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5) IPv6

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the latest Internet Protocol designed to replace IPv4, offering a significantly larger address space of 128 bits, improved security features, and better support for mobile and multimedia applications. It introduces various address types, including unicast, multicast, and anycast, along with new routing protocols and technologies. The transition to IPv6 is essential for network administrators as it is expected to become the primary protocol for the Internet, enhancing network efficiency and security.

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5) IPv6

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the latest Internet Protocol designed to replace IPv4, offering a significantly larger address space of 128 bits, improved security features, and better support for mobile and multimedia applications. It introduces various address types, including unicast, multicast, and anycast, along with new routing protocols and technologies. The transition to IPv6 is essential for network administrators as it is expected to become the primary protocol for the Internet, enhancing network efficiency and security.

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27 April 2023 16:22

IPv6

IPv6 Page 1
►

► IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the latest Internet Protocol version. It was developed
to replace the aging IPv4 protocol, which was designed in the early days of the Internet and
is now reaching the limits of its address space. IPv6 is designed to provide a larger address
space, improved security, and better support for mobile devices and multimedia
applications.

 IPv6 Addressing:-
One of the primary benefits of IPv6 is its expanded address space. While IPv4 provides only
32 bits of address space, which allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, IPv6
provides 128 bits of address space, which allows for approximately 340 undecillion unique
addresses.

• IPv6 addresses are typically represented in hexadecimal notation,


• with each address consisting of 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal values,
• separated by colons.
For example, the loopback address in IPv6 is represented as ::1, and a typical global unicast
address might look something like 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

 IPv6 addresses can be divided into different types:-


• Unicast - Unicast addresses are used to identify a single interface on a network
• Multicast - multicast addresses are used to identify a group of interfaces that are interested
in receiving a particular type of traffic.
• anycast - Anycast addresses are used to identify a group of interfaces that share the same
IP address, typically used for load balancing or failover scenarios.

IPv6 also introduces new address types:-


link-local addresses - Link-local addresses are used for communication within a single
network segment
unique local addresses - unique local addresses are used for communication within a single
organization or site.
IPv6 Page 2
organization or site.

IPv6 Routing:
IPv6 routing is similar to IPv4 routing in that it involves the use of routing tables and routing
protocols to determine the best path for traffic to take through a network. However, IPv6
introduces some new features and changes to the routing process.
For example, IPv6 includes a new routing protocol called OSPFv3 (Open Shortest Path First
version 3), which is designed to support IPv6 networks. IPv6 also introduces the concept of
route aggregation, which allows multiple IP address ranges to be combined into a single
route.

IPv6 also includes support for new addressing and routing technologies, including Mobile
IPv6 (which allows mobile devices to maintain a consistent IP address as they move
between networks) and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling (which allows IPv6 traffic to be
transmitted over an IPv4 network).

► IPv6 Security:
IPv6 includes several security features designed to improve the security of network
communications. For example, IPv6 includes support for IPSec (Internet Protocol Security),
which provides authentication, encryption, and integrity checking for IP packets.

IPv6 also includes a new feature called Secure Neighbour Discovery (SEND), which provides
secure address resolution and neighbour discovery for IPv6 networks. SEND is designed to
prevent attacks such as spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks that can be used to
compromise network security.

Conclusion:
IPv6 is an important advancement in the field of networking, providing a larger address
space, improved security, and better support for mobile devices and multimedia
applications. While the transition to IPv6 has been slow, it is expected that IPv6 will
eventually replace IPv4 as the primary protocol used on the Internet. As such, it is important
for network administrators and engineers to be familiar with the features and capabilities of
IPv6 in order to design, deploy, and manage IPv6 networks.
the ranges for the various types of IPv6 addresses:

► Unicast Addresses:

• Global Unicast Addresses: 2000::/3


• Unique Local Addresses: FC00::/7 and FD00::/8
• Link-Local Addresses: FE80::/10
• Special-Use Addresses: 0.0.0.0/8, 2001:0000::/32, and 2001:0DB8::/32
• Multicast Addresses: FF00::/8

Anycast Addresses: There is no specific range for anycast addresses. An anycast address is
an IP address that is assigned to multiple devices, but only one device at a time can "own"
IPv6 Page 3
an IP address that is assigned to multiple devices, but only one device at a time can "own"
the address and receive traffic sent to it.

• Site-Local Addresses: Deprecated in favour of Unique Local Addresses (FC00::/7 and


FD00::/8)

► Special-Purpose Addresses:-
• Loopback Address: ::1/128
• Unspecified Address: ::/128
• IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses: ::ffff:0:0/96
• IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Addresses: ::/96
Note that the ranges for each type of IPv6 address are not as straightforward as the ranges
used for IPv4 classes. IPv6 addresses are instead divided into various blocks that serve
specific purposes, and these blocks may overlap or have different sizes.

IPv6 Page 4

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