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Venn Diagrams and Set Operations: Disjoint Sets Disjoint No

Let U = the universal set (the set of all possible elements) Two sets may be represented in a Venn Diagram in any of four different ways. When sets A and B have elements in common, those elements belong to region II. The elements that belong to set a but do not belong to set B are in region I.

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132 views4 pages

Venn Diagrams and Set Operations: Disjoint Sets Disjoint No

Let U = the universal set (the set of all possible elements) Two sets may be represented in a Venn Diagram in any of four different ways. When sets A and B have elements in common, those elements belong to region II. The elements that belong to set a but do not belong to set B are in region I.

Uploaded by

Rock Andante
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Venn Diagrams and Set Operations

Let U = the universal set (the set of all possible elements). Two sets may be represented in a Venn Diagram in any of four different ways. U Case 1: Disjoint Sets
A

Two sets A and B are disjoint when they have no elements in common.

U B

Case 2: A

Subsets

When A B, every element of set A is also an element of set B. Thus, there can be no elements in set A that are not in set B.

U A

When B A, every element of set B is also an element of set A. Thus, there can be no elements in set B that are not in set A.

U Case 3: Equal Sets When set A = set B, all the elements of set A are elements of set B, and all the elements of set B are elements of set A. B A

Melissa S. Moreno

Gateways2Learning.com

2004

Venn Diagrams and Set Operations

Case 4: Overlapping Sets When sets A and B have elements in common, those elements belong to region II. The elements that belong to set A but do not belong to set B are in region I. The elements that belong to set B but do not belong to set A are in region III. U
A B

II

III

Venn Diagrams will be helpful in understanding set operations. Compliment The compliment of set A, symbolized by A/, is the set of all the elements in the universal set that are not in set A. Example: Given U = { M, A, T, H, 1, 2, 0 } and A = { M, A, T, H } Then A/ = { 1, 2, 0 } Intersection The intersection of sets A and B, symbolized by A that are common to both sets A and B. ** In the Venn Diagram, this is region II. Example: Given U = { S, A, N, A, N, T, O, N, I, O } A = {S, A, N } B = { A, N, T, O, N, I, O} C={}

I B, is the set containing all the elements

Melissa S. Moreno

Gateways2Learning.com

2004

Venn Diagrams and Set Operations

Find: 1. A

I B I B = { A, N }
U = { S, A, N, A, N, T, O, N, I, O } A = {S, A, N } B = { A, N, T, O, N, I, O} C={}

ANSWER: A

2.

I U I U = { S, A, N }

ANSWER: A

3.

I C I C={}

ANSWER: A

Union The union of sets A and B, symbolized by A members of set A or of set B (or of both sets).

U B, is the set containing all the elements that are

** In the Venn Diagram, this is regions I, II, and III. Example: Find: 1. Given U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l } A = { a, e, I } B = { b, c, d, e, f} C = { d, e, f, g, h, I, j} D={} A

U B U B = { a, b, c, d, e, f, I }

ANSWER: A

2.

U C U C = { b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j }

ANSWER: B

3.

U D U D = { b, c, d, e, f }

ANSWER: B

Melissa S. Moreno

Gateways2Learning.com

2004

Venn Diagrams and Set Operations

The Meaning of AND and OR The word or is generally used to mean union. The word and is generally used to mean intersection.

The Relationship between n(A For any finite sets A and B, n(A

U B), n(A), n(B), and n(A I B)

U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A I B)

Example: page 58 #84 (Survey of Mathematics) The results of a survey of visitors in Hollywood, CA, showed that 27 visited the Hollywood Bowl, 38 visited Disneyland, and 16 visited both the Hollywood Bowl and Disneyland. How many people visited either the Hollywood Bowl or Disneyland? Let A = those who visited the Hollywood Bowl Then n(A) = 27 Let B = those who visited Disneyland Then n(B) = 38

I B = those who visited both the Hollywood Bowl and Disneyland I B) = 16 So n(A
A Thus, A So n(A

U B = the number of people who visited either the Hollywood Bowl OR Disneyland. U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A I B)
= 27 + 38 16 = 49

Melissa S. Moreno

Gateways2Learning.com

2004

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