel` and `lossLevel`.
strategy.order("Profit", strategy.short, limit = profitLevel, oca_name = "Brack
et", oca_type = strategy.oca.cancel)
strategy.order("Loss", strategy.short, stop = lossLevel, oca_name = "Bracket",
oca_type = strategy.oca.cancel)
// Make new drawings for the `profitLimit` and `lossStop` lines.
profitLimit := drawLimit(profitLevel, isLong = false)
lossStop := drawLimit(lossLevel, isLong = false, isStop = true)

if ta.change(strategy.closedtrades) > 0
// Stop extending the `profitLimit` and `lossStop` lines.
profitLimit.stopExtend()
lossStop.stopExtend()

```
### strategy.risk.allow\_entry\_in()

This function can be used to specify in which market direction the [strategy.entry]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy.entry) function
is allowed to open positions.Syntax
```
strategy.risk.allow_entry_in(value) → void
```
Argumentsvalue (simple string) The allowed direction. Possible values:
[strategy.direction.all](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.direction.all),
[strategy.direction.long](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.direction.long),
[strategy.direction.short](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.direction.short)Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.risk.allow_entry_in")

strategy.risk.allow_entry_in(strategy.direction.long)
if open > close
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
// Instead of opening a short position with 10 contracts, this command will close l
ong entries.
if open < close
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short, qty = 10)

```
### strategy.risk.max\_cons\_loss\_days()

The purpose of this rule is to cancel all pending orders, close all open positions
and stop placing orders after a specified number of consecutive days with losses.
The rule affects the whole strategy.Syntax
```
strategy.risk.max_cons_loss_days(count, alert_message) → void
```
Argumentscount (simple int) A required parameter. The allowed number of consecutive
days with losses.alert\_message (simple string) An optional parameter which
replaces the {{strategy.order.alert\_message}} placeholder when it is used in the
"Create Alert" dialog box's "Message" field.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("risk.max_cons_loss_days Demo 1")
strategy.risk.max_cons_loss_days(3) // No orders will be placed after 3 days, if ea
ch day is with loss.
plot(strategy.position_size)

```
### strategy.risk.max\_drawdown()

The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum drawdown. The rule affects the
whole strategy. Once the maximum drawdown value is reached, all pending orders are
cancelled, all open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed.Syntax
```
strategy.risk.max_drawdown(value, type, alert_message) → void
```
Argumentsvalue (simple int/float) A required parameter. The maximum drawdown value.
It is specified either in money (base currency), or in percentage of maximum
equity. For % of equity the range of allowed values is from 0 to 100.type (simple
string) A required parameter. The type of the value. Please specify one of the
following values: [strategy.percent\_of\_equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.percent_of_equity) or
[strategy.cash](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.cash). Note: if equity drops down to zero or to a negative and the
'strategy.percent\_of\_equity' is specified, all pending orders are cancelled, all
open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed for good.alert\_message
(simple string) An optional parameter which replaces the {{strategy.order.alert\
_message}} placeholder when it is used in the "Create Alert" dialog box's "Message"
field.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("risk.max_drawdown Demo 1")
strategy.risk.max_drawdown(50, strategy.percent_of_equity) // set maximum drawdown
to 50% of maximum equity
plot(strategy.position_size)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("risk.max_drawdown Demo 2", currency = "EUR")
strategy.risk.max_drawdown(2000, strategy.cash) // set maximum drawdown to 2000 EUR
from maximum equity
plot(strategy.position_size)

```
### strategy.risk.max\_intraday\_filled\_orders()

The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum number of filled orders per 1 day
(per 1 bar, if chart resolution is higher than 1 day). The rule affects the whole
strategy. Once the maximum number of filled orders is reached, all pending orders
are cancelled, all open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed till
the end of the current trading session.Syntax
```
strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders(count, alert_message) → void
```
Argumentscount (simple int) A required parameter. The maximum number of filled
orders per 1 day.alert\_message (simple string) An optional parameter which
replaces the {{strategy.order.alert\_message}} placeholder when it is used in the
"Create Alert" dialog box's "Message" field.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("risk.max_intraday_filled_orders Demo")
strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders(10) // After 10 orders are filled, no more
strategy orders will be placed (except for a market order to exit current open mark
et position, if there is any).
if open > close
strategy.entry("buy", strategy.long)
if open < close
strategy.entry("sell", strategy.short)

```
### strategy.risk.max\_intraday\_loss()

The maximum loss value allowed during a day. It is specified either in money (base
currency), or in percentage of maximum intraday equity (0 -100).Syntax
```
strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(value, type, alert_message) → void
```
Argumentsvalue (simple int/float) A required parameter. The maximum loss value. It
is specified either in money (base currency), or in percentage of maximum intraday
equity. For % of equity the range of allowed values is from 0 to 100.type (simple
string) A required parameter. The type of the value. Please specify one of the
following values: [strategy.percent\_of\_equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.percent_of_equity) or
[strategy.cash](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_strategy.cash). Note: if equity drops down to zero or to a negative and the
[strategy.percent\_of\_equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#const_strategy.percent_of_equity) is specified, all pending orders are
cancelled, all open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed for
good.alert\_message (simple string) An optional parameter which replaces the
{{strategy.order.alert\_message}} placeholder when it is used in the "Create Alert"
dialog box's "Message" field.Example
```
// Sets the maximum intraday loss using the strategy's equity value.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss Example 1", overlay = false, default_qty_
type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 100)

// Input for maximum intraday loss %.

lossPct = input.float(10)

// Set maximum intraday loss to our lossPct input

strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(lossPct, strategy.percent_of_equity)

// Enter Short at bar_index zero.

if bar_index == 0
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)

// Store equity value from the beginning of the day

eqFromDayStart = ta.valuewhen(ta.change(dayofweek) > 0, strategy.equity, 0)

// Calculate change of the current equity from the beginning of the current day.
eqChgPct = 100 * ((strategy.equity - eqFromDayStart) / strategy.equity)

// Plot it
plot(eqChgPct)
hline(-lossPct)

```
Example
```
// Sets the maximum intraday loss using the strategy's cash value.
//@version=6
strategy("strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss Example 2", overlay = false)

// Input for maximum intraday loss in absolute cash value of the symbol.
absCashLoss = input.float(5)

// Set maximum intraday loss to `absCashLoss` in account currency.

strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(absCashLoss, strategy.cash)

// Enter Short at bar_index zero.

if bar_index == 0
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)

// Store the open price value from the beginning of the day.
beginPrice = ta.valuewhen(ta.change(dayofweek) > 0, open, 0)

// Calculate the absolute price change for the current period.

priceChg = (close - beginPrice)

hline(absCashLoss)
plot(priceChg)

```
See also[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy)[strategy.percent\_of\_equity](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.percent_of_equity)[strategy.cash](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_strategy.cash)

### strategy.risk.max\_position\_size()
The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum size of a market position. The
rule affects the following function:
[strategy.entry](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_strategy.entry). The 'entry' quantity can be reduced (if needed) to such
number of contracts/shares/lots/units, so the total position size doesn't exceed
the value specified in 'strategy.risk.max\_position\_size'. If minimum possible
quantity still violates the rule, the order will not be placed.Syntax
```
strategy.risk.max_position_size(contracts) → void
```
Argumentscontracts (simple int/float) A required parameter. Maximum number of
contracts/shares/lots/units in a position.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("risk.max_position_size Demo", default_qty_value = 100)
strategy.risk.max_position_size(10)
if open > close
strategy.entry("buy", strategy.long)
plot(strategy.position_size) // max plot value will be 10

```
### string()

4 overloadsCasts na to stringSyntax & Overloads[```

string(x) → const string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string-0)[```
string(x) → input string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string-1)[```
string(x) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string-2)[```
string(x) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string-3)Argumentsx
(const string) The value to convert to the specified type, usually
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value
of the argument after casting to string. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### syminfo.prefix()
2 overloadsReturns exchange prefix of the `symbol`, e.g. "NASDAQ".Syntax &
Overloads[```
syminfo.prefix(symbol) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.prefix-0)
[```
syminfo.prefix(symbol) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.prefix-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed
with a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL".Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo.prefix fun", overlay=true)
i_sym = input.symbol("NASDAQ:AAPL")
pref = syminfo.prefix(i_sym)
tick = syminfo.ticker(i_sym)
t = ticker.new(pref, tick, session.extended)
s = request.security(t, "1D", close)
plot(s)

```
ReturnsReturns exchange prefix of the `symbol`, e.g. "NASDAQ".RemarksThe result of
the function is used in the [ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)/[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.modify) and
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security). See also:
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.prefix](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.prefix)[syminfo.ticker](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.ticker)[ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)

### syminfo.ticker()
2 overloadsReturns `symbol` name without exchange prefix, e.g. "AAPL".Syntax &
Overloads[```
syminfo.ticker(symbol) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.ticker-0)
[```
syminfo.ticker(symbol) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.ticker-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed
with a prefix. For example: "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL".Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("syminfo.ticker fun", overlay=true)
i_sym = input.symbol("NASDAQ:AAPL")
pref = syminfo.prefix(i_sym)
tick = syminfo.ticker(i_sym)
t = ticker.new(pref, tick, session.extended)
s = request.security(t, "1D", close)
plot(s)

```
ReturnsReturns `symbol` name without exchange prefix, e.g. "AAPL".RemarksThe result
of the function is used in the [ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)/[ticker.modify](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.modify) and
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security). See also:
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.prefix](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.prefix)[syminfo.prefix](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_syminfo.prefix)[ticker.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)

### ta.alma()
2 overloadsArnaud Legoux Moving Average. It uses Gaussian distribution as weights
for moving average.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.alma(series, length, offset, sigma) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma-0)[```
ta.alma(series, length, offset, sigma, floor) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma-
1)Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series
int) Number of bars (length).offset (simple int/float) Controls tradeoff between
smoothness (closer to 1) and responsiveness (closer to 0).sigma (simple int/float)
Changes the smoothness of ALMA. The larger sigma the smoother ALMA.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.alma", overlay=true)
plot(ta.alma(close, 9, 0.85, 6))

// same on pine, but much less efficient

pine_alma(series, windowsize, offset, sigma) =>
m = offset * (windowsize - 1)
//m = math.floor(offset * (windowsize - 1)) // Used as m when math.floor=true
s = windowsize / sigma
norm = 0.0
sum = 0.0
for i = 0 to windowsize - 1
weight = math.exp(-1 * math.pow(i - m, 2) / (2 * math.pow(s, 2)))
norm := norm + weight
sum := sum + series[windowsize - i - 1] * weight
sum / norm
plot(pine_alma(close, 9, 0.85, 6))

```
ReturnsArnaud Legoux Moving Average.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are
included in calculations and will produce an `na` result. See also: [ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.swma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)

### ta.atr()
Function atr (average true range) returns the RMA of true range. True range is
max(high - low, abs(high - close[1]), abs(low - close[1])).Syntax
```
ta.atr(length) → series float
```
Argumentslength (simple int) Length (number of bars back).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.atr")
plot(ta.atr(14))

//the same on pine

pine_atr(length) =>
trueRange = na(high[1])? high-low : math.max(math.max(high - low, math.abs(high
- close[1])), math.abs(low - close[1]))
//true range can be also calculated with ta.tr(true)
ta.rma(trueRange, length)

plot(pine_atr(14))

```
ReturnsAverage true range.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored;
the function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[ta.tr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.tr)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)

### ta.barssince()
Counts the number of bars since the last time the condition was true.Syntax
```
ta.barssince(condition) → series int
```
Argumentscondition (series bool) The condition to check for.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.barssince")
// get number of bars since last color.green bar
plot(ta.barssince(close >= open))

```
ReturnsNumber of bars since condition was true.RemarksIf the condition has never
been met prior to the current bar, the function returns na.Please note that using
this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/). See
also: [ta.lowestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.lowestbars)[ta.highestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars)[ta.valuewhen](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen)[ta.highest](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest)[ta.lowest](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest)
### ta.bb()
Bollinger Bands. A Bollinger Band is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of
lines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a
simple moving average (SMA) of the security's price, but can be adjusted to user
preferences.Syntax
```
ta.bb(series, length, mult) → [series float, series float, series float]
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).mult (simple int/float) Standard deviation factor.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.bb")

[middle, upper, lower] = ta.bb(close, 5, 4)

plot(middle, color=color.yellow)
plot(upper, color=color.yellow)
plot(lower, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_bb(src, length, mult) =>
float basis = ta.sma(src, length)
float dev = mult * ta.stdev(src, length)
[basis, basis + dev, basis - dev]

[pineMiddle, pineUpper, pineLower] = f_bb(close, 5, 4)

plot(pineMiddle)
plot(pineUpper)
plot(pineLower)

```
ReturnsBollinger Bands.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the
function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.stdev]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.stdev)[ta.kc]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kc)

### ta.bbw()
Bollinger Bands Width. The Bollinger Band Width is the difference between the upper
and the lower Bollinger Bands divided by the middle band.Syntax
```
ta.bbw(series, length, mult) → series float
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).mult (simple int/float) Standard deviation factor.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.bbw")

plot(ta.bbw(close, 5, 4), color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_bbw(src, length, mult) =>
float basis = ta.sma(src, length)
float dev = mult * ta.stdev(src, length)
(((basis + dev) - (basis - dev)) / basis) * 100

plot(f_bbw(close, 5, 4))
```
ReturnsBollinger Bands Width.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored;
the function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[ta.bb](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.bb)[ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.stdev]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.stdev)

### ta.cci()
The CCI (commodity channel index) is calculated as the difference between the
typical price of a commodity and its simple moving average, divided by the mean
absolute deviation of the typical price. The index is scaled by an inverse factor
of 0.015 to provide more readable numbers.Syntax
```
ta.cci(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsCommodity channel index of source for length bars
back.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored.
### ta.change()

6 overloadsCompares the current `source` value to its value `length` bars ago and
returns the difference.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.change(source) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-0)[```
ta.change(source) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-1)[```
ta.change(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-2)[```
ta.change(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-3)[```
ta.change(source) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-4)[```
ta.change(source, length) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change-
5)Argumentssource (series int) Source series.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator('Day and Direction Change', overlay = true)
dailyBarTime = time('1D')
isNewDay = ta.change(dailyBarTime) != 0
bgcolor(isNewDay ? color.new(color.green, 80) : na)

isGreenBar = close >= open

colorChange = ta.change(isGreenBar)
plotshape(colorChange, 'Direction Change')

```
ReturnsThe difference between the values when they are numerical. When a 'bool'
source is used, returns `true` when the current source is different from the
previous source.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are included in
calculations and will produce an `na` result. See also:
[ta.mom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.mom)
[ta.cross](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.cross)

### ta.cmo()
Chande Momentum Oscillator. Calculates the difference between the sum of recent
gains and the sum of recent losses and then divides the result by the sum of all
price movement over the same period.Syntax
```
ta.cmo(series, length) → series float
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.cmo")
plot(ta.cmo(close, 5), color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_cmo(src, length) =>
float mom = ta.change(src)
float sm1 = math.sum((mom >= 0) ? mom : 0.0, length)
float sm2 = math.sum((mom >= 0) ? 0.0 : -mom, length)
100 * (sm1 - sm2) / (sm1 + sm2)

plot(f_cmo(close, 5))

```
ReturnsChande Momentum Oscillator.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are
ignored. See also:
[ta.rsi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rsi)
[ta.stoch](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.stoch)
[math.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sum)

### ta.cog()
The cog (center of gravity) is an indicator based on statistics and the Fibonacci
golden ratio.Syntax
```
ta.cog(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.cog", overlay=true)
plot(ta.cog(close, 10))

// the same on pine

pine_cog(source, length) =>
sum = math.sum(source, length)
num = 0.0
for i = 0 to length - 1
price = source[i]
num := num + price * (i + 1)
-num / sum

plot(pine_cog(close, 10))

```
ReturnsCenter of Gravity.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See
also:
[ta.stoch](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.stoch)

### ta.correlation()
Correlation coefficient. Describes the degree to which two series tend to deviate
from their
[ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)
values.Syntax
```
ta.correlation(source1, source2, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource1 (series int/float) Source series.source2 (series int/float) Target
series.length (series int) Length (number of bars back).ReturnsCorrelation
coefficient.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the function
calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)

### ta.cross()
Syntax
```
ta.cross(source1, source2) → series bool
```
Argumentssource1 (series int/float) First data series.source2 (series int/float)
Second data series.Returnstrue if two series have crossed each other, otherwise
false. See also:
[ta.change](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change)

### ta.crossover()
The `source1`-series is defined as having crossed over `source2`-series if, on the
current bar, the value of `source1` is greater than the value of `source2`, and on
the previous bar, the value of `source1` was less than or equal to the value of
`source2`.Syntax
```
ta.crossover(source1, source2) → series bool
```
Argumentssource1 (series int/float) First data series.source2 (series int/float)
Second data series.Returnstrue if `source1` crossed over `source2` otherwise false.
### ta.crossunder()

The `source1`-series is defined as having crossed under `source2`-series if, on the

current bar, the value of `source1` is less than the value of `source2`, and on the
previous bar, the value of `source1` was greater than or equal to the value of
`source2`.Syntax
```
ta.crossunder(source1, source2) → series bool
```
Argumentssource1 (series int/float) First data series.source2 (series int/float)
Second data series.Returnstrue if `source1` crossed under `source2` otherwise
false.
### ta.cum()

Cumulative (total) sum of `source`. In other words it's a sum of all elements of
`source`.Syntax
```
ta.cum(source) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source used for the calculation.ReturnsTotal sum
series. See also:
[math.sum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sum)

### ta.dev()
Measure of difference between the series and it's
[ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)Syntax
```
ta.dev(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.dev")
plot(ta.dev(close, 10))

// the same on pine

pine_dev(source, length) =>
mean = ta.sma(source, length)
sum = 0.0
for i = 0 to length - 1
val = source[i]
sum := sum + math.abs(val - mean)
dev = sum/length
plot(pine_dev(close, 10))

```
ReturnsDeviation of `source` for `length` bars back.Remarks`na` values in the
`source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.variance)[ta.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.stdev)

### ta.dmi()
The dmi function returns the directional movement index.Syntax
```
ta.dmi(diLength, adxSmoothing) → [series float, series float, series float]
```
ArgumentsdiLength (simple int) DI Period.adxSmoothing (simple int) ADX Smoothing
Period.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator(title="Directional Movement Index", shorttitle="DMI", format=format.price
, precision=4)
len = input.int(17, minval=1, title="DI Length")
lensig = input.int(14, title="ADX Smoothing", minval=1)
[diplus, diminus, adx] = ta.dmi(len, lensig)
plot(adx, color=color.red, title="ADX")
plot(diplus, color=color.blue, title="+DI")
plot(diminus, color=color.orange, title="-DI")

```
Returns[Tuple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#tuples) of three DMI series: Positive Directional Movement (+DI), Negative
Directional Movement (-DI) and Average Directional Movement Index (ADX). See also:
[ta.rsi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rsi)[ta.tsi]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.tsi)[ta.mfi]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.mfi)

### ta.ema()
The ema function returns the exponentially weighted moving average. In ema
weighting factors decrease exponentially. It calculates by using a formula: `EMA =
alpha * source + (1 - alpha) * EMA[1]`, where `alpha = 2 / (length + 1)`.Syntax
```
ta.ema(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.ema")
plot(ta.ema(close, 15))

//the same on pine

pine_ema(src, length) =>
alpha = 2 / (length + 1)
sum = 0.0
sum := na(sum[1]) ? src : alpha * src + (1 - alpha) * nz(sum[1])
plot(pine_ema(close,15))

```
ReturnsExponential moving average of `source` with alpha = 2 / (length +
1).RemarksPlease note that using this variable/function can cause [indicator
repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/repainting/).`na`
values in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length`
quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.rma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.swma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)[ta.alma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)

### ta.falling()
Test if the `source` series is now falling for `length` bars long.Syntax
```
ta.falling(source, length) → series bool
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Returnstrue if current `source` value is less than any
previous `source` value for `length` bars back, false otherwise.Remarks`na` values
in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length`
quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[ta.rising](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rising)

### ta.highest()
2 overloadsHighest value for a given number of bars back.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.highest(length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest-0)[```
ta.highest(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest-
1)Argumentslength (series int) Number of bars (length).ReturnsHighest value in the
series.RemarksTwo args version: `source` is a series and `length` is the number of
bars back.One arg version: `length` is the number of bars back. Algorithm uses high
as a `source` series.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.lowest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest)
[ta.lowestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.lowestbars)[ta.highestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars)[ta.valuewhen](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen)[ta.barssince](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.barssince)

### ta.highestbars()
2 overloadsHighest value offset for a given number of bars back.Syntax &
Overloads[```
ta.highestbars(length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars-0)
[```
ta.highestbars(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars-
1)Argumentslength (series int) Number of bars (length).ReturnsOffset to the highest
bar.RemarksTwo args version: `source` is a series and `length` is the number of
bars back.One arg version: `length` is the number of bars back. Algorithm uses high
as a `source` series.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.lowest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest)
[ta.highest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest)
[ta.lowestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.lowestbars)[ta.barssince](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.barssince)[ta.valuewhen](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen)

### ta.hma()
The hma function returns the Hull Moving Average.Syntax
```
ta.hma(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple int)
Number of bars.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Hull Moving Average")
src = input(defval=close, title="Source")
length = input(defval=9, title="Length")
hmaBuildIn = ta.hma(src, length)
plot(hmaBuildIn, title="Hull MA", color=#674EA7)

```
ReturnsHull moving average of 'source' for 'length' bars back.Remarks`na` values in
the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.ema](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)

### ta.kc()
2 overloadsKeltner Channels. Keltner channel is a technical analysis indicator
showing a central moving average line plus channel lines at a distance above and
below.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.kc(series, length, mult) → [series float, series float, series float]
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kc-0)[```
ta.kc(series, length, mult, useTrueRange) → [series float, series float, series
float]
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kc-
1)Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple
int) Number of bars (length).mult (simple int/float) Standard deviation
factor.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.kc")

[middle, upper, lower] = ta.kc(close, 5, 4)

plot(middle, color=color.yellow)
plot(upper, color=color.yellow)
plot(lower, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_kc(src, length, mult, useTrueRange) =>
float basis = ta.ema(src, length)
float span = (useTrueRange) ? ta.tr : (high - low)
float rangeEma = ta.ema(span, length)
[basis, basis + rangeEma * mult, basis - rangeEma * mult]

[pineMiddle, pineUpper, pineLower] = f_kc(close, 5, 4, true)

plot(pineMiddle)
plot(pineUpper)
plot(pineLower)

```
ReturnsKeltner Channels.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the
function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.atr]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.atr)[ta.bb](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.bb)

### ta.kcw()
2 overloadsKeltner Channels Width. The Keltner Channels Width is the difference
between the upper and the lower Keltner Channels divided by the middle
channel.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.kcw(series, length, mult) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kcw-0)[```
ta.kcw(series, length, mult, useTrueRange) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kcw-
1)Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple
int) Number of bars (length).mult (simple int/float) Standard deviation
factor.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.kcw")

plot(ta.kcw(close, 5, 4), color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

f_kcw(src, length, mult, useTrueRange) =>
float basis = ta.ema(src, length)
float span = (useTrueRange) ? ta.tr : (high - low)
float rangeEma = ta.ema(span, length)

((basis + rangeEma * mult) - (basis - rangeEma * mult)) / basis

plot(f_kcw(close, 5, 4, true))

```
ReturnsKeltner Channels Width.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are
ignored; the function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See
also: [ta.kc](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.kc)
[ta.ema](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.atr]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.atr)[ta.bb](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.bb)

### ta.linreg()
Linear regression curve. A line that best fits the prices specified over a user-
defined time period. It is calculated using the least squares method. The result of
this function is calculated using the formula: linreg = intercept + slope \*
(length - 1 - offset), where intercept and slope are the values calculated with the
least squares method on `source` series.Syntax
```
ta.linreg(source, length, offset) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source series.length (series int) Number of bars
(length).offset (simple int) Offset.ReturnsLinear regression curve.Remarks`na`
values in the `source` series are included in calculations and will produce an `na`
result.
### ta.lowest()

2 overloadsLowest value for a given number of bars back.Syntax & Overloads[```

ta.lowest(length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest-0)[```
ta.lowest(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest-
1)Argumentslength (series int) Number of bars (length).ReturnsLowest value in the
series.RemarksTwo args version: `source` is a series and `length` is the number of
bars back.One arg version: `length` is the number of bars back. Algorithm uses low
as a `source` series.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.highest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest)
[ta.lowestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.lowestbars)[ta.highestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars)[ta.valuewhen](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen)[ta.barssince](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.barssince)

### ta.lowestbars()
2 overloadsLowest value offset for a given number of bars back.Syntax &
Overloads[```
ta.lowestbars(length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowestbars-0)[```
ta.lowestbars(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowestbars-
1)Argumentslength (series int) Number of bars back.ReturnsOffset to the lowest
bar.RemarksTwo args version: `source` is a series and `length` is the number of
bars back.One arg version: `length` is the number of bars back. Algorithm uses low
as a `source` series.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.lowest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest)
[ta.highest](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest)
[ta.highestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.highestbars)[ta.barssince](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.barssince)[ta.valuewhen](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen)

### ta.macd()
MACD (moving average convergence/divergence). It is supposed to reveal changes in
the strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend in a stock's
price.Syntax
```
ta.macd(source, fastlen, slowlen, siglen) → [series float, series float, series
float]
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.fastlen (simple int)
Fast Length parameter.slowlen (simple int) Slow Length parameter.siglen (simple
int) Signal Length parameter.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("MACD")
[macdLine, signalLine, histLine] = ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)
plot(macdLine, color=color.blue)
plot(signalLine, color=color.orange)
plot(histLine, color=color.red, style=plot.style_histogram)

```
If you need only one value, use placeholders '\_' like this:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("MACD")
[_, signalLine, _] = ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)
plot(signalLine, color=color.orange)

```
Returns[Tuple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#tuples) of three MACD series: MACD line, signal line and histogram
line.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates
on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)

### ta.max()
Returns the all-time high value of `source` from the beginning of the chart up to
the current bar.Syntax
```
ta.max(source) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source used for the calculation.Remarks[na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) occurrences of
`source` are ignored.
### ta.median()

2 overloadsReturns the median of the series.Syntax & Overloads[```

ta.median(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.median-0)[```
ta.median(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.median-
1)Argumentssource (series int) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsThe median of the series.Remarks`na` values in the
`source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length` quantity of
non-`na` values.
### ta.mfi()

Money Flow Index. The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a technical oscillator that uses
price and volume for identifying overbought or oversold conditions in an
asset.Syntax
```
ta.mfi(series, length) → series float
```
Argumentsseries (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Money Flow Index")

plot(ta.mfi(hlc3, 14), color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine

pine_mfi(src, length) =>
float upper = math.sum(volume * (ta.change(src) <= 0.0 ? 0.0 : src), length)
float lower = math.sum(volume * (ta.change(src) >= 0.0 ? 0.0 : src), length)
mfi = 100.0 - (100.0 / (1.0 + upper / lower))
mfi

plot(pine_mfi(hlc3, 14))

```
ReturnsMoney Flow Index.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the
function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.rsi]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rsi)[math.sum]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_math.sum)

### ta.min()
Returns the all-time low value of `source` from the beginning of the chart up to
the current bar.Syntax
```
ta.min(source) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source used for the calculation.Remarks[na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) occurrences of
`source` are ignored.
### ta.mode()

2 overloadsReturns the [mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_%28statistics%29)

of the series. If there are several values with the same frequency, it returns the
smallest value.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.mode(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.mode-0)[```
ta.mode(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.mode-
1)Argumentssource (series int) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsThe most frequently occurring value from the
`source`. If none exists, returns the smallest value instead.Remarks`na` values in
the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length` quantity
of non-`na` values.
### ta.mom()

Momentum of `source` price and `source` price `length` bars ago. This is simply a
difference: source - source[length].Syntax
```
ta.mom(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Offset from the current bar to the previous bar.ReturnsMomentum of `source` price
and `source` price `length` bars ago.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are
included in calculations and will produce an `na` result. See also: [ta.change]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.change)

### ta.percentile\_linear\_interpolation()
Calculates percentile using method of linear interpolation between the two nearest
ranks.Syntax
```
ta.percentile_linear_interpolation(source, length, percentage) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process (source).length
(series int) Number of bars back (length).percentage (simple int/float) Percentage,
a number from range 0..100.ReturnsP-th percentile of `source` series for `length`
bars back.RemarksNote that a percentile calculated using this method will NOT
always be a member of the input data set.`na` values in the `source` series are
included in calculations and will produce an `na` result. See also: [ta.percentile\
_nearest\_rank](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.percentile_nearest_rank)

### ta.percentile\_nearest\_rank()
Calculates percentile using method of Nearest Rank.Syntax
```
ta.percentile_nearest_rank(source, length, percentage) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process (source).length
(series int) Number of bars back (length).percentage (simple int/float) Percentage,
a number from range 0..100.ReturnsP-th percentile of `source` series for `length`
bars back.RemarksUsing the Nearest Rank method on lengths less than 100 bars back
can result in the same number being used for more than one percentile.A percentile
calculated using the Nearest Rank method will always be a member of the input data
set.The 100th percentile is defined to be the largest value in the input data
set.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also: [ta.percentile\
_linear\_interpolation](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.percentile_linear_interpolation)

### ta.percentrank()
Percent rank is the percents of how many previous values was less than or equal to
the current value of given series.Syntax
```
ta.percentrank(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsPercent rank of `source` for `length` bars
back.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are included in calculations and
will produce an `na` result.
### ta.pivot\_point\_levels()

Calculates the pivot point levels using the specified `type` and `anchor`.Syntax
```
ta.pivot_point_levels(type, anchor, developing) → array<float>
```
Argumentstype (series string) The type of pivot point levels. Possible values:
"Traditional", "Fibonacci", "Woodie", "Classic", "DM", "Camarilla".anchor (series
bool) The condition that triggers the reset of the pivot point calculations. When
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true),
calculations reset; when [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), results calculated at the last reset persist.developing
(series bool) If
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), the
values are those calculated the last time the anchor condition was
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true). They
remain constant until the anchor condition becomes
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) again. If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
pivots are developing, i.e., they constantly recalculate on the data developing
between the point of the last anchor (or bar zero if the anchor condition was never
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true)) and the
current bar. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Weekly Pivots", max_lines_count=500, overlay=true)
timeframe = "1W"
typeInput = input.string("Traditional", "Type", options=["Traditional", "Fibonacci"
, "Woodie", "Classic", "DM", "Camarilla"])
weekChange = timeframe.change(timeframe)
pivotPointsArray = ta.pivot_point_levels(typeInput, weekChange)
if weekChange
for pivotLevel in pivotPointsArray
line.new(time, pivotLevel, time + timeframe.in_seconds(timeframe) * 1000, p
ivotLevel, xloc=xloc.bar_time)

```
ReturnsAn `array<float>` with numerical values representing 11 pivot point levels:
[P, R1, S1, R2, S2, R3, S3, R4, S4, R5, S5]. Levels absent from the specified
`type` return [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
values (e.g., "DM" only calculates P, R1, and S1).RemarksThe `developing` parameter
cannot be `true` when `type` is set to "Woodie", because the Woodie calculation for
a period depends on that period's open, which means that the pivot value is either
available or unavailable, but never developing. If used together, the indicator
will return a runtime error.
### ta.pivothigh()

2 overloadsThis function returns price of the pivot high point. It returns 'NaN',
if there was no pivot high point.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.pivothigh(leftbars, rightbars) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.pivothigh-0)[```
ta.pivothigh(source, leftbars, rightbars) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.pivothigh-
1)Argumentsleftbars (series int/float) Left strength.rightbars (series int/float)
Right strength.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("PivotHigh", overlay=true)
leftBars = input(2)
rightBars=input(2)
ph = ta.pivothigh(leftBars, rightBars)
plot(ph, style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3, color= color.red, offset=-rightBars)

```
ReturnsPrice of the point or 'NaN'.RemarksIf parameters 'leftbars' or 'rightbars'
are series you should use [max\_bars\_back](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_max_bars_back) function for the 'source' variable.
### ta.pivotlow()

2 overloadsThis function returns price of the pivot low point. It returns 'NaN', if
there was no pivot low point.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.pivotlow(leftbars, rightbars) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.pivotlow-0)[```
ta.pivotlow(source, leftbars, rightbars) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.pivotlow-
1)Argumentsleftbars (series int/float) Left strength.rightbars (series int/float)
Right strength.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("PivotLow", overlay=true)
leftBars = input(2)
rightBars=input(2)
pl = ta.pivotlow(close, leftBars, rightBars)
plot(pl, style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3, color= color.blue, offset=-rightBars)
```
ReturnsPrice of the point or 'NaN'.RemarksIf parameters 'leftbars' or 'rightbars'
are series you should use [max\_bars\_back](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_max_bars_back) function for the 'source' variable.
### ta.range()

2 overloadsReturns the difference between the min and max values in a series.Syntax
& Overloads[```
ta.range(source, length) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.range-0)[```
ta.range(source, length) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.range-
1)Argumentssource (series int) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsThe difference between the min and max values in the
series.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the function
calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values.
### ta.rci()

Calculates the Rank Correlation Index (RCI), which measures the directional
consistency of price movements. It evaluates the monotonic relationship between a
`source` series and the bar index over `length` bars using Spearman's rank
correlation coefficient. The resulting value is scaled to a range of -100 to 100,
where 100 indicates the `source` consistently increased over the period, and -100
indicates it consistently decreased. Values between -100 and 100 reflect varying
degrees of upward or downward consistency.Syntax
```
ta.rci(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsThe Rank Correlation Index, a value between -100 to
100. See also:
### ta.rising()

Test if the `source` series is now rising for `length` bars long.Syntax
```
ta.rising(source, length) → series bool
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Returnstrue if current `source` is greater than any
previous `source` for `length` bars back, false otherwise.Remarks`na` values in the
`source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.falling](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.falling)

### ta.rma()
Moving average used in RSI. It is the exponentially weighted moving average with
alpha = 1 / length.Syntax
```
ta.rma(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.rma")
plot(ta.rma(close, 15))

//the same on pine

pine_rma(src, length) =>
alpha = 1/length
 sum = 0.0
sum := na(sum[1]) ? ta.sma(src, length) : alpha * src + (1 - alpha) * nz(sum[1]
)
plot(pine_rma(close, 15))

```
ReturnsExponential moving average of `source` with alpha = 1 / `length`.Remarks`na`
values in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length`
quantity of non-`na` values. See also: [ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.wma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.swma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)[ta.alma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)[ta.rsi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.rsi)

### ta.roc()
Calculates the percentage of change (rate of change) between the current value of
`source` and its value `length` bars ago.It is calculated by the formula: 100 \*
change(src, length) / src[length].Syntax
```
ta.roc(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).ReturnsThe rate of change of `source` for `length` bars
back.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are included in calculations and
will produce an `na` result.
### ta.rsi()

Relative strength index. It is calculated using the `ta.rma()` of upward and

downward changes of `source` over the last `length` bars.Syntax
```
ta.rsi(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (simple int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.rsi")
plot(ta.rsi(close, 7))

// same on pine, but less efficient

pine_rsi(x, y) =>
u = math.max(x - x[1], 0) // upward ta.change
d = math.max(x[1] - x, 0) // downward ta.change
rs = ta.rma(u, y) / ta.rma(d, y)
res = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)
res

plot(pine_rsi(close, 7))

```
ReturnsRelative strength index.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are
ignored; the function calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See
also: [ta.rma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)

### ta.sar()
Parabolic SAR (parabolic stop and reverse) is a method devised by J. Welles Wilder,
Jr., to find potential reversals in the market price direction of traded
goods.Syntax
```
ta.sar(start, inc, max) → series float
```
Argumentsstart (simple int/float) Start.inc (simple int/float) Increment.max
(simple int/float) Maximum.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.sar")
plot(ta.sar(0.02, 0.02, 0.2), style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3)

// The same on Pine Script®

pine_sar(start, inc, max) =>
var float result = na
var float maxMin = na
var float acceleration = na
var bool isBelow = false
bool isFirstTrendBar = false

if bar_index == 1
if close > close[1]
isBelow := true
maxMin := high
result := low[1]
else
isBelow := false
maxMin := low
result := high[1]
isFirstTrendBar := true
acceleration := start

result := result + acceleration * (maxMin - result)

if isBelow
if result > low
isFirstTrendBar := true
isBelow := false
result := math.max(high, maxMin)
maxMin := low
acceleration := start
else
if result < high
isFirstTrendBar := true
isBelow := true
result := math.min(low, maxMin)
maxMin := high
acceleration := start

if not isFirstTrendBar
if isBelow
if high > maxMin
maxMin := high
acceleration := math.min(acceleration + inc, max)
else
if low < maxMin
maxMin := low
acceleration := math.min(acceleration + inc, max)
 if isBelow
result := math.min(result, low[1])
if bar_index > 1
result := math.min(result, low[2])

else
result := math.max(result, high[1])
if bar_index > 1
result := math.max(result, high[2])

result

plot(pine_sar(0.02, 0.02, 0.2), style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3)

```
ReturnsParabolic SAR.
### ta.sma()

The sma function returns the moving average, that is the sum of last y values of x,
divided by y.Syntax
```
ta.sma(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.sma")
plot(ta.sma(close, 15))

// same on pine, but much less efficient

pine_sma(x, y) =>
sum = 0.0
for i = 0 to y - 1
sum := sum + x[i] / y
sum
plot(pine_sma(close, 15))

```
ReturnsSimple moving average of `source` for `length` bars back.Remarks`na` values
in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.ema](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.swma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)[ta.alma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)

### ta.stdev()
Syntax
```
ta.stdev(source, length, biased) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).biased (series bool) Determines which estimate should be
used. Optional. The default is true.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.stdev")
plot(ta.stdev(close, 5))

//the same on pine

isZero(val, eps) => math.abs(val) <= eps

SUM(fst, snd) =>

EPS = 1e-10
res = fst + snd
if isZero(res, EPS)
res := 0
else
if not isZero(res, 1e-4)
res := res
else
15

pine_stdev(src, length) =>

avg = ta.sma(src, length)
sumOfSquareDeviations = 0.0
for i = 0 to length - 1
sum = SUM(src[i], -avg)
sumOfSquareDeviations := sumOfSquareDeviations + sum * sum

stdev = math.sqrt(sumOfSquareDeviations / length)

plot(pine_stdev(close, 5))

```
ReturnsStandard deviation.RemarksIf `biased` is true, function will calculate using
a biased estimate of the entire population, if false - unbiased estimate of a
sample.`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the function calculates on
the `length` quantity of non-`na` values. See also:
[ta.dev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.dev)
[ta.variance](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.variance)

### ta.stoch()
Stochastic. It is calculated by a formula: 100 \* (close - lowest(low, length)) /
(highest(high, length) - lowest(low, length)).Syntax
```
ta.stoch(source, high, low, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source series.high (series int/float) Series of
high.low (series int/float) Series of low.length (series int) Length (number of
bars back).ReturnsStochastic.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored.
See also:
[ta.cog](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.cog)

### ta.supertrend()
The Supertrend Indicator. The Supertrend is a trend following indicator.Syntax
```
ta.supertrend(factor, atrPeriod) → [series float, series float]
```
Argumentsfactor (series int/float) The multiplier by which the ATR will get
multiplied.atrPeriod (simple int) Length of ATR.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Pine Script® Supertrend")

[supertrend, direction] = ta.supertrend(3, 10)

plot(direction < 0 ? supertrend : na, "Up direction", color = color.green, style=pl
ot.style_linebr)
plot(direction > 0 ? supertrend : na, "Down direction", color = color.red, style=pl
ot.style_linebr)

// The same on Pine Script®

pine_supertrend(factor, atrPeriod) =>
src = hl2
atr = ta.atr(atrPeriod)
upperBand = src + factor * atr
lowerBand = src - factor * atr
prevLowerBand = nz(lowerBand[1])
prevUpperBand = nz(upperBand[1])

lowerBand := lowerBand > prevLowerBand or close[1] < prevLowerBand ? lowerBand

: prevLowerBand
upperBand := upperBand < prevUpperBand or close[1] > prevUpperBand ? upperBand
: prevUpperBand
int _direction = na
float superTrend = na
prevSuperTrend = superTrend[1]
if na(atr[1])
_direction := 1
else if prevSuperTrend == prevUpperBand
_direction := close > upperBand ? -1 : 1
else
_direction := close < lowerBand ? 1 : -1
superTrend := _direction == -1 ? lowerBand : upperBand
[superTrend, _direction]

[Pine_Supertrend, pineDirection] = pine_supertrend(3, 10)

plot(pineDirection < 0 ? Pine_Supertrend : na, "Up direction", color = color.green,
style=plot.style_linebr)
plot(pineDirection > 0 ? Pine_Supertrend : na, "Down direction", color = color.red,
style=plot.style_linebr)

```
Returns[Tuple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#tuples) of two supertrend series: supertrend line and direction of trend. Possible
values are 1 (down direction) and -1 (up direction). See also:
[ta.macd](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.macd)

### ta.swma()
Symmetrically weighted moving average with fixed length: 4. Weights: [1/6, 2/6,
2/6, 1/6].Syntax
```
ta.swma(source) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source series.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.swma")
plot(ta.swma(close))

// same on pine, but less efficient

pine_swma(x) =>
x[3] * 1 / 6 + x[2] * 2 / 6 + x[1] * 2 / 6 + x[0] * 1 / 6
plot(pine_swma(close))
```
ReturnsSymmetrically weighted moving average.Remarks`na` values in the `source`
series are included in calculations and will produce an `na` result. See also:
[ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.vwma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.alma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)

### ta.tr()
Calculates the current bar's true range. Unlike a bar's actual range (`high -
low`), true range accounts for potential gaps by taking the maximum of the current
bar's actual range and the absolute distances from the previous bar's [close]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close) to the current
bar's [high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high) and
[low](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low). The formula
is: `math.max(high - low, math.abs(high - close[1]), math.abs(low -
close[1]))`Syntax
```
ta.tr(handle_na) → series float
```
Argumentshandle\_na (simple bool) Defines how the function calculates the result
when the previous bar's
[close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close) is [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na). If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
function returns the bar's `high - low` value. If
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), it
returns
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsTrue
range. It is math.max(high - low, math.abs(high - close[1]), math.abs(low -
close[1])).Remarksta.tr(false) is exactly the same as
[ta.tr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ta.tr). See also:
[ta.tr](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_ta.tr)[ta.atr]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.atr)

### ta.tsi()
True strength index. It uses moving averages of the underlying momentum of a
financial instrument.Syntax
```
ta.tsi(source, short_length, long_length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Source series.short\_length (simple int) Short
length.long\_length (simple int) Long length.ReturnsTrue strength index. A value in
range [-1, 1].Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored; the function
calculates on the `length` quantity of non-`na` values.
### ta.valuewhen()

4 overloadsReturns the value of the `source` series on the bar where the
`condition` was true on the nth most recent occurrence.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series color
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen-0)[```
ta.valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen-1)[```
ta.valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen-2)[```
ta.valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series bool
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.valuewhen-
3)Argumentscondition (series bool) The condition to search for.source (series
color) The value to be returned from the bar where the condition is met.occurrence
(simple int) The occurrence of the condition. The numbering starts from 0 and goes
back in time, so '0' is the most recent occurrence of `condition`, '1' is the
second most recent and so forth. Must be an integer >= 0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.valuewhen")
slow = ta.sma(close, 7)
fast = ta.sma(close, 14)
// Get value of `close` on second most recent cross
plot(ta.valuewhen(ta.cross(slow, fast), close, 1))

```
RemarksThis function requires execution on every bar. It is not recommended to use
it inside a [for](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_for) or
[while](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_while) loop
structure, where its behavior can be unexpected. Please note that using this
function can cause [indicator repainting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
docs/concepts/repainting/). See also:
[ta.lowestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ta.lowestbars)[ta.highestbars](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.highestbars)[ta.barssince](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.barssince)[ta.highest](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.highest)[ta.lowest](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.lowest)

### ta.variance()
Variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a series from its mean
([ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)), and
it informally measures how far a set of numbers are spread out from their
mean.Syntax
```
ta.variance(source, length, biased) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).biased (series bool) Determines which estimate should be
used. Optional. The default is true.ReturnsVariance of `source` for `length` bars
back.RemarksIf `biased` is true, function will calculate using a biased estimate of
the entire population, if false - unbiased estimate of a sample.`na` values in the
`source` series are ignored; the function calculates on the `length` quantity of
non-`na` values. See also: [ta.dev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.dev)[ta.stdev](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ta.stdev)

### ta.vwap()
3 overloadsVolume weighted average price.Syntax & Overloads[```
ta.vwap(source) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwap-0)[```
ta.vwap(source, anchor) → series float
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwap-1)[```
ta.vwap(source, anchor, stdev_mult) → [series float, series float, series float]
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwap-
2)Argumentssource (series int/float) Source used for the VWAP calculation.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Simple VWAP")
vwap = ta.vwap(open)
plot(vwap)
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Advanced VWAP")
vwapAnchorInput = input.string("Daily", "Anchor", options = ["Daily", "Weekly", "Mo
nthly"])
stdevMultiplierInput = input.float(1.0, "Standard Deviation Multiplier")
anchorTimeframe = switch vwapAnchorInput
"Daily" => "1D"
"Weekly" => "1W"
"Monthly" => "1M"
anchor = timeframe.change(anchorTimeframe)
[vwap, upper, lower] = ta.vwap(open, anchor, stdevMultiplierInput)
plot(vwap)
plot(upper, color = color.green)
plot(lower, color = color.green)

```
ReturnsA VWAP series, or a tuple [vwap, upper\_band, lower\_band] if `stdev_mult`
is specified.RemarksCalculations only begin the first time the anchor condition
becomes [true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true).
Until then, the function returns [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na). See also: [ta.vwap](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_ta.vwap)

### ta.vwma()
The vwma function returns volume-weighted moving average of `source` for `length`
bars back. It is the same as: sma(source \* volume, length) / sma(volume,
length).Syntax
```
ta.vwma(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.vwma")
plot(ta.vwma(close, 15))

// same on pine, but less efficient

pine_vwma(x, y) =>
ta.sma(x * volume, y) / ta.sma(volume, y)
plot(pine_vwma(close, 15))

```
ReturnsVolume-weighted moving average of `source` for `length` bars
back.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also: [ta.sma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.wma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.wma)[ta.swma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)[ta.alma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)

### ta.wma()
The wma function returns weighted moving average of `source` for `length` bars
back. In wma weighting factors decrease in arithmetical progression.Syntax
```
ta.wma(source, length) → series float
```
Argumentssource (series int/float) Series of values to process.length (series int)
Number of bars (length).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ta.wma")
plot(ta.wma(close, 15))

// same on pine, but much less efficient

pine_wma(x, y) =>
norm = 0.0
sum = 0.0
for i = 0 to y - 1
weight = (y - i) * y
norm := norm + weight
sum := sum + x[i] * weight
sum / norm
plot(pine_wma(close, 15))

```
ReturnsWeighted moving average of `source` for `length` bars back.Remarks`na`
values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.sma](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.sma)[ta.ema]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.ema)[ta.rma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.rma)[ta.vwma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.vwma)[ta.swma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.swma)[ta.alma]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.alma)

### ta.wpr()
Williams %R. The oscillator shows the current closing price in relation to the high
and low of the past 'length' bars.Syntax
```
ta.wpr(length) → series float
```
Argumentslength (series int) Number of bars.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Williams %R", shorttitle="%R", format=format.price, precision=2)
plot(ta.wpr(14), title="%R", color=color.new(#ff6d00, 0))

```
ReturnsWilliams %R.Remarks`na` values in the `source` series are ignored. See also:
[ta.mfi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.mfi)[ta.cmo]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ta.cmo)

### table()
Casts na to tableSyntax
```
table(x) → series table
```
Argumentsx (series table) The value to convert to the specified type, usually [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na).ReturnsThe value of
the argument after casting to table. See also:
[float](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_float)[int]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_string)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label)

### table.cell()
The function defines a cell in the table and sets its attributes.Syntax
```
table.cell(table_id, column, row, text, width, height, text_color, text_halign,
text_valign, text_size, bgcolor, tooltip, text_font_family, text_formatting) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text (series string) The text to be displayed inside the
cell. Optional. The default is empty string.width (series int/float) The width of
the cell as a % of the indicator's visual space. Optional. By default, auto-adjusts
the width based on the text inside the cell. Value 0 has the same effect.height
(series int/float) The height of the cell as a % of the indicator's visual space.
Optional. By default, auto-adjusts the height based on the text inside of the cell.
Value 0 has the same effect.text\_color (series color) The color of the text.
Optional. The default is [color.black](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_color.black).text\_halign (series string) The horizontal
alignment of the cell's text. Optional. The default value is [text.align\_center]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center).
Possible values: [text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_text.align_left),
[text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center), [text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_right).text\_valign (series string) The
vertical alignment of the cell's text. Optional. The default value is [text.align\
_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_center). Possible values:
[text.align\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_top), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_bottom).text\_size (series int/string) Size of the object. The
size can be any positive integer, or one of the size.\* built-in constant strings.
The constant strings and their equivalent integer values are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
(0),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)
(8), [size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (14),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (20), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (36). The default value is
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal) or 14.bgcolor (series color) The background color of the text.
Optional. The default is no color.tooltip (series string) The tooltip to be
displayed inside the cell. Optional.text\_font\_family (series string) The font
family of the text. Optional. The default value is
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default). Possible values:
[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).text\_formatting (const text\_format) The formatting
of the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). Optional. The default is
[text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_none).RemarksThis function does not create the table itself, but
defines the table’s cells. To use it, you first need to create a table object with
[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new).Ea
ch [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell) call overwrites all previously defined properties of a cell. If
you call [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell) twice in a row, e.g., the first time with text='Test Text', and
the second time with text\_color=[color.red](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_color.red) but without a new text argument, the default
value of the 'text' being an empty string, it will overwrite 'Test Text', and your
cell will display an empty string. If you want, instead, to modify any of the
cell's properties, use the table.cell\_set\_\*() functions.A single script can only
display one table in each of the possible locations. If
[table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell)
is used on several bars to change the same attribute of a cell (e.g. change the
background color of the cell to red on the first bar, then to yellow on the second
bar), only the last change will be reflected in the table, i.e., the cell’s
background will be yellow. Avoid unnecessary setting of cell properties by
enclosing function calls in an [if](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_if) [barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_barstate.islast) block whenever possible, to restrict their
execution to the last bar of the series. See also: [table.cell\_set\_bgcolor]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)
[table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)[table.cell\_set\_text\
_formatting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_formatting)[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[table.cell\_set\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\
_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_bgcolor()
The function sets the background color of the cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_bgcolor(table_id, column, row, bgcolor) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.bgcolor (series color) The background color of the cell.
See also: [table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)[table.cell\
_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_height()
The function sets the height of cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_height(table_id, column, row, height) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.height (series int/float) The height of the cell as a %
of the chart window. Passing 0 auto-adjusts the height based on the text inside of
the cell. See also: [table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_text](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)[table.cell\
_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_text()
The function sets the text in the specified cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text(table_id, column, row, text) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text (series string) The text to be displayed inside the
cell.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("TABLE example")
var tLog = table.new(position = position.top_left, rows = 1, columns = 2, bgcolor =
color.yellow, border_width=1)
table.cell(tLog, row = 0, column = 0, text = "sometext", text_color = color.blue)
table.cell_set_text(tLog, row = 0, column = 0, text = "sometext")

```
See also[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)[table.cell\_set\_text\
_formatting](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_formatting)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_color()
The function sets the color of the text inside the cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_color(table_id, column, row, text_color) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_color (series color) The color of the text. See
also: [table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)
[table.cell\_set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_font\_family()
The function sets the font family of the text inside the cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_font_family(table_id, column, row, text_font_family) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_font\_family (series string) The font family of
the text. Possible values: [font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_default),
[font.family\_monospace](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_font.family_monospace).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Example of setting the table cell font")
var t = table.new(position.top_left, rows = 1, columns = 1)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, "monospace", text_color = color.blue)
table.cell_set_text_font_family(t, 0, 0, font.family_monospace)

```
See also[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.new)[font.family\_default](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_font.family_default)[font.family\_monospace](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_font.family_monospace)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_formatting()
Sets the formatting attributes the drawing applies to displayed text.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_formatting(table_id, column, row, text_formatting) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_formatting (const text\_format) The formatting of
the displayed text. Formatting options support addition. For example,
`text.format_bold + text.format_italic` will make the text both bold and
italicized. Possible values: [text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_none),
[text.format\_bold](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_bold), [text.format\_italic](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_text.format_italic). Optional. The default is
[text.format\_none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_text.format_none). See also:
[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text\_color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)[table.cell\_set\_text]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_halign()
The function sets the horizontal alignment of the cell's text.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_halign(table_id, column, row, text_halign) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_halign (series string) The horizontal alignment of
a cell's text. Possible values:
[text.align\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_left), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_right). See also:
[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[table.cell\_set\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\
_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_size()
The function sets the size of the cell's text.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_size(table_id, column, row, text_size) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_size (series int/string) Size of the object. The
size can be any positive integer, or one of the size.\* built-in constant strings.
The constant strings and their equivalent integer values are:
[size.auto](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.auto)
(0),
[size.tiny](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_size.tiny)
(8), [size.small](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.small) (10), [size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.normal) (14),
[size.large](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.large) (20), [size.huge](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_size.huge) (36). The default value is
[size.normal](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_size.normal) or 14. See also:
[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[table.cell\_set\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\
_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_text\_valign()
The function sets the vertical alignment of a cell's text.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_text_valign(table_id, column, row, text_valign) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.text\_valign (series string) The vertical alignment of
the cell's text. Possible values:
[text.align\_top](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_top), [text.align\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_text.align_center),
[text.align\_bottom](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_text.align_bottom). See also:
[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)[table.cell\_set\_text]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\
_set\_tooltip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.cell\_set\_tooltip()
The function sets the tooltip in the specified cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_tooltip(table_id, column, row, tooltip) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.tooltip (series string) The tooltip to be displayed
inside the cell.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("TABLE example")
var tLog = table.new(position = position.top_left, rows = 1, columns = 2, bgcolor =
color.yellow, border_width=1)
table.cell(tLog, row = 0, column = 0, text = "sometext", text_color = color.blue)
table.cell_set_tooltip(tLog, row = 0, column = 0, tooltip = "sometext")

```
See also[table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)
[table.cell\_set\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_width)[table.cell\_set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text)

### table.cell\_set\_width()
The function sets the width of the cell.Syntax
```
table.cell_set_width(table_id, column, row, width) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.column (series int) The index of
the cell's column. Numbering starts at 0.row (series int) The index of the cell's
row. Numbering starts at 0.width (series int/float) The width of the cell as a % of
the chart window. Passing 0 auto-adjusts the width based on the text inside of the
cell. See also: [table.cell\_set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_bgcolor)[table.cell\_set\_height](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_height)
[table.cell\_set\_text](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell_set_text)[table.cell\_set\_text\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_color)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_halign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_halign)[table.cell\_set\_text\_size](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_size)
[table.cell\_set\_text\_valign](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.cell_set_text_valign)[table.cell\_set\_tooltip](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.cell_set_tooltip)

### table.clear()
The function removes a cell or a sequence of cells from the table. The cells are
removed in a rectangle shape where the start\_column and start\_row specify the
top-left corner, and end\_column and end\_row specify the bottom-right
corner.Syntax
```
table.clear(table_id, start_column, start_row, end_column, end_row) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.start\_column (series int) The
index of the column of the first cell to delete. Numbering starts at 0.start\_row
(series int) The index of the row of the first cell to delete. Numbering starts at
0.end\_column (series int) The index of the column of the last cell to delete.
Optional. The default is the argument used for start\_column. Numbering starts at
0.end\_row (series int) The index of the row of the last cell to delete. Optional.
The default is the argument used for start\_row. Numbering starts at 0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("A donut", overlay=true)
if barstate.islast
colNum = 8, rowNum = 8
padding = "◯"
donutTable = table.new(position.middle_right, colNum, rowNum)
for c = 0 to colNum - 1
for r = 0 to rowNum - 1
table.cell(donutTable, c, r, text=padding, bgcolor=#face6e, text_color=
color.new(color.black, 100))
table.clear(donutTable, 2, 2, 5, 5)

```
See also[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.new)

### table.delete()
The function deletes a table.Syntax
```
table.delete(table_id) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table.delete example")
var testTable = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 1, bgc
olor = color.yellow, border_width = 1)
if barstate.islast
table.cell(table_id = testTable, column = 0, row = 0, text = "Open is " + str.t
ostring(open))
table.cell(table_id = testTable, column = 1, row = 0, text = "Close is " + str.
tostring(close), bgcolor=color.teal)
if barstate.isrealtime
table.delete(testTable)

```
See also[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.new)[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)

### table.merge\_cells()
The function merges a sequence of cells in the table into one cell. The cells are
merged in a rectangle shape where the start\_column and start\_row specify the top-
left corner, and end\_column and end\_row specify the bottom-right corner.Syntax
```
table.merge_cells(table_id, start_column, start_row, end_column, end_row) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.start\_column (series int) The
index of the column of the first cell to merge. Numbering starts at 0.start\_row
(series int) The index of the row of the first cell to merge. Numbering starts at
0.end\_column (series int) The index of the column of the last cell to merge.
Numbering starts at 0.end\_row (series int) The index of the row of the last cell
to merge. Numbering starts at 0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table.merge_cells example")
SMA50 = ta.sma(close, 50)
SMA100 = ta.sma(close, 100)
SMA200 = ta.sma(close, 200)
if barstate.islast
maTable = table.new(position.bottom_right, 3, 3, bgcolor = color.gray, border_w
idth = 1, border_color = color.black)
// Header
table.cell(maTable, 0, 0, text = "SMA Table")
table.merge_cells(maTable, 0, 0, 2, 0)
// Cell Titles
table.cell(maTable, 0, 1, text = "SMA 50")
table.cell(maTable, 1, 1, text = "SMA 100")
table.cell(maTable, 2, 1, text = "SMA 200")
// Values
table.cell(maTable, 0, 2, bgcolor = color.white, text = str.tostring(SMA50))
table.cell(maTable, 1, 2, bgcolor = color.white, text = str.tostring(SMA100))
table.cell(maTable, 2, 2, bgcolor = color.white, text = str.tostring(SMA200))

```
RemarksThis function will merge cells, even if their properties are not yet defined
with [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell).The resulting merged cell inherits all of its values from the cell
located at `start_column`:`start_row`, except width and height. The width and
height of the resulting merged cell are based on the width/height of other cells in
the neighboring columns/rows and cannot be set manually.To modify the merged cell
with any of the `table.cell_set_*` functions, target the cell at the
`start_column`:`start_row` coordinates.An attempt to merge a cell that has already
been merged will result in an error. See also:
[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.new)

### table.new()
The function creates a new table.Syntax
```
table.new(position, columns, rows, bgcolor, frame_color, frame_width, border_color,
border_width, force_overlay) → series table
```
Argumentsposition (series string) Position of the table. Possible values are:
[position.top\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left), [position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center),
[position.top\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_right),
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left),
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center),
[position.middle\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_right),
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left),
[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_center),
[position.bottom\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_right).columns (series int) The number of columns in the
table.rows (series int) The number of rows in the table.bgcolor (series color) The
background color of the table. Optional. The default is no color.frame\_color
(series color) The color of the outer frame of the table. Optional. The default is
no color.frame\_width (series int) The width of the outer frame of the table.
Optional. The default is 0.border\_color (series color) The color of the borders of
the cells (excluding the outer frame). Optional. The default is no color.border\
_width (series int) The width of the borders of the cells (excluding the outer
frame). Optional. The default is 0.force\_overlay (const bool) If
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the
drawing will display on the main chart pane, even when the script occupies a
separate pane. Optional. The default is [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table.new example")
var testTable = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 2, rows = 1, bgc
olor = color.yellow, border_width = 1)
if barstate.islast
table.cell(table_id = testTable, column = 0, row = 0, text = "Open is " + str.t
ostring(open))
table.cell(table_id = testTable, column = 1, row = 0, text = "Close is " + str.
tostring(close), bgcolor=color.teal)

```
ReturnsThe ID of a table object that can be passed to other table.\*()
functions.RemarksThis function creates the table object itself, but the table will
not be displayed until its cells are populated. To define a cell and change its
contents or attributes, use [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.cell) and other table.cell\_\*() functions.One [table.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new) call can only
display one table (the last one drawn), but the function itself will be
recalculated on each bar it is used on. For performance reasons, it is wise to use
[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new) in
conjunction with either the [var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_var) keyword (so the table object is only created on the first
bar) or in an [if](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_if)
[barstate.islast](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_barstate.islast) block (so the table object is only created on the last bar).
See also: [table.cell](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.cell)[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_border\_color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)
[table.set\_border\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_border_width)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_frame\_width]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)
[table.set\_position](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_bgcolor()
The function sets the background color of a table.Syntax
```
table.set_bgcolor(table_id, bgcolor) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.bgcolor (series color) The
background color of the table. Optional. The default is no color. See also:
[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_border\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)
[table.set\_border\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_border_width)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_frame\_width]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)
[table.set\_position](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_border\_color()
The function sets the color of the borders (excluding the outer frame) of the
table's cells.Syntax
```
table.set_border_color(table_id, border_color) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.border\_color (series color) The
color of the borders. Optional. The default is no color. See also: [table.clear]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.clear)
[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_border\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_width)
[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_frame\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_border\_width()
The function sets the width of the borders (excluding the outer frame) of the
table's cells.Syntax
```
table.set_border_width(table_id, border_width) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.border\_width (series int) The
width of the borders. Optional. The default is 0. See also:
[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_frame\_width]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)
[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_border\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_frame\_color()
The function sets the color of the outer frame of a table.Syntax
```
table.set_frame_color(table_id, frame_color) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.frame\_color (series color) The
color of the frame of the table. Optional. The default is no color. See also:
[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_border\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)
[table.set\_border\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_border_width)[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_frame\_width](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)[table.set\
_position](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_frame\_width()
The function set the width of the outer frame of a table.Syntax
```
table.set_frame_width(table_id, frame_width) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.frame\_width (series int) The
width of the outer frame of the table. Optional. The default is 0. See also:
[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_border\_width]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_width)
[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_border\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)[table.set\_position](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_position)

### table.set\_position()
The function sets the position of a table.Syntax
```
table.set_position(table_id, position) → void
```
Argumentstable\_id (series table) A table object.position (series string) Position
of the table. Possible values are:
[position.top\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_left), [position.top\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_position.top_center),
[position.top\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.top_right),
[position.middle\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_left),
[position.middle\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_center),
[position.middle\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.middle_right),
[position.bottom\_left](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_left),
[position.bottom\_center](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_center),
[position.bottom\_right](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_position.bottom_right). See also:
[table.clear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.clear)[table.delete](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_table.delete)[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_table.new)[table.set\_bgcolor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_bgcolor)[table.set\_border\_color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_border_color)
[table.set\_border\_width](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_table.set_border_width)[table.set\_frame\_color](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_color)[table.set\_frame\_width]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.set_frame_width)
### ticker.heikinashi()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting Heikin Ashi bar values.Syntax
& Overloads[```
ticker.heikinashi(symbol) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.heikinashi-0)
[```
ticker.heikinashi(symbol) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.heikinashi-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol ticker identifier.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.heikinashi", overlay=true)
heikinashi_close = request.security(ticker.heikinashi(syminfo.tickerid), timeframe.
period, close)

heikinashi_aapl_60_close = request.security(ticker.heikinashi("AAPL"), "60", close)

plot(heikinashi_close)
plot(heikinashi_aapl_60_close)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)[ticker.renko]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko)
[ticker.linebreak](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.linebreak)[ticker.kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi)[ticker.pointfigure](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure)

### ticker.inherit()
2 overloadsConstructs a ticker ID for the specified `symbol` with additional
parameters inherited from the ticker ID passed into the function call, allowing the
script to request a symbol's data using the same modifiers that the `from_tickerid`
has, including extended session, dividend adjustment, currency conversion, non-
standard chart types, back-adjustment, settlement-as-close, etc.Syntax &
Overloads[```
ticker.inherit(from_tickerid, symbol) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.inherit-0)
[```
ticker.inherit(from_tickerid, symbol) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.inherit-
1)Argumentsfrom\_tickerid (simple string) The ticker ID to inherit modifiers
from.symbol (simple string) The symbol to construct the new ticker ID for.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.inherit")

//@variable A "NASDAQ:AAPL" ticker ID with Extender Hours enabled.

tickerExtHours = ticker.new("NASDAQ", "AAPL", session.extended)
//@variable A Heikin Ashi ticker ID for "NASDAQ:AAPL" with Extended Hours enabled.
HAtickerExtHours = ticker.heikinashi(tickerExtHours)
//@variable The "NASDAQ:MSFT" symbol with no modifiers.
testSymbol = "NASDAQ:MSFT"
//@variable A ticker ID for "NASDAQ:MSFT" with inherited Heikin Ashi and Extended H
ours modifiers.
testSymbolHAtickerExtHours = ticker.inherit(HAtickerExtHours, testSymbol)
//@variable The `close` price requested using "NASDAQ:MSFT" with inherited modifier
s.
secData = request.security(testSymbolHAtickerExtHours, "60", close, ignore_invalid_
symbol = true)
//@variable The `close` price requested using "NASDAQ:MSFT" without modifiers.
compareData = request.security(testSymbol, "60", close, ignore_invalid_symbol = tru
e)

plot(secData, color = color.green)

plot(compareData)

```
RemarksIf the constructed ticker ID inherits a modifier that doesn't apply to the
symbol (e.g., if the `from_tickerid` has Extended Hours enabled, but no such option
is available for the `symbol`), the script will ignore the modifier when requesting
data using the ID.
### ticker.kagi()

2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting Kagi values.Syntax &

Overloads[```
ticker.kagi(symbol, reversal) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi-0)[```
ticker.kagi(symbol, reversal) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol ticker identifier.reversal (simple
int/float) Reversal amount (absolute price value).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.kagi", overlay=true)
kagi_tickerid = ticker.kagi(syminfo.tickerid, 3)
kagi_close = request.security(kagi_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)
plot(kagi_close)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.heikinashi)[ticker.renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko)[ticker.linebreak](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.linebreak)[ticker.pointfigure](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure)

### ticker.linebreak()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting Line Break values.Syntax &
Overloads[```
ticker.linebreak(symbol, number_of_lines) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.linebreak-0)
[```
ticker.linebreak(symbol, number_of_lines) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.linebreak-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol ticker identifier.number\_of\_lines
(simple int) Number of line.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.linebreak", overlay=true)
linebreak_tickerid = ticker.linebreak(syminfo.tickerid, 3)
linebreak_close = request.security(linebreak_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)
plot(linebreak_close)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.heikinashi)[ticker.renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko)[ticker.kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi)[ticker.pointfigure](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure)

### ticker.modify()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting additional data for the
script.Syntax & Overloads[```
ticker.modify(tickerid, session, adjustment) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.modify-0)[```
ticker.modify(tickerid, session, adjustment, backadjustment, settlement_as_close) →
simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.modify-
1)Argumentstickerid (series string) Symbol name with exchange prefix, e.g.
'BATS:MSFT', 'NASDAQ:MSFT' or tickerid with session and adjustment from the
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
function.session (series string) Session type. Optional argument. Possible values:
[session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.regular), [session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_session.extended). Session type of the current chart is
[syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.session). If session is not given, then
[syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.session) value is used.adjustment (series string) Adjustment type.
Optional argument. Possible values:
[adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.none), [adjustment.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.splits),
[adjustment.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.dividends). If adjustment is not given, then default adjustment
value is used (can be different depending on particular instrument).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker_modify", overlay=true)
t1 = ticker.new(syminfo.prefix, syminfo.ticker, session.regular, adjustment.splits)
c1 = request.security(t1, "D", close)
t2 = ticker.modify(t1, session.extended)
c2 = request.security(t2, "2D", close)
plot(c1)
plot(c2)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.session](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session)
[session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.extended)[session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_session.regular)[ticker.heikinashi](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.heikinashi)
[adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.none)[adjustment.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_adjustment.splits)[adjustment.dividends](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.dividends)
[backadjustment.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_backadjustment.inherit)[backadjustment.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.on)[backadjustment.off](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.off)[settlement\
_as\_close.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.inherit)[settlement\_as\_close.on](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.on)
[settlement\_as\_close.off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.off)

### ticker.new()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting additional data for the
script.Syntax & Overloads[```
ticker.new(prefix, ticker, session, adjustment) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new-0)[```
ticker.new(prefix, ticker, session, adjustment, backadjustment,
settlement_as_close) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new-
1)Argumentsprefix (series string) Exchange prefix. For example: 'BATS', 'NYSE',
'NASDAQ'. Exchange prefix of main series is
[syminfo.prefix](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.prefix).ticker (series string) Ticker name. For example 'AAPL',
'MSFT', 'EURUSD'. Ticker name of the main series is
[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.ticker).session (series string) Session type. Optional argument.
Possible values: [session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_session.regular),
[session.extended](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.extended). Session type of the current chart is [syminfo.session]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session). If
session is not given, then [syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session) value is used.adjustment (series string)
Adjustment type. Optional argument. Possible values:
[adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.none), [adjustment.splits](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#const_adjustment.splits),
[adjustment.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_adjustment.dividends). If adjustment is not given, then default adjustment
value is used (can be different depending on particular instrument).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.new", overlay=true)
t = ticker.new(syminfo.prefix, syminfo.ticker, session.regular, adjustment.splits)
t2 = ticker.heikinashi(t)
c = request.security(t2, timeframe.period, low, barmerge.gaps_on)
plot(c, style=plot.style_linebr)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function.RemarksYou may use return value of
[ticker.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.new)
function as input argument for
[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.heikinashi), [ticker.renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko),
[ticker.linebreak](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.linebreak), [ticker.kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi),
[ticker.pointfigure](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.pointfigure) functions. See also:
[syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[syminfo.session](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.session)[session.extended](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_session.extended)
[session.regular](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_session.regular)[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.heikinashi)[adjustment.none](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_adjustment.none)[adjustment.splits](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_adjustment.splits)
[adjustment.dividends](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_adjustment.dividends)[backadjustment.inherit](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.inherit)[backadjustment.on]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_backadjustment.on)
[backadjustment.off](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_backadjustment.off)[settlement\_as\_close.inherit](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.inherit)
[settlement\_as\_close.on](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#const_settlement_as_close.on)[settlement\_as\_close.off](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_settlement_as_close.off)

### ticker.pointfigure()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting Point & Figure values.Syntax
& Overloads[```
ticker.pointfigure(symbol, source, style, param, reversal) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure-
0)[```
ticker.pointfigure(symbol, source, style, param, reversal) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol ticker identifier.source (simple string)
The source for calculating Point & Figure. Possible values are: 'hl', 'close'.style
(simple string) Box Size Assignment Method: 'ATR', 'Traditional'.param (simple
int/float) ATR Length if `style` is equal to 'ATR', or Box Size if `style` is equal
to 'Traditional'.reversal (simple int) Reversal amount.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.pointfigure", overlay=true)
pnf_tickerid = ticker.pointfigure(syminfo.tickerid, "hl", "Traditional", 1, 3)
pnf_close = request.security(pnf_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)
plot(pnf_close)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.heikinashi)[ticker.renko](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko)[ticker.linebreak](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.linebreak)[ticker.kagi](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi)

### ticker.renko()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker identifier for requesting Renko values.Syntax &
Overloads[```
ticker.renko(symbol, style, param, request_wicks, source) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko-0)[```
ticker.renko(symbol, style, param, request_wicks, source) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.renko-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) Symbol ticker identifier.style (simple string)
Box Size Assignment Method: 'ATR', 'Traditional'.param (simple int/float) ATR
Length if `style` is equal to 'ATR', or Box Size if `style` is equal to
'Traditional'.request\_wicks (simple bool) Specifies if wick values are returned
for Renko bricks. When
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), [high]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_high) and [low]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_low) values requested
from a symbol using the ticker formed by this function will include wick values
when they are present. When [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false), [high](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_high) and [low](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_low) will always be equal to either
[open](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_open) or [close]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_close). Optional. The
default is
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false). A
detailed explanation of how Renko wicks are calculated can be found in our [Help
Center](https://www.tradingview.com/support/solutions/43000481040-what-do-renko-
wicks-mean/).source (simple string) The source used to calculate bricks. Optional.
Possible values: "Close", "OHLC". The default is "Close".Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.renko", overlay=true)
renko_tickerid = ticker.renko(syminfo.tickerid, "ATR", 10)
renko_close = request.security(renko_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)
plot(renko_close)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Renko candles", overlay=false)
renko_tickerid = ticker.renko(syminfo.tickerid, "ATR", 10)
[renko_open, renko_high, renko_low, renko_close] = request.security(renko_tickerid,
timeframe.period, [open, high, low, close])
plotcandle(renko_open, renko_high, renko_low, renko_close, color = renko_close > re
nko_open ? color.green : color.red)

```
ReturnsString value of ticker id, that can be supplied to [request.security]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
function. See also: [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid)[syminfo.ticker](https://www.tradingview.com/
pine-script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.ticker)[request.security](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_request.security)
[ticker.heikinashi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_ticker.heikinashi)[ticker.linebreak](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_ticker.linebreak)[ticker.kagi](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.kagi)[ticker.pointfigure](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.pointfigure)

### ticker.standard()
2 overloadsCreates a ticker to request data from a standard chart that is
unaffected by modifiers like extended session, dividend adjustment, currency
conversion, and the calculations of non-standard chart types: Heikin Ashi, Renko,
etc. Among other things, this makes it possible to retrieve standard chart values
when the script is running on a non-standard chart.Syntax & Overloads[```
ticker.standard(symbol) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.standard-0)
[```
ticker.standard(symbol) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_ticker.standard-
1)Argumentssymbol (simple string) A ticker ID to be converted into its standard
form. Optional. The default is [syminfo.tickerid](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_syminfo.tickerid).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("ticker.standard", overlay = true)
// This script should be run on a non-standard chart such as HA, Renko...

// Requests data from the chart type the script is running on.
chartTypeValue = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, "1D", close)

// Request data from the standard chart type, regardless of the chart type the scri
pt is running on.
standardChartValue = request.security(ticker.standard(syminfo.tickerid), "1D", clos
e)

// This will not use a standard ticker ID because the `symbol` argument contains on
ly the ticker — not the prefix (exchange).
standardChartValue2 = request.security(ticker.standard(syminfo.ticker), "1D", close
)

plot(chartTypeValue)
plot(standardChartValue, color = color.green)

```
ReturnsA string representing the ticker of a standard chart in the "prefix:ticker"
format. If the `symbol` argument does not contain the prefix and ticker
information, the function returns the supplied argument as is. See also:
[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_request.security)

### time()
3 overloadsThe time function returns the UNIX time of the current bar for the
specified timeframe and session or NaN if the time point is out of session.Syntax &
Overloads[```
time(timeframe, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time-0)[```
time(timeframe, session, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time-1)[```
time(timeframe, session, timezone, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time-
2)Argumentstimeframe (series string) Timeframe. An empty string is interpreted as
the current timeframe of the chart.bars\_back (series int) Optional. The bar offset
on the script's main timeframe. If the value is positive, the function retrieves
the timestamp of the bar N bars back relative to the current bar on the main
timeframe. If the value is a negative number from -1 to -500, the function
retrieves the expected time of a future bar on that timeframe. The default is
0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Time", overlay=true)
// Try this on chart AAPL,1
timeinrange(res, sess) => not na(time(res, sess, "America/New_York")) ? 1 : 0
plot(timeinrange("1", "1300-1400"), color=color.red)

// This plots 1.0 at every start of 10 minute bar on a 1 minute chart:

newbar(res) => ta.change(time(res)) == 0 ? 0 : 1
plot(newbar("10"))

```
While setting up a session you can specify not just the hours and minutes but also
the days of the week that will be included in that session.If the days aren't
specified, the session is considered to have been set from Sunday (1) to Saturday
(7), i.e. "1100-2000" is the same as "1100-1200:1234567".You can change that by
specifying the days. For example, on a symbol that is traded seven days a week with
the 24-hour trading session the following script will not color Saturdays and
Sundays:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Time", overlay=true)
t1 = time(timeframe.period, "0000-0000:23456")
bgcolor(not na(t1) ? color.new(color.blue, 90) : na)

```
One `session` argument can include several different sessions, separated by commas.
For example, the following script will highlight the bars from 10:00 to 11:00 and
from 14:00 to 15:00 (workdays only):Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Time", overlay=true)
t1 = time(timeframe.period, "1000-1100,1400-1500:23456")
bgcolor(not na(t1) ? color.new(color.blue, 90) : na)

```
ReturnsUNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time)

### time\_close()
3 overloadsReturns the UNIX time of the current bar's close for the specified
timeframe and session, or
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) if the time
point is outside the session. On non-standard price-based chart types (Renko, Line
break, Kagi, Point & Figure, and Range), this function returns
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na) on the chart's
realtime bars.Syntax & Overloads[```
time_close(timeframe, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time_close-0)[```
time_close(timeframe, session, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time_close-1)[```
time_close(timeframe, session, timezone, bars_back) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time_close-
2)Argumentstimeframe (series string) Resolution. An empty string is interpreted as
the current resolution of the chart.bars\_back (series int) Optional. The bar
offset on the script's main timeframe. If the value is positive, the function
retrieves the timestamp of the bar N bars back relative to the current bar on the
main timeframe. If the value is a negative number from -1 to -500, the function
retrieves the expected time of a future bar on that timeframe. The default is
0.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Time", overlay=true)
t1 = time_close(timeframe.period, "1200-1300", "America/New_York")
bgcolor(not na(t1) ? color.new(color.blue, 90) : na)

```
ReturnsUNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[time\_close](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_time_close)

### timeframe.change()
Detects changes in the specified `timeframe`.Syntax
```
timeframe.change(timeframe) → series bool
```
Argumentstimeframe (series string) String formatted according to the [User manual's
timeframe string
specifications](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/timeframes/
#timeframe-string-specifications).Example
```
//@version=6
// Run this script on an intraday chart.
indicator("New day started", overlay = true)
// Highlights the first bar of the new day.
isNewDay = timeframe.change("1D")
bgcolor(isNewDay ? color.new(color.green, 80) : na)

```
ReturnsReturns
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) on the
first bar of a new `timeframe`, [false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#const_false) otherwise.
### timeframe.from\_seconds()

2 overloadsConverts a number of seconds into a valid timeframe string.Syntax &

Overloads[```
timeframe.from_seconds(seconds) → simple string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_timeframe.from_seconds-0)[```
timeframe.from_seconds(seconds) → series string
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_timeframe.from_seconds-1)Argumentsseconds (simple int) The number of seconds
in the timeframe.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("HTF Close", "", true)
int chartTf = timeframe.in_seconds()
string tfTimes5 = timeframe.from_seconds(chartTf * 5)
float htfClose = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, tfTimes5, close)
plot(htfClose)

```
ReturnsA timeframe string compliant with [timeframe string specifications]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/timeframes/#timeframe-
string-specifications).RemarksIf no valid timeframe exists for the quantity of
seconds supplied, the next higher valid timeframe will be returned. Accordingly,
one second or less will return "1S", 2-5 seconds will return "5S", and 604,799
seconds (one second less than 7 days) will return "7D".If the seconds exactly
represent two or more valid timeframes, the one with the larger base unit will be
used. Thus 604,800 seconds (7 days) returns "1W", not "7D".All values above
31,622,400 (366 days) return "12M". See also:
[timeframe.in\_seconds](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_timeframe.in_seconds)[request.security](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#var_request.security)[request.security\_lower\_tf](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_request.security_lower_tf)

### timeframe.in\_seconds()
2 overloadsConverts a timeframe string into seconds.Syntax & Overloads[```
timeframe.in_seconds(timeframe) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_timeframe.in_seconds-0)[```
timeframe.in_seconds(timeframe) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_timeframe.in_seconds-1)Argumentstimeframe (simple string) Timeframe string in
[timeframe string
specifications](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/timeframes/
#timeframe-string-specifications) format. Optional. The default is
[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#var_timeframe.period).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`timeframe_in_seconds()`")

// Get a user-selected timeframe.

tfInput = input.timeframe("1D")

// Convert it into an "int" number of seconds.

secondsInTf = timeframe.in_seconds(tfInput)

plot(secondsInTf)

```
ReturnsThe "int" representation of the number of seconds in the timeframe
string.RemarksWhen the timeframe is "1M" or more, calculations use 2628003 as the
number of seconds in one month, which represents 30.4167 (365/12) days. See also:
[input.timeframe](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_input.timeframe)[timeframe.period](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_timeframe.period)[timeframe.from\_seconds](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timeframe.from_seconds)

### timestamp()
5 overloadsFunction timestamp returns UNIX time of specified date and time.Syntax &
Overloads[```
timestamp(dateString) → const int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp-0)[```
timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp-1)[```
timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp-2)[```
timestamp(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → simple int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp-3)[```
timestamp(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_timestamp-
4)ArgumentsdateString (const string) A string containing the date and, optionally,
the time and time zone. Its format must comply with either the [IETF RFC 2822]
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822#section-3.3) or [ISO
8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) standards ("DD MMM YYYY hh:mm:ss
±hhmm" or "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss±hh:mm", so "20 Feb 2020" or "2020-02-20"). If no
time is supplied, "00:00" is used. If no time zone is supplied, GMT+0 will be used.
Note that this diverges from the usual behavior of the function where it returns
time in the exchange's timezone.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("timestamp")
plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), linewidth=3, color=color.green)
plot(timestamp(syminfo.timezone, 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.blue)
plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.yellow)
plot(timestamp("GMT+6", 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30))
plot(timestamp(2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.lime)
plot(timestamp("GMT+3", 2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.fuchsia)
plot(timestamp("Feb 01 2020 22:10:05"))
plot(timestamp("2011-10-10T14:48:00"))
plot(timestamp("04 Dec 1995 00:12:00 GMT+5"))

```
ReturnsUNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. See also:
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)

### weekofyear()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
weekofyear(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_weekofyear-0)[```
weekofyear(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_weekofyear-
1)Argumentstime (series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsWeek of year (in
exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of
milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Note that this
function returns the week based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight
sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can
be lower by 1 than the week of the trading day. See also:
[weekofyear](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_weekofyear)
[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_time)[year]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year)[month](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_hour)[minute](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_minute)[second](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_second)

### year()
2 overloadsSyntax & Overloads[```
year(time) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year-0)[```
year(time, timezone) → series int
```](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_year-1)Argumentstime
(series int) UNIX time in milliseconds.ReturnsYear (in exchange timezone) for
provided UNIX time.RemarksUNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed
since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.Note that this function returns the year based
on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday
session starts on Sunday, 17:00 UTC-4) this value can be lower by 1 than the year
of the trading day. See also: [year](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_year)[time](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/
v6/#fun_time)[month](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_month)[dayofmonth](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_dayofmonth)[dayofweek](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_dayofweek)[hour](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_hour)[minute](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_minute)[second](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_second)
## Keywords

### and

Logical AND. Applicable to boolean expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 and expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.RemarksIf `expr1` evaluates to
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false), the
`and` operator returns
[false](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false) without
evaluating `expr2`.
### enum

This keyword allows the creation of an enumeration, enum for short. Enums are
unique constructs that hold groups of predefined constants.Each field in an enum
has a `const string` title. Scripts can access the fields in an enum using dot
notation, similar to accessing the fields of a user-defined type.Each field
represents a value of the `enumName` enum. Scripts can declare each field in an
`enum` with an optional `const string` title. If a field's title is not specified,
its title is the string representation of its name. Use
[str.tostring](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_str.tostring) on an enum field to retrieve its title.Syntax
```
[export ]enum <enumName>
<field_1> [= <title_1>]
<field_2> [= <title_2>]
...
<field_N> [= <title_N>]
```
One can use an enum to quickly create a dropdown input with the help of the
[input.enum](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_input.enum)
function. The options that appear in the dropdown represent the titles of the enum
fields.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Session highlight", overlay = true)

//@enum Contains fields with popular timezones as titles.

//@field exch Has an empty string as the title to represent the chart timezone.
enum tz
utc = "UTC"
exch = ""
ny = "America/New_York"
 chi = "America/Chicago"
lon = "Europe/London"
tok = "Asia/Tokyo"

//@variable The session string.

selectedSession = input.session("1200-1500", "Session")
//@variable The selected timezone. The input's dropdown contains the fields in the
`tz` enum.
selectedTimezone = input.enum(tz.utc, "Session Timezone")

//@variable Is `true` if the current bar's time is in the specified session.

bool inSession = false
if not na(time("", selectedSession, str.tostring(selectedTimezone)))
inSession := true

// Highlight the background when `inSession` is `true`.

bgcolor(inSession ? color.new(color.green, 90) : na, title = "Active session highli
ght")

```
Additionally, one can use an enum in a collection's type template to restrict the
values it will allow as elements. When used inside a type template, the collection
will only accept fields that belong to the specified enum.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Map with enum keys")

//@enum Contains fields with titles representing ticker IDs.

//@field aapl Has an Apple ticker ID as its title.
//@field tsla Has a Tesla ticker ID as its title.
//@field amzn Has an Amazon ticker ID as its title.
enum symbols
aapl = "NASDAQ:AAPL"
tsla = "NASDAQ:TSLA"
amzn = "NASDAQ:AMZN"

//@variable A map that accepts fields from the `symbols` enum as keys and "float" v
alues.
map<symbols, float> data = map.new<symbols, float>()
// Put key-value pairs into the `data` map.
data.put(symbols.aapl, request.security(str.tostring(symbols.aapl), timeframe.perio
d, close))
data.put(symbols.tsla, request.security(str.tostring(symbols.tsla), timeframe.perio
d, close))
data.put(symbols.amzn, request.security(str.tostring(symbols.amzn), timeframe.perio
d, close))
// Plot the value from the `data` map accessed by the `symbols.aapl` key.
plot(data.get(symbols.aapl))

```
### export

Used in libraries to prefix the declaration of functions or user-defined type

definitions that will be available from other scripts importing the library.Example
```
//@version=6
//@description Library of debugging functions.
library("Debugging_library", overlay = true)
//@function Displays a string as a table cell for debugging purposes.
//@param txt String to display.
//@returns Void.
export print(string txt) =>
var table t = table.new(position.middle_right, 1, 1)
table.cell(t, 0, 0, txt, bgcolor = color.yellow)
// Using the function from inside the library to show an example on the published c
hart.
// This has no impact on scripts using the library.
print("Library Test")

```
RemarksEach library must have at least one exported function or user-defined type
(UDT).Exported functions cannot use variables from the global scope if they are
arrays, mutable variables (reassigned with `:=`), or variables of 'input'
form.Exported functions cannot use `request.*()` functions.Exported functions must
explicitly declare each parameter's type and all parameters must be used in the
function's body. By default, all arguments passed to exported functions are of the
[series](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_series) form,
unless they are explicitly specified as [simple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_simple) in the function's signature.The @description,
@function, @param, @type, @field, and @returns compiler annotations are used to
automatically generate the library's description and release notes, and in the Pine
Script® Editor's tooltips. See also: [library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_library)[import](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_import)[simple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_simple)[series](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_series)[type](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_type)

### for
The 'for' structure allows the repeated execution of a number of statements:Syntax
```
[var_declaration =] for counter = from_num to to_num [by step_num]
statements | continue | break
return_expression
```
**var\_declaration** - An optional variable declaration that will be assigned the
value of the loop's return\_expression.**counter** - A variable holding the value
of the loop's counter, which is incremented/decremented by 1 or by the step\_num
value on each iteration of the loop.**from\_num** - The starting value of the
counter. "series int/float" values/expressions are allowed.**to\_num** - The end
value of the counter. When the counter becomes greater than to\_num (or less than
to\_num in cases where from\_num > to\_num) the loop is broken. "series int/float"
values/expressions are allowed, but they are evaluated only on the loop's first
iteration.**step\_num** - The increment/decrement value of the counter. It is
optional. The default value is +1 or -1, depending on which of from\_num or to\_num
is the greatest. When a value is used, the counter is also incremented/decremented
depending on which of from\_num or to\_num is the greatest, so the +/- sign of
step\_num is optional.**statements | continue | break** - Any number of statements,
or the 'continue' or 'break' keywords, indented by 4 spaces or a tab.**return\
_expression** - The loop's return value which is assigned to the variable in var\
_declaration if one is present. If the loop exits because of a 'continue' or
'break' keyword, the loop's return value is that of the last variable assigned a
value before the loop's exit.**continue** - A keyword that can only be used in
loops. It causes the next iteration of the loop to be executed.**break** - A
keyword that exits the loop.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("for")
// Here, we count the quantity of bars in a given 'lookback' length which closed ab
ove the current bar's close
qtyOfHigherCloses(lookback) =>
int result = 0
for i = 1 to lookback
if close[i] > close
result += 1
result
plot(qtyOfHigherCloses(14))

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`for` loop with a step")

a = array.from(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
sum = 0.0

for i = 0 to 9 by 5
// Because the step is set to 5, we are adding only the first (0) and the sixth
(5) value from the array `a`.
sum += array.get(a, i)

plot(sum)

```
See also[for...in](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#kw_for...in)[while](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#kw_while)

### for...in
The `for...in` structure allows the repeated execution of a number of statements
for each element in an array. It can be used with either one argument:
`array_element`, or with two: `[index, array_element]`. The second form doesn't
affect the functionality of the loop. It tracks the current iteration's index in
the tuple's first variable.Syntax
```
[var_declaration =] for array_element in array_id
statements | continue | break
return_expression

[var_declaration =] for [index, array_element] in array_id

statements | continue | break
return_expression
```
**var\_declaration** - An optional variable declaration that will be assigned the
value of the loop's `return_expression`.**index** - An optional variable that
tracks the current iteration's index. Indexing starts at 0. The variable is
immutable in the loop's body. When used, it must be included in a tuple also
containing `array_element`.**array\_element** - A variable containing each
successive array element to be processed in the loop. The variable is immutable in
the loop's body.**array\_id** - The ID of the array over which the loop is
iterated.**statements | continue | break** - Any number of statements, or the
'continue' or 'break' keywords, indented by 4 spaces or a tab.**return\
_expression** - The loop's return value assigned to the variable in
`var_declaration`, if one is present. If the loop exits because of a 'continue' or
'break' keyword, the loop's return value is that of the last variable assigned a
value before the loop's exit.**continue** - A keyword that can only be used in
loops. It causes the next iteration of the loop to be executed.**break** - A
keyword that exits the loop.Scripts can modify arrays and matrices while iterating
over their elements with this structure. However, maps cannot change while looping
through their key-value pairs. To modify a map within a `for...in` loop, iterate
over the key-value pairs of a copy or over the elements in its
[map.keys](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_map.keys)
array.Here, we use the single-argument form of `for...in` to determine on each bar
how many of the bar's OHLC values are greater than the SMA of 'close'
values:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("for...in")
// Here we determine on each bar how many of the bar's OHLC values are greater than
the SMA of 'close' values
float[] ohlcValues = array.from(open, high, low, close)
qtyGreaterThan(value, array) =>
int result = 0
for currentElement in array
if currentElement > value
result += 1
result
plot(qtyGreaterThan(ta.sma(close, 20), ohlcValues))

```
Here, we use the two-argument form of [for...in](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#kw_for...in) to set the values of our `isPos` array to `true`
when their corresponding value in our `valuesArray` array is positive:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("for...in")
var valuesArray = array.from(4, -8, 11, 78, -16, 34, 7, 99, 0, 55)
var isPos = array.new_bool(10, false)

for [index, value] in valuesArray

if value > 0
array.set(isPos, index, true)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(isPos))

```
Iterate through matrix rows as arrays.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("`for ... in` matrix Example")

// Create a 2x3 matrix with values `4`.

matrix1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 4)

sum = 0.0
// Loop through every row of the matrix.
for rowArray in matrix1
// Sum values of the every row
sum += array.sum(rowArray)

plot(sum)

```
See also[for](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_for)[while]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_while)[array.sum]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.sum)[array.min]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.min)[array.max]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.max)

### if
If statement defines what block of statements must be executed when conditions of
the expression are satisfied.To have access to and use the if statement, one should
specify the version >= 2 of Pine Script® language in the very first line of code,
for example: //@version=6The 4th version of Pine Script® Language allows you to use
“else if” syntax.General code form:Syntax
```
var_declarationX = if condition
var_decl_then0
var_decl_then1
…
var_decl_thenN
else if [optional block]
var_decl_else0
var_decl_else1
…
var_decl_elseN
else
var_decl_else0
var_decl_else1
…
var_decl_elseN
return_expression_else
```
where**var\_declarationX** — this variable gets the value of the if
statement**condition** — if the condition is true, the logic from the block 'then'
(var\_decl\_then0, var\_decl\_then1, etc.) is used.If the condition is false, the
logic from the block 'else' (var\_decl\_else0, var\_decl\_else1, etc.) is
used.**return\_expression\_then**, **return\_expression\_else** — the last
expression from the block then or from the block else will return the final value
of the statement. If declaration of the variable is in the end, its value will be
the result.The type of returning value of the if statement depends on return\
_expression\_then and return\_expression\_else type (their types must match: it is
not possible to return an integer value from then, while you have a string value in
else block).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("if")
// This code compiles
x = if close > open
close
else
open

// This code doesn’t compile

// y = if close > open
// close
// else
// "open"
plot(x)

```
It is possible to omit the `else` block. In this case if the condition is false, an
“empty” value (na, false, or “”) will be assigned to the var\_declarationX
variable:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("if")
x = if close > open
close
// If current close > current open, then x = close.
// Otherwise the x = na.
plot(x)

```
It is possible to use either multiple “else if” blocks or none at all. The blocks
“then”, “else if”, “else” are shifted by four spaces:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("if")
x = if open > close
5
else if high > low
close
else
open
plot(x)

```
It is possible to ignore the resulting value of an `if` statement (“var\
_declarationX=“ can be omitted). It may be useful if you need the side effect of
the expression, for example in strategy trading:Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("if")
if (ta.crossover(high, low))
strategy.entry("BBandLE", strategy.long, stop=low, oca_name="BollingerBands", o
ca_type=strategy.oca.cancel, comment="BBandLE")
else
strategy.cancel(id="BBandLE")

```
If statements can include each other:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("if")
float x = na
if close > open
if close > close[1]
x := close
else
x := close[1]
else
x := open
plot(x)

```
### import

Used to load an external [library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-

reference/v6/#fun_library) into a script and bind its functions to a namespace. The
importing script can be an indicator, a strategy, or another library. A library
must be published (privately or publicly) before it can be imported.Syntax
```
import {username}/{libraryName}/{libraryVersion} as {alias}
```
Argumentsusername (literal string) User name of the library's author.libraryName
(literal string) Name of the imported library, which corresponds to the `title`
argument used by the author in his library script.libraryVersion (literal int)
Version number of the imported library.alias (literal string) A non-numeric
identifier used as a namespace to refer to the library's functions. Optional. The
default is the `libraryName` string.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("num_methods import")
// Import the first version of the username’s "num_methods" library and assign it t
o the "m" namespace",
import username/num_methods/1 as m
// Call the “sinh()” function from the imported library
y = m.sinh(3.14)
// Plot value returned by the "sinh()" function",
plot(y)

```
RemarksUsing an alias that replaces a built-in namespace such as math.\* or
strategy.\* is allowed, but if the library contains function names that shadow Pine
Script®'s built-in functions, the built-ins will become unavailable. The same
version of a library can only be imported once. Aliases must be distinct for each
imported library. When calling library functions, casting their arguments to types
other than their declared type is not allowed. An import statement cannot use 'as'
or 'import' as `username`, `libraryName`, or `alias` identifiers. See also:
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)
[export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export)

### method
This keyword is used to prefix a function declaration, indicating it can then be
invoked using dot notation by appending its name to a variable of the type of its
first parameter and omitting that first parameter. Alternatively, functions
declared as methods can also be invoked like normal user-defined functions. In that
case, an argument must be supplied for its first parameter.The first parameter of a
method declaration must be explicitly typified.Syntax
```
[export] method <functionName>(<paramType> <paramName> [= <defaultValue>], …) =>
<functionBlock>
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("")

var prices = array.new<float>()

//@function Pushes a new value into the array and removes the first one if the resu
lting array is greater than `maxSize`. Can be used as a method.
method maintainArray(array<float> id, maxSize, value) =>
id.push(value)
if id.size() > maxSize
id.shift()

prices.maintainArray(50, close)
// The method can also be called like a function, without using dot notation.
// In this case an argument must be supplied for its first parameter.
// maintainArray(prices, 50, close)

// This calls the `array.avg()` built-in using dot notation with the `prices` array
.
// It is possible because built-in functions belonging to some namespaces that are
a special Pine type
// can be invoked with method notation when the function's first parameter is an ID
of that type.
// Those namespaces are: `array`, `matrix`, `line`, `linefill`, `label`, `box`, and
`table`.
plot(prices.avg())

```
### not

Logical negation (NOT). Applicable to boolean expressions.Syntax

```
not expr1
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### or

Logical OR. Applicable to boolean expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 or expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.RemarksIf `expr1` evaluates to
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true), the `or`
operator returns
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) without
evaluating `expr2`.
### switch

The switch operator transfers control to one of the several statements, depending
on the values of a condition and expressions.Syntax
```
[variable_declaration = ] switch expression
value1 => local_block
value2 => local_block
…
=> default_local_block

[variable_declaration = ] switch
condition1 => local_block
condition2 => local_block
…
=> default_local_block
```
Switch with an expression:Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Switch using an expression")

string i_maType = input.string("EMA", "MA type", options = ["EMA", "SMA", "RMA", "W
MA"])

float ma = switch i_maType

"EMA" => ta.ema(close, 10)
"SMA" => ta.sma(close, 10)
 "RMA" => ta.rma(close, 10)
// Default used when the three first cases do not match.
=> ta.wma(close, 10)

plot(ma)

```
Switch without an expression:Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("Switch without an expression", overlay = true)

bool longCondition = ta.crossover( ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

bool shortCondition = ta.crossunder(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

switch
longCondition => strategy.entry("Long ID", strategy.long)
shortCondition => strategy.entry("Short ID", strategy.short)

```
ReturnsThe value of the last expression in the local block of statements that is
executed.RemarksOnly one of the `local_block` instances or the
`default_local_block` can be executed. The `default_local_block` is introduced with
the `=>` token alone and is only executed when none of the preceding blocks are
executed. If the result of the `switch` statement is assigned to a variable and a
`default_local_block` is not specified, the statement returns `na` if no
`local_block` is executed. When assigning the result of the `switch` statement to a
variable, all `local_block` instances must return the same type of value. See also:
[if](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_if)[?:](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#op_?:)

### type
This keyword allows the declaration of user-defined types (UDT) from which scripts
can instantiate objects. UDTs are composite types that contain an arbitrary number
of fields of any built-in or user-defined type, including the defined UDT itself.
The syntax to define a UDT is:Syntax
```
[export ]type <UDT_identifier>
[varip ]<field_type> <field_name> [= <value>]
…
```
Once a UDT is defined, scripts can instantiate objects from it with the
`UDT_identifier.new()` construct. When creating a new type instance, the fields of
the resulting object will initialize with the default values from the UDT's
definition. Any type fields without specified defaults will initialize as [na]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na). Alternatively,
users can pass initial values as arguments in the `*.new()` method to override the
type's defaults. For example, `newFooObject = foo.new(x = true)` assigns a new
`foo` object to the `newFooObject` variable with its `x` field initialized using a
value of
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true).Field
declarations can include the [varip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_varip) keyword, in which case the field values persist between
successive script iterations on the same bar.For more information see the User
Manual's sections on [defining
UDTs](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system#user-
defined-types) and [using
objects](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/objects/).Libraries
can export UDTs. See the
[Libraries](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/libraries/#user-
defined-types-and-objects) page of our User Manual to learn more.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Multi Time Period Chart", overlay = true)

timeframeInput = input.timeframe("1D")

type bar
float o = open
float h = high
float l = low
float c = close
int t = time

drawBox(bar b, right) =>

bar s = bar.new()
color boxColor = b.c >= b.o ? color.green : color.red
box.new(b.t, b.h, right, b.l, boxColor, xloc = xloc.bar_time, bgcolor = color.n
ew(boxColor, 90))

updateBox(box boxId, bar b) =>

color boxColor = b.c >= b.o ? color.green : color.red
box.set_border_color(boxId, boxColor)
box.set_bgcolor(boxId, color.new(boxColor, 90))
box.set_top(boxId, b.h)
box.set_bottom(boxId, b.l)
box.set_right(boxId, time)

secBar = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, timeframeInput, bar.new())

if not na(secBar)
// To avoid a runtime error, only process data when an object exists.
if not barstate.islast
if timeframe.change(timeframeInput)
// On historical bars, draw a new box in the past when the HTF closes.
drawBox(secBar, time[1])
else
var box lastBox = na
if na(lastBox) or timeframe.change(timeframeInput)
// On the last bar, only draw a new current box the first time we get t
here or when HTF changes.
lastBox := drawBox(secBar, time)
else
// On other chart updates, use setters to modify the current box.
updateBox(lastBox, secBar)

```
### var

**var** is the keyword used for assigning and one-time initializing of the
variable.Normally, a syntax of assignment of variables, which doesn’t include the
keyword var, results in the value of the variable being overwritten with every
update of the data. Contrary to that, when assigning variables with the keyword
var, they can “keep the state” despite the data updating, only changing it when
conditions within if-expressions are met.Syntax
```
var variable_name = expression
```
where:**variable\_name** - any name of the user’s variable that’s allowed in Pine
Script® (can contain capital and lowercase Latin characters, numbers, and
underscores (\_), but can’t start with a number).**expression** - any arithmetic
expression, just as with defining a regular variable. The expression will be
calculated and assigned to a variable once.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Var keyword example")
var a = close
var b = 0.0
var c = 0.0
var green_bars_count = 0
if close > open
var x = close
b := x
green_bars_count := green_bars_count + 1
if green_bars_count >= 10
var y = close
c := y
plot(a)
plot(b)
plot(c)

```
The variable 'a' keeps the closing price of the first bar for each bar in the
series.The variable 'b' keeps the closing price of the first "green" bar in the
series.The variable 'c' keeps the closing price of the tenth "green" bar in the
series.
### varip

**varip** (var intrabar persist) is the keyword used for the assignment and one-
time initialization of a variable or a field of a user-defined
[type](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_type). It’s similar
to the [var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var) keyword,
but variables and fields declared with [varip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#kw_varip) retain their values between executions of the script
on the same bar.Syntax
```
varip [<variable_type> ]<variable_name> = <expression>

[export ]type <UDT_identifier>

varip <field_type> <field_name> [= <value>]
```
where:**variable\_type** - An optional fundamental type
([int](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int), [float]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float), [bool]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool), [color]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_color), [string]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_string)) or a user-
defined type, or an array or matrix of one of those types. Special types are not
compatible with this keyword.**variable\_name** - A [valid
identifier](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/identifiers/).
The variable can also be an object created from a UDT.**expression** - Any
arithmetic expression, just as when defining a regular variable. The expression
will be calculated and assigned to the variable only once, on the first bar.**UDT\
_identifier, field\_type, field\_name, value** - Constructs related to user-defined
types as described in the [type](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#kw_type) section.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("varip")
varip int v = -1
v := v + 1
plot(v)

```
With [var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var), `v` would
equal the value of the [bar\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_bar_index). On historical bars, where the script calculates only
once per chart bar, the value of `v` is the same as with
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var). However, on
realtime bars, the script will evaluate the expression on each new chart update,
producing a different result.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("varip with types")
type barData
int index = -1
varip int ticks = -1

var currBar = barData.new()

currBar.index += 1
currBar.ticks += 1

// Will be equal to bar_index on all bars

plot(currBar.index)
// In real time, will increment per every tick on the chart
plot(currBar.ticks)

```
The same [+=](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#op_+=)
operation applied to both the `index` and `ticks` fields results in different real-
time values because `ticks` increases on every chart update, while `index` only
does so once per bar. Note how the `currBar` object does not use the [varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip) keyword. The
`ticks` field of the object can increment on every tick, but the reference itself
is defined once and then stays unchanged. If we were to declare `currBar` using
[varip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip), the
behavior of `index` would remain unchanged because while the reference to the type
instance would persist between chart updates, the `index` field of the object would
not.RemarksWhen using
[varip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip) to declare
variables in strategies that may execute more than once per historical chart bar,
the values of such variables are preserved across successive iterations of the
script on the same bar.The effect of [varip](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#kw_varip) eliminates the
[rollback](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/execution-model/
#calculation-based-on-realtime-bars) of variables before each successive execution
of a script on the same bar.
### while

The `while` statement allows the conditional iteration of a local code block.Syntax
```
variable_declaration = while condition
…
continue
…
break
 …
return_expression
```
where:**variable\_declaration** - An optional variable declaration. The `return
expression` can provide the initialization value for this variable.**condition** -
when true, the local block of the `while` statement is executed. When false,
execution of the script resumes after the `while` statement.**continue** - The
`continue` keyword causes the loop to branch to its next iteration.**break** - The
`break` keyword causes the loop to terminate. The script's execution resumes after
the `while` statement.**return\_expression** - An optional line providing the
`while` statement's returning value.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("while")
// This is a simple example of calculating a factorial using a while loop.
int i_n = input.int(10, "Factorial Size", minval=0)
int counter = i_n
int factorial = 1
while counter > 0
factorial := factorial * counter
counter := counter - 1

plot(factorial)

```
RemarksThe local code block after the initial `while` line must be indented with
four spaces or a tab. For the `while` loop to terminate, the boolean expression
following `while` must eventually become false, or a `break` must be executed.
## Types

### array

Keyword used to explicitly declare the "array" type of a variable or a parameter.

Array objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[array.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_array.new%3Ctype%3E), [array.from](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_array.from) function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("array", overlay=true)
array<float> a = na
a := array.new<float>(1, close)
plot(array.get(a, 0))

```
RemarksArray objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_label)[table](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_table)[box](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box)[array.new<type>](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.new%3Ctype%3E)[array.from]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_array.from)

### bool
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "bool" (boolean) type of a variable or a
parameter. "Bool" variables can have values
[true](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true) or [false]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false).Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("bool")
bool b = true // Same as `b = true`
plot(b ? open : close)

```
RemarksExplicitly mentioning the type in a variable declaration is optional. Learn
more about Pine Script® types in the User Manual page on the [Type System]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/). See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip)[int](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int)[float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_string)[true](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_true)[false](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#const_false)

### box
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "box" type of a variable or a parameter. Box
objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[box.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)
function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("box")
// Empty `box1` box ID.
var box box1 = na
// `box` type is unnecessary because `box.new()` returns a "box" type.
var box2 = box.new(na, na, na, na)
box3 = box.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time)

```
RemarksBox objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_label)[table](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_table)[box.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_box.new)

### chart.point
Keyword to explicitly declare the type of a variable or parameter as `chart.point`.
Scripts can produce `chart.point` instances using the [chart.point.from\_time]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_chart.point.from_time),
[chart.point.from\_index](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_chart.point.from_index), [chart.point.now](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_chart.point.now), and
[chart.point.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_chart.point.new) functions.Fieldsindex (series int) The x-coordinate of the
point, expressed as a bar index value.time (series int) The x-coordinate of the
point, expressed as a UNIX time value, in milliseconds.price (series float) The y-
coordinate of the point. See also: [polyline](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#type_polyline)

### color
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "color" type of a variable or a
parameter.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("color", overlay = true)

color textColor = color.green

color labelColor = #FF000080 // Red color (FF0000) with 50% transparency (80 which
is half of FF).
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, text = "Label", color = labelColor, textcolor = text
Color)

// When declaring variables with color literals, built-in constants(color.green) or

functions (color.new(), color.rgb()), the "color" keyword for the type can be omitt
ed.
c = color.rgb(0,255,0,0)
plot(close, color = c)

```
RemarksColor literals have the following format: #RRGGBB or #RRGGBBAA. The letter
pairs represent 00 to FF hexadecimal values (0 to 255 in decimal) where RR, GG and
BB pairs are the values for the color's red, green and blue components. AA is an
optional value for the color's transparency (or alpha component) where 00 is
invisible and FF opaque. When no AA pair is supplied, FF is used. The hexadecimal
letters can be upper or lower case.Explicitly mentioning the type in a variable
declaration is optional, except when it is initialized with
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na). Learn more
about Pine Script® types in the User Manual page on the [Type
System](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/). See
also: [var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip)[int](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int)[float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_string)[color.rgb](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.rgb)[color.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_color.new)

### const
The `const` keyword explicitly assigns the "const" type qualifier to variables and
the parameters of non-exported functions. Variables and parameters with the "const"
qualifier reference values established at compile time that never change in the
script's execution.In variable declarations, the compiler can usually infer the
qualified type automatically based on the values assigned to a variable, and it can
automatically change a variable's qualifier to a stronger one when necessary. The
type qualifier hierarchy is "const" < "input" < "simple" < "series", where "const"
is the weakest.Explicitly declaring a variable with the `const` keyword restricts
the type qualifier to "const", meaning the variable cannot accept a value with a
stronger qualifier (e.g., "input"), nor can the value assigned to the variable
change at any point in the script's execution.When using this keyword to specify
the type qualifier, one must also use a type keyword to declare the allowed
type.Syntax
```
[method ]<functionName>([const <paramType> ]<paramName>[ = <defaultValue>])

[var/varip ]const <variableType> <variableName> = <variableValue>

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("custom plot title")
//@function Concatenates two "const string" values.
concatStrings(const string x, const string y) =>
const string result = x + y

//@variable The title of the plot.

const string myTitle = concatStrings("My ", "Plot")

plot(close, myTitle)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("can't assign input to const")

//@variable A variable declared as "const float" that attempts to assign the result
of `input.float()` as its value.
// This declaration causes an error. The "input float" qualified type is s
tronger than "const float".
const float myVar = input.float(2.0)

plot(myVar)

```
RemarksTo learn more, see our User Manual's section on [type
qualifiers](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#qualifiers). See also: [simple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_simple)[series](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_series)

### float
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "float" (floating point) type of a variable
or a parameter.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("float")
float f = 3.14 // Same as `f = 3.14`
f := na
plot(f)

```
RemarksExplicitly mentioning the type in a variable declaration is optional, except
when it is initialized with [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na). Learn more about Pine Script® types in the User Manual page
on the [Type System](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-
system/). See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip)[int](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_string)

### int
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "int" (integer) type of a variable or a
parameter.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("int")
int i = 14 // Same as `i = 14`
i := na
plot(i)

```
RemarksExplicitly mentioning the type in a variable declaration is optional, except
when it is initialized with [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na). Learn more about Pine Script® types in the User Manual page
on the [Type System](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-
system/). See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip)[float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool)[color](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_color)[string](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_string)

### label
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "label" type of a variable or a parameter.
Label objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[label.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)
function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("label")
// Empty `label1` label ID.
var label label1 = na
// `label` type is unnecessary because `label.new()` returns "label" type.
var label2 = label.new(na, na, na)
if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label3 = label.new(bar_index, high, text = "label3 text")

```
RemarksLabel objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line)[box](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box)[label.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_label.new)

### line
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "line" type of a variable or a parameter.
Line objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[line.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("line")
// Empty `line1` line ID.
var line line1 = na
// `line` type is unnecessary because `line.new()` returns "line" type.
var line2 = line.new(na, na, na, na)
line3 = line.new(bar_index - 1, high, bar_index, high, extend = extend.right)

```
RemarksLine objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[label]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_label)[box](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box)[line.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_line.new)
### linefill
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "linefill" type of a variable or a
parameter. Linefill objects (or IDs) can be created with the [linefill.new]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_linefill.new)
function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("linefill", overlay=true)
// Empty `linefill1` line ID.
var linefill linefill1 = na
// `linefill` type is unnecessary because `linefill.new()` returns "linefill" type.
var linefill2 = linefill.new(na, na, na)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
line1 = line.new(bar_index - 10, high+1, bar_index, high+1, extend = extend.rig
ht)
line2 = line.new(bar_index - 10, low+1, bar_index, low+1, extend = extend.right
)
linefill3 = linefill.new(line1, line2, color = color.new(color.green, 80))

```
RemarksLinefill objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_label)[table](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_table)[box](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box)[linefill.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_linefill.new)

### map
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "map" type of a variable or a parameter. Map
objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E) function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("map", overlay=true)
map<int, float> a = na
a := map.new<int, float>()
a.put(bar_index, close)
label.new(bar_index, a.get(bar_index), "Current close")

```
RemarksMap objects are always of [series](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
docs/language/type-system/#series) form. See also:
[map.new<type,type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_map.new%3Ctype,type%3E)

### matrix
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "matrix" type of a variable or a parameter.
Matrix objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E) function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("matrix example")

// Create `m1` matrix of `int` type.

matrix<int> m1 = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)

// `matrix<int>` is unnecessary because the `matrix.new<int>()` function returns an

`int` type matrix object.
m2 = matrix.new<int>(2, 3, 0)

// Display matrix using a label.

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
label.new(bar_index, high, str.tostring(m2))

```
RemarksMatrix objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)
[matrix.new<type>](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_matrix.new%3Ctype%3E)[array](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_array)

### polyline
Keyword to explicitly declare the type of a variable or parameter as `polyline`.
Scripts can produce `polyline` instances using the
[polyline.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#fun_polyline.new) function. See also:
[chart.point](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/
#type_chart.point)

### series
The `series` keyword explicitly assigns the "series" type qualifier to variables
and function parameters. Variables and parameters that use the "series" qualifier
can reference values that change throughout a script's execution.Explicit use of
the `series` keyword when declaring the parameters of a library's exported
functions is typically unnecessary, as the compiler can usually automatically
detect whether a parameter is compatible with "series" or "simple" qualified
values. By default, all exported function parameters are qualified as "series"
wherever possible.In variable declarations, the compiler can usually infer the
qualified type automatically based on the values assigned to a variable, and it can
automatically change a variable's qualifier to a stronger one when necessary. The
type qualifier hierarchy is "const" < "input" < "simple" < "series", where "series"
is the strongest.Explicitly declaring a variable with the `series` keyword
restricts the type qualifier to "series", meaning the script cannot pass its value
to any variable or function parameter that requires a value with a weaker qualifier
("const", "input", or "simple").When using this keyword to specify the type
qualifier, one must also use a type keyword to declare the allowed type.Syntax
```
export [method ]<functionName>([[series ]<paramType>] <paramName>[ =
<defaultValue>])

[method ]<functionName>([series <paramType> ]<paramName>[ = <defaultValue>])

[var/varip ]series <variableType> <variableName> = <variableValue>

```
Example
```
//@version=6
//@description A library with custom functions.
library("CustomFunctions", overlay = true)

//@function Finds the highest `source` value over `length` bars, filtered by the `c
ond` condition.
export conditionalHighest(series float source, series bool cond, series int length)
=>
//@variable The highest `source` value from when the `cond` was `true` over `le
ngth` bars.
series float result = na
// Loop to find the highest value.
for i = 0 to length - 1
if cond[i]
value = source[i]
result := math.max(nz(result, value), value)
// Return the `result`.
result

//@variable Is `true` once every five bars.

series bool condition = bar_index % 5 == 0

//@variable The highest `close` value from every fifth bar over the last 100 bars.
series float hiValue = conditionalHighest(close, condition, 100)

plot(hiValue)
bgcolor(condition ? color.new(color.teal, 80) : na)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("series variable not allowed")

//@variable A variable declared as "series int" with a value of 5.

series int myVar = 5

// This call causes an error.

// The `histbase` accepts "input int/float". It can't accept the stronger "series i
nt" qualified type.
plot(close, style = plot.style_histogram, histbase = myVar)

```
RemarksTo learn more, see our User Manual's section on [type
qualifiers](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#qualifiers). See also: [simple](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_simple)[const](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_const)

### simple
The `simple` keyword explicitly assigns the "simple" type qualifier to variables
and function parameters. Variables and parameters that use the "simple" qualifier
can reference values established at the beginning of a script's execution that do
not change later.To restrict the parameters in a library's exported functions to
only allow values with a "simple" or weaker type qualifier, using the `simple`
keyword when declaring parameters is often necessary, as libraries automatically
qualify all parameters as "series" wherever possible by default. Explicitly
restricting functions to accept "simple" arguments also allows them to return
"simple" values in some cases, depending on the operations they execute, making
them usable with the parameters of built-in functions that do not allow "series"
arguments.In variable declarations, the compiler can usually infer the qualified
type automatically based on the values assigned to a variable, and it can
automatically change a variable's qualifier to a stronger one when necessary. The
type qualifier hierarchy is "const" < "input" < "simple" < "series", where "simple"
is stronger than "input" and "const".Explicitly declaring a variable with the
`simple` keyword restricts the type qualifier to "simple", meaning the script
cannot pass its value to any variable or function parameter that requires a value
with a weaker qualifier ("const" or "input"). Additionally, one cannot assign a
"series" value to a variable explicitly declared with the `simple` keyword.When
using this keyword to specify the type qualifier, one must also use a type keyword
to declare the allowed type.Syntax
```
export [method ]<functionName>([[simple ]<paramType>] <paramName>[ =
<defaultValue>])

[method ]<functionName>([simple <paramType> ]<paramName>[ = <defaultValue>])

[var/varip ]simple <variableType> <variableName> = <variableValue></variableValue>

```
Example
```
//@version=6
//@description A library with custom functions.
library("CustomFunctions", overlay = true)

//@function Calculates the length values for a ribbon of four EMAs by multi
plying the `baseLength`.
//@param baseLength The initial EMA length. Requires "simple int" because you can't
use "series int" in `ta.ema()`.
//@returns A tuple of length values.
export ribbonLengths(simple int baseLength) =>
simple int length1 = baseLength
simple int length2 = baseLength * 2
simple int length3 = baseLength * 3
simple int length4 = baseLength * 4
[length1, length2, length3, length4]

// Get a tuple of "simple int" length values.

[len1, len2, len3, len4] = ribbonLengths(14)

// Plot four EMAs using the values from the tuple.

plot(ta.ema(close, len1), "EMA 1", color = color.red)
plot(ta.ema(close, len2), "EMA 1", color = color.orange)
plot(ta.ema(close, len3), "EMA 1", color = color.green)
plot(ta.ema(close, len4), "EMA 1", color = color.blue)

```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("can't change simple to series")

//@variable A variable declared as "simple float" with a value of 5.0.

simple float myVar = 5.0

// This reassignment causes an error.

// The `close` variable returns a "series float" value. Since `myVar` is restricted
to "simple" values, it cannot
// change its qualifier to "series".
myVar := close

plot(myVar)

```
RemarksTo learn more, see our User Manual's section on [type
qualifiers](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-system/
#qualifiers). See also: [series](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_series)[const](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#type_const)

### string
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "string" type of a variable or a
parameter.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("string")
string s = "Hello World!" // Same as `s = "Hello world!"`
// string s = na // same as ""
plot(na, title=s)

```
RemarksExplicitly mentioning the type in a variable declaration is optional, except
when it is initialized with [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#var_na). Learn more about Pine Script® types in the User Manual page
on the [Type System](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/type-
system/). See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[varip]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_varip)[int](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_int)[float](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_float)[bool](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_bool)[str.tostring](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.tostring)[str.format]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_str.format)

### table
Keyword used to explicitly declare the "table" type of a variable or a parameter.
Table objects (or IDs) can be created with the
[table.new](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)
function.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("table")
// Empty `table1` table ID.
var table table1 = na
// `table` type is unnecessary because `table.new()` returns "table" type.
var table2 = table.new(position.top_left, na, na)

if barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
var table3 = table.new(position = position.top_right, columns = 1, rows = 1, bg
color = color.yellow, border_width = 1)
table.cell(table_id = table3, column = 0, row = 0, text = "table3 text")

```
RemarksTable objects are always of "series" form. See also:
[var](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_var)[line](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_line)[label](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_label)[box](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#type_box)[table.new](https://
www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_table.new)
## Operators

### -

Subtraction or unary minus. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 - expr2
```
ReturnsReturns integer or float value, or series of values:Binary `-` returns expr1
minus expr2.Unary `-` returns the negation of expr.RemarksYou may use arithmetic
operators with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of usage with
series the operators are applied elementwise.
### -=

Subtraction assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 -= expr2
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("-=")
// Equals to expr1 = expr1 - expr2.
a = 2
b = 3
a -= b
// Result: a = -1.
plot(a)

```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### :=

Reassignment operator. It is used to assign a new value to a previously declared

variable.Syntax
```
<var_name> := <new_value>
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("My script")

myVar = 10

if close > open

// Modifies the existing global scope `myVar` variable by changing its value fr
om 10 to 20.
myVar := 20
// Creates a new `myVar` variable local to the `if` condition and unreachable f
rom the global scope.
// Does not affect the `myVar` declared in global scope.
myVar = 30

plot(myVar)

```
### !=

Not equal to. Applicable to expressions of any type.Syntax

```
expr1 != expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### ?:

Ternary conditional operator.Syntax

```
expr1 ? expr2 : expr3
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("?:")
// Draw circles at the bars where open crosses close
s2 = ta.cross(open, close) ? math.avg(open,close) : na
plot(s2, style=plot.style_circles, linewidth=2, color=color.red)

// Combination of ?: operators for 'switch'-like logic

c = timeframe.isintraday ? color.red : timeframe.isdaily ? color.green : timeframe.
isweekly ? color.blue : color.gray
plot(hl2, color=c)

```
Returnsexpr2 if expr1 is evaluated to true, expr3 otherwise. Zero value (0 and also
NaN, +Infinity, -Infinity) is considered to be false, any other value is
true.RemarksUse [na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)
for 'else' branch if you do not need it.You can combine two or more
[?:](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#op_?:) operators to
achieve the equivalent of a 'switch'-like statement (see examples above).You may
use arithmetic operators with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of
usage with series the operators are applied elementwise. See also:
[na](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#var_na)

### []
Series subscript. Provides access to previous values of series expr1. expr2 is the
number of bars back, and must be numerical. Floats will be rounded down.Syntax
```
expr1[expr2]
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("[]")
// [] can be used to "save" variable value between bars
a = 0.0 // declare `a`
a := a[1] // immediately set current value to the same as previous. `na` in the beg
inning of history
if high == low // if some condition - change `a` value to another
a := low
plot(a)

```
ReturnsA series of values. See also: [math.floor](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_math.floor)

### \*
Multiplication. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax
```
expr1 * expr2
```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### \*=
Multiplication assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax
```
expr1 *= expr2
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("*=")
// Equals to expr1 = expr1 * expr2.
a = 2
b = 3
a *= b
// Result: a = 6.
plot(a)

```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### /

Division. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 / expr2
```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### /=

Division assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 /= expr2
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("/=")
// Equals to expr1 = expr1 / expr2.
float a = 3.0
b = 3
a /= b
// Result: a = 1.
plot(a)

```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### %

Modulo (integer remainder). Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 % expr2
```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.RemarksIn Pine Script®, when the
integer remainder is calculated, the quotient is truncated, i.e. rounded towards
the lowest absolute value. The resulting value will have the same sign as the
dividend.Example: `-1 % 9 = -1 - 9 * int(-1/9) = -1 - 9 * int(-0.111) = -1 - 9 * 0
= -1.`
### %=

Modulo assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 %= expr2
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("%=")
// Equals to expr1 = expr1 % expr2.
a = 3
b = 3
a %= b
// Result: a = 0.
plot(a)

```
ReturnsInteger or float value, or series of values.
### +

Addition or unary plus. Applicable to numerical expressions or strings.Syntax

```
expr1 + expr2
```
ReturnsBinary `+` for strings returns concatenation of expr1 and expr2For numbers
returns integer or float value, or series of values:Binary `+` returns expr1 plus
expr2.Unary `+` returns expr (does nothing added just for the symmetry with the
unary - operator).RemarksYou may use arithmetic operators with numbers as well as
with series variables. In case of usage with series the operators are applied
elementwise.
### +=

Addition assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions or strings.Syntax

```
expr1 += expr2
```
Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("+=")
// Equals to expr1 = expr1 + expr2.
a = 2
b = 3
a += b
// Result: a = 5.
plot(a)

```
ReturnsFor strings returns concatenation of expr1 and expr2. For numbers returns
integer or float value, or series of values.RemarksYou may use arithmetic operators
with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of usage with series the
operators are applied elementwise.
### <

Less than. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 < expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### <=

Less than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 <= expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### ==

Equal to. Applicable to expressions of any type.Syntax

```
expr1 == expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### =>

The '=>' operator is used in user-defined function declarations and in [switch]

(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_switch) statements.The
function declaration syntax is:Syntax
```
<identifier>([<parameter_name>[=<default_value>]], ...) =>
<local_block>
<function_result>
```
A <local\_block> is zero or more Pine Script® statements.The <function\_result> is
a variable, an expression, or a tuple.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("=>")
// single-line function
f1(x, y) => x + y
// multi-line function
f2(x, y) =>
sum = x + y
sumChange = ta.change(sum, 10)
// Function automatically returns the last expression used in it
plot(f1(30, 8) + f2(1, 3))

```
RemarksYou can learn more about user-defined functions in the User Manual's pages
on [Declaring
functions](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/language/user-defined-
functions/) and [Libraries](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/concepts/
libraries/).
### >

Greater than. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 > expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
### >=

Greater than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.Syntax

```
expr1 >= expr2
```
ReturnsBoolean value, or series of boolean values.
## Annotations

### @description
Sets a custom description for scripts that use the
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)
declaration statement. The text provided with this annotation will be used to pre-
fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
// @description Provides a tool to quickly output a label on the chart.
library("MyLibrary")

// @function Outputs a label with `labelText` on the bar's high.

// @param labelText (series string) The text to display on the label.
// @returns Drawn label.
export drawLabel(string labelText) =>
label.new(bar_index, high, text = labelText)

```
### @enum

If placed above an enum declaration, it adds a custom description for the enum. The
Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays it when a user hovers
over the enum name. When used in library scripts, the descriptions of all enums
using the [export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export)
keyword will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Session highlight", overlay = true)

//@enum Contains fields with popular timezones as titles.

//@field exch Has an empty string as the title to represent the chart timezone.
enum tz
utc = "UTC"
exch = ""
ny = "America/New_York"
chi = "America/Chicago"
lon = "Europe/London"
tok = "Asia/Tokyo"

//@variable The session string.

selectedSession = input.session("1200-1500", "Session")
//@variable The selected timezone. The input's dropdown contains the fields in the
`tz` enum.
selectedTimezone = input.enum(tz.utc, "Session Timezone")

//@variable Is `true` if the current bar's time is in the specified session.

bool inSession = false
if not na(time("", selectedSession, str.tostring(selectedTimezone)))
inSession := true

// Highlight the background when `inSession` is `true`.

bgcolor(inSession ? color.new(color.green, 90) : na, title = "Active session highli
ght")

```
### @field

If placed above a
[type](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_type) or [enum]
(https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_enum) declaration, it
adds a custom description for a field of the type/enum. After the annotation, users
should specify the field name, followed by its description.The Pine Editor's
autosuggest uses this description and displays it when a user hovers over the
type/enum or field name. When used in [library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-
script-reference/v6/#fun_library) scripts, the descriptions of all types/enums
using the [export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export)
keyword will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("New high over the last 20 bars", overlay = true)

//@type A point on a chart.

//@field index The index of the bar where the point is located, i.e., its `x` coord
inate.
//@field price The price where the point is located, i.e., its `y` coordinate.
type Point
int index
float price

//@variable If the current `high` is the highest over the last 20 bars, returns a n
ew `Point` instance, `na` otherwise.
Point highest = na

if ta.highestbars(high, 20) == 0
highest := Point.new(bar_index, high)
label.new(highest.index, highest.price, str.tostring(highest.price))

```
### @function

If placed above a function declaration, it adds a custom description for the

function.The Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays it when a
user hovers over the function name. When used in
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)
scripts, the descriptions of all functions using the
[export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export) keyword
will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
// @description Provides a tool to quickly output a label on the chart.
library("MyLibrary")

// @function Outputs a label with `labelText` on the bar's high.

// @param labelText (series string) The text to display on the label.
// @returns Drawn label.
export drawLabel(string labelText) =>
label.new(bar_index, high, text = labelText)

```
### @param

If placed above a function declaration, it adds a custom description for a function

parameter. After the annotation, users should specify the parameter name, then its
description.The Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays it
when a user hovers over the function name. When used in
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)
scripts, the descriptions of all functions using the
[export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export) keyword
will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
// @description Provides a tool to quickly output a label on the chart.
library("MyLibrary")

// @function Outputs a label with `labelText` on the bar's high.

// @param labelText (series string) The text to display on the label.
// @returns Drawn label.
export drawLabel(string labelText) =>
label.new(bar_index, high, text = labelText)

```
### @returns

If placed above a function declaration, it adds a custom description for what that
function returns.The Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays
it when a user hovers over the function name. When used in
[library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_library)
scripts, the descriptions of all functions using the
[export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export) keyword
will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
// @description Provides a tool to quickly output a label on the chart.
library("MyLibrary")

// @function Outputs a label with `labelText` on the bar's high.

// @param labelText (series string) The text to display on the label.
// @returns Drawn label.
export drawLabel(string labelText) =>
label.new(bar_index, high, text = labelText)

```
### @strategy\_alert\_message

If used within a
[strategy](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#fun_strategy)
script, it provides a default message to pre-fill the "Message" field in the alert
creation dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
strategy("My strategy", overlay=true, margin_long=100, margin_short=100)
//@strategy_alert_message Strategy alert on symbol {{ticker}}

longCondition = ta.crossover(ta.sma(close, 14), ta.sma(close, 28))

if (longCondition)
strategy.entry("My Long Entry Id", strategy.long)
strategy.exit("Exit", "My Long Entry Id", profit = 10 / syminfo.mintick, loss = 10
/ syminfo.mintick)

```
### @type

If placed above a type declaration, it adds a custom description for the type.The
Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays it when a user hovers
over the type name. When used in [library](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-
reference/v6/#fun_library) scripts, the descriptions of all types using the
[export](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v6/#kw_export) keyword
will pre-fill the "Description" field in the publication dialogue.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("New high over the last 20 bars", overlay = true)

//@type A point on a chart.

//@field index The index of the bar where the point is located, i.e., its `x` coord
inate.
//@field price The price where the point is located, i.e., its `y` coordinate.
type Point
int index
float price

//@variable If the current `high` is the highest over the last 20 bars, returns a n
ew `Point` instance, `na` otherwise.
Point highest = na

if ta.highestbars(high, 20) == 0
highest := Point.new(bar_index, high)
label.new(highest.index, highest.price, str.tostring(highest.price))

```
### @variable

If placed above a variable declaration, it adds a custom description for the

variable.The Pine Editor's autosuggest uses this description and displays it when a
user hovers over the variable name.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("New high over the last 20 bars", overlay = true)

//@type A point on a chart.

//@field index The index of the bar where the point is located, i.e., its `x` coord
inate.
//@field price The price where the point is located, i.e., its `y` coordinate.
type Point
int index
float price

//@variable If the current `high` is the highest over the last 20 bars, returns a n
ew `Point` instance, `na` otherwise.
Point highest = na

if ta.highestbars(high, 20) == 0
highest := Point.new(bar_index, high)
label.new(highest.index, highest.price, str.tostring(highest.price))

```
### @version=

Specifies the Pine Script® version that the script will use. The number in this
annotation should not be confused with the script's version number, which updates
on every saved change to the code.Example
```
//@version=6
indicator("Pine v6 Indicator")
plot(close)

```
Example
```
//This indicator has no version annotation, so it will try to use v1.
//Pine Script® v1 has no function named `indicator()`, so the script will not compi
le.
indicator("Pine v1 Indicator")
plot(close)

```
RemarksThe version should always be specified. Otherwise, for compatibility
reasons, the script will be compiled using Pine Script® v1, which lacks most of the
newer features and is bound to confuse. This annotation can be anywhere within a
script, but we recommend placing it at the top of the code for readability.