Chapter 1 .

Hyperbolic Function
IEEE
↓ f
4 . 1 A . NE

Chapter 2 .

Ellipse & Hyperbola .

1 .1 foci directrix 1. (1-37 T)

eccentricity , ,
·

2. TM1 (i) . ,

4 . 1-2 HE

Chapter 3 .

Differentiation .

1. 5
.

2 .E . FIR
.
Fi

Chapter 4.
Integration .
&
1 T ,
EN
it Z

I
, .
2 .
FA
4.E . .
4 . 2 ,
NEEDE

Chapter .
5
 Chapter 1 Hyperbolic Function ***.
51 Introduction Functions.
.
to
hyperbolic

tank
sink =

cosh = 2

Recyprocal hyperbolicfunction
a
2

sechx = cish =
ex + e
X
-

ezX 1
Tankx
+

cothx = =
ezx+

S2 .

Sketching Graphs of Hyperbolic Functions

sink x lodd) . cush leven tanh x

1 1
M

~
~
>
X
↓

- - - - - -

y
- - - -

YER y= / - y <

Cosechy X* 0 sech x ath X X 70 (

- 1
1

~
I

1
2
- - - - - -

-X
-
7 -
1
ucy 1
y>
=
y
<
y + 0
-

SS . Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

PHA : E MEET y X ** =

& : TTTEEXTE
 arcsinhx = (n(x + 1x 1)
=
+

arccoshx = In(X + 1x4) X21

arctanhx = In)(Ex) , <

34 Identities and Equations

cosh sinh= x =1
-

sinh (A + B) = sinhAcushB = coshAsinGB

cosh (A + B) = coshA coshBI sinhAsinGB

sinh2A = 2 sinhA ash A

cosh2A = coshA + sinG-A = 2 coshA +
= 1 + 2 sinh A
tanhA tanh B
+
Tank (A + B) =
1 + tanhA Tauh B

tanh(A-B) = TanhA-tanh B
1- TankA tanhB

T Osborn's Rule :

S
cosX + cish X

sinx + sinh X

sinhx sinty I
sinxsing -
product of two sin terms,

tanx + -
tanh x change sign

? 1-tanhx sech2X
. =

ash*x sinhix 1 -
=
 Chapter 2 Further Coordinate Systems # NTJ ·

S1 .

Ellipse FIFA rY (a) b) .

b

+ Y =
1 a
M

F
-

b
"C I a *

Sy
* X = acost O < t < In
.

b
=
bsint -

&
X= E

foci : (Fae , 0 (IC ,

0) . C =
lazb2
directrix :
x = = X = PF =
ePM
bEa(l-e7
eccentricity o e / e
=
: < <
.

b > a
.
c

fociothea ba a

a= b211-e4.
eccentricity : PF ePM
=

$2 .
M
y EX
Hyperbolas ***
=

* -

Y =
1 .

(ay b)
n" &

Facisht
Iy
X= +ER
*
,

b sinht,
=-
=

-Exy
Sy
or X =
asecO , -T = R< i. x=

=
b +anO 8

foci : (ae 0 , (IC 0) , .

C=
92
laz+ b
directrix : x = I X =
IT

b = ale = 1) e =/
eccentricity : ex1 .

asymptote :a
M

bia .

directrix : y
= I S

a = b-le-1
eccentricity :

asymptote : X= IFY
 54-5. Tangents and Normals to an
Ellipse . and
Hyperbola .

Fi E PE it

Ellipse
Point : (acost bsint)
,

bx cost + aysint ab
Tangent
=
.

Normal :
axsint-byast = (a2b2) cost sint

Hyperbola .

Point : (acosht ,
bsinht) o la secO btanG,

ab bxcosht bxsect-ay tang ab

Tangent aysinht .
+ = :

Normal : axsinht + byasht (aEb2) sinht aght. =

56 .
Loci F .

-EEX IET :T En ,

F*
TXY
(17TE FP1)
-
Parabola Rectangular hyperbola .

Cartesian = 4aX

x
y
:

Parametric : x = at" , = 2at

y
Point .
Lat ?, Lat

Tangent :
ty = X + at x + +
y =
2ct

+x
3
Normal 2aT +at + C( +4 1)
y +x =

y
: + = - -
 Chapter 3. Differentiation .

S1 .

Differentiating Hyperbolic Functions. 22 E

Y d
sinhx coshx
cosh X sinh x
tank X sech-X
with X -
cosech2X

wsechx -

cothx cosech x
sech X -
tanhx sech x

32 .

Differentiating Inverse Hyperbolic Functions .

SIZE

Y x
arc sinh X | x =|

arcoshx
artanh x
i
53 Inverse Trigonometric Functions . C*
.

Differentiating

!
arc
"sinx
 Chapter 4
.
Integration .

S1 Standard
.

Integrals .

1 . Ssinhxdx = coshx + C

2 .

Jashxdx = sinhx +

3/ tanhx dx.
= In coshx
. J sech2xdx
4 =
tanhx + C

5. Scosech'x dx athX C = - +

6 . J sechx tankx dx -sechx + C =

7 . / cosechx athxdx wosechx = -

+ C

S2.
Integration .

E *" IEE ,
- EJ FD) :

O Stex(fix ("dx ,
If dx
& Identities :

1- tank"x =
sech2x

It sink 2x = cosh2x
17T PS . : Sinx + G5x = 1.

Tanix + 1 = secx

33 .

Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Substitution .

8 .
) 11-x2dx =
arcsinx + C | x | <1

9 .
) itx-dx =
arctanx + C

10 .
) 1st2dx =
arcsinhx + C

11 .
) (x2)dx = arcoshx + c , x))

!
For integral involving sinO
11
> tanhu
an
try X =
, X =

X = Tand ,
X = sinhu
11 + X
*
X = Sinhu , x =
tang
|x=1 X = coshu . X = See
 12 .
Slaidx =arcsin) . Mia

13 .
(aixdx = arctan
14 .I lazx dx
.
=arsin()
15 .
6 Nazdx =
arcosh) , X .
a

I
For the involves /Xka asino
integral
X =

la2x-
try
.
,

I
a = X2 X = a tan O

192x X= a sinhu
I
X = a coshu .
IX2az
I
E sind

i
x=
192-b2x2
24bxz x =
5 TanD
I
la= :x2 X= 5 sinhu
I a
X= 5 Coshu .
1x[a]

35 .

Integrating Inverse Trigonometric and Hyperboll Functions

TEIE U = inverse
function . v = others.

Set it
# Example
36 .

Deriving and
Using Reduction Formulae EhV.

by 7/
In-Ink .

#Example
$7 . length of of
Finding the an arc a curve*E

= dx =
Sl + dy =
J 1 dt. +

58 . T
Finding the Area of a
Surface of Revolution

Rotated about X-axis :

 S =
Szyds any 1) dx
=
+ =
zy de

Rotated about y-axis :

S =
Szixds =
2x11 + dy =
2 +
landt
=
2/1 ly1 dx
+
 Chapter 5
. Vectors.
51. Vector Product I product
cross ** .

Scalar product :5 115). sinc . =

I scalar)
O 5 ]E .

Vector /cross) product .

a x5 = 1115/ sing i Irector) .

IF I
=aAs jai
bas a se
=
-

bz b .

=
lazbs- asbali -

Laids-asbi)] + lab2-aabi)
* To IEEE .

i is
perpendicular to both and 5.
the unit rector that is

5 PREFER EFE]

EIEII F) #) 657 ·

a x5 = -
Exa

jxj

?
↑ xi = =
Exk =
0 (1 .
↑xj = E , jx = , xi = (tE i ,
j k
,

jxi = -
E ,
kxj = Y ,
ix k = =

= 1 [ES)

x5 = 0 => = 0 , 5 = 0 or at are
parallel .
S2 .

Finding Areas
Points have 5,,.
A .
B .
C .
D position recto a ,

Triangle
i SOAB = /x5l
SABC = El ABxAll = E115-sx( as) -
=
El(x5) +
15 x + 1x)

parallelogram
.
SEOABC =
/x5/
SIABC = 1ABxAT) =
(15 )x(d -ay)
-
=
((x5) +
(5xd) + (x))
S3 .
Scalar Triple Product

: .

15x) =
ailhacs-byca) + arlbac-bics) + as (b -back
.

(scalar (

aa st
-

Cyclic : 15x) 5 (x) = :

= c (x5)
·

Repeated is zew . (x5) = :

·
(bx) =
0

Volume
of a
parallelepiped ESTT -
three sides are
given by 5,
1 (5x)/
=
.

Volume of TetrahedronI
a
:
= + ., 5x))

34 .

Straight Lines.

The between lines with equation = x5 and

angle +
·

=nit MS 151/l
I

The between line with

equation a x5 and
angle = +

planewith equation - 15% /)

The between F. P Fn2 =

angle plane and plane
· = =
, 2

asO =
.
12

Ini) I .

·
The plane n d .
=
,
d is the
length of the perpendicular
from the origin to the
plane .
·

The shortest distance between the Two skew lines with equation
= +x5 and = Md +
is :

(a 2) (5 + d) -
-

15xd

Cartesian form :

x
x
Line
equations in SD :
=
yyy) =
zz =
x

direction ratio : (e, min) ]

En
pass point (X
:
1.
y .. z . ).

Plane in SD : ax by
+ + cz + d= 0
.
 Chapter 6. Further Matrix
Algebra
31 .

Transposing a Matrix. *
AT and the columns of A.
.

Interchanging the vows

[] .] ***

Symmetric : A =
AT. 193) .

I del
>x3
Identity :

16 % ) ·
3x3 zer
10000
·
(ABI" = BY AT

32 . The Determinant of a 3x3 matrix 573)

a
allab
=
all an are

aa a
·
aiz als azs-al
921 G2z G2 G22 ass

ag , anz as

·
detlAl =
0 =>
singular matrix
des(Al #0 =>
non-singular matrix
33. The Inverse
of a 3x3 matrix where it exists.FITE

At =
deti 1)
Singular matrix does have inverse E detAl .
0
·
=
not ,

Non-singular matrix :
·

At A =
AA" =
I
.

·
Minor : the determinant of the elements which remain when the now

and the column the crossed

containing element are out.

# E in t TIS] In E SEM AJE T EJ5j 3) it' :

·
(AB) += B"Ar
 How to find inverse
of a 3x3 Matrix ?

Example 10
10)
. A =

O detA = 1101
-

3121
+
11 =
+

12412

I
② M = 11 YEJES minu .

11/2) (2)
(
=

kil 10i1 list

o
EI) .
( =

=
(,)
② A" =
detas" = (e) C =

34 .

Using Matrices to
represent linear transformations in 3D
.

T . a
mapping
another
which Transforms a
point with

rewit. .
position rector() To

Thing according
to a

T
2 .

UT : combined
Tranformation of T followed by U .
LE .

35 Inverse effect of transformation

.

Using matrices to reverse the a linear .

TX =
Xz

Xi = T +
X2

36 . The
Elgenvalues and
Eigenvectors of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices
1E HEI

Eigen-characteristic . Used to reduce the dimension of large sets

 by selecting only a
few modes with
significant eigenvalues
I decompose the matrix) .A

In quantum .
(Hamiltonian) .

eigenvalue represents energy

level,

eigenvecti represent wave function .

Ax
·
= X *: *.
eigenvector of matrix A (non-zer)
X
eigenvalue of matrix A
corresponding
To X -
I can be zer) .

Duringbut transformation
direction
,
magnitude of changes.
.
not

Characteristic det )A-XI)

equation =
·

·
normalised rector :

lab(g)
Line
of invariant
points eigenvalue 1.
·
=
:

37 .

Reducing a
symmetric matrix to
diagonal form

Orthogonal matrix : MMT I

.
(square matrix Al .
·
=

MT MT
.
=

Orthogonal eigenrectus Xi * .
0
· =
:
.

Diagonal matrix : (TEX ***** ).

A AT.
Symmetric matrix :
· =

() . A XX =
.
AX =
X2 * (EX2) = XIAX XXYX2 =

XA Xi = X, XiX xA = X XT * [LAMIX2 XcXiX]T =

-

+ XT Ax .
=
1 XIX ,

XTAX :
-

XIAX = NX2x1 -

N2XIX,
= > 0 = (x, xz)XIX
-
=
) XIX 1 = 0
.
 Reduce matrix A diagonal matrix D
.
symmetric
·
to

1 . Find numalised elgenvectis of A

D with columns the normalised
.
2
consisting of eigenvector
of A
.

3 .
Transpose of DT
4 . D =
PT AP
See
above .

Any symmetric
PT =
matrix
p
+
A ,
matrix P is an
uthogonal maticn

=> D = PTAP =
PTAP .
 450k
w =
Gi1 16] F = -

4: -3 +

G =
490k
-

b, resultant F =
v 6i +
13)
-

40k.
F : ma

a = 5 116i +
135 -
4k.

(a) =

/ 1 +

=
of must

wo. S = 18 · 29 .I

18 :
5x09t2. +4
T = 20
.