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Java - OOP

Java is a pure object-oriented programming language that utilizes objects to design applications. Key OOP concepts include classes as blueprints for objects, encapsulation for data protection, inheritance for sharing behaviors, polymorphism for method versatility, and abstraction for hiding implementation details. These principles enable structured and efficient programming in Java.

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9 views4 pages

Java - OOP

Java is a pure object-oriented programming language that utilizes objects to design applications. Key OOP concepts include classes as blueprints for objects, encapsulation for data protection, inheritance for sharing behaviors, polymorphism for method versatility, and abstraction for hiding implementation details. These principles enable structured and efficient programming in Java.

Uploaded by

SachinJadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

Java is a pure object-oriented programming language (with a few


exceptions like primitive types). OOP is a programming paradigm that
uses "objects" to design applications. Objects are instances of classes,
which define properties (fields) and behaviors (methods).

🧱 Core Concepts of OOP in Java


1. Class

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines fields (variables)


and methods (functions).

java
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public class Car {
// Fields
String color;
int speed;

// Method
void drive() {
System.out.println("The car is driving.");
}
}

2. Object

An object is an instance of a class.

java
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public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car(); // Create an object
myCar.color = "Red";
myCar.speed = 100;
myCar.drive(); // Call the method
}
}

3. Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the process of hiding internal data and only allowing


access through public methods (getters/setters).
java
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public class Person {
private String name;

public void setName(String n) {


name = n;
}

public String getName() {


return name;
}
}

4. Inheritance

Inheritance allows one class (child/subclass) to inherit properties and


methods from another class (parent/superclass).

java
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public class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes sound");
}
}

public class Dog extends Animal {


void bark() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

5. Polymorphism

Polymorphism means many forms — the same method name can behave
differently based on the object.

a) Method Overriding (Runtime Polymorphism)

java
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class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal sound");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Meow");
}
}
b) Method Overloading (Compile-time Polymorphism)

java
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class Math {
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

double add(double a, double b) {


return a + b;
}
}

6. Abstraction

Abstraction hides implementation details and only shows essential


features. It is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.

a) Abstract Class

java
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abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}

class Circle extends Shape {


void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing Circle");
}
}
b) Interface

java
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interface Animal {
void sound();
}

class Dog implements Animal {


public void sound() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}
}

🎯 Summary
OOP Concept Description
Class Blueprint for creating objects
Object Instance of a class
Protect data using access
Encapsulation
modifiers
Inheritance Share behavior between classes
One interface, many
Polymorphism
implementations
Hide internal details, show
Abstraction
essentials

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