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Operating System Notes

An Operating System (OS) is system software that serves as an interface between users and computer hardware, managing resources such as memory, processes, files, and devices. There are various types of OS, including Batch, Time-Sharing, Distributed, Network, Real-Time, Mobile, Multitasking, and Multiprocessing OS, each serving different purposes. Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, device management, security, and providing user interfaces, with examples like Windows, Linux, Android, and UNIX.

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Operating System Notes

An Operating System (OS) is system software that serves as an interface between users and computer hardware, managing resources such as memory, processes, files, and devices. There are various types of OS, including Batch, Time-Sharing, Distributed, Network, Real-Time, Mobile, Multitasking, and Multiprocessing OS, each serving different purposes. Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, device management, security, and providing user interfaces, with examples like Windows, Linux, Android, and UNIX.

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Operating System - Study Notes

What is an Operating System?

An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an interface between the user and computer

hardware. It manages resources like memory, processes, files, and devices.

Functions of Operating System:

- Process Management

- Memory Management

- File Management

- Device Management

- Security & Access Control

- User Interface (GUI/CLI)

Types of Operating Systems:

1. Batch OS - Processes batches of jobs (e.g., IBM OS/360)

2. Time-Sharing OS - Allows multiple users simultaneously (e.g., UNIX)

3. Distributed OS - Runs across multiple machines (e.g., LOCUS)

4. Network OS - Supports network services (e.g., Novell NetWare)

5. Real-Time OS - Immediate processing (e.g., VxWorks, RTLinux)

6. Mobile OS - For smartphones (e.g., Android, iOS)

7. Multitasking OS - Runs multiple programs (e.g., Windows)

8. Multiprocessing OS - Supports multiple CPUs (e.g., Linux)

Examples of Operating Systems:

Desktop/Laptop: Windows (7, 10, 11), Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora), macOS, UNIX

Mobile: Android, iOS, KaiOS

Server: Windows Server, Ubuntu Server, Red Hat Linux

RTOS: VxWorks, FreeRTOS, RTLinux

Key Terms:

- GUI: Graphical User Interface


- CLI: Command Line Interface

- Kernel: Core of OS managing resources

- Booting: Starting the computer

- Multitasking: Running multiple programs

- Plug and Play: Automatic hardware detection

Important Exam Points:

1. OS is system software, not application software.

2. Windows is the most widely used OS.

3. Android is based on Linux kernel.

4. Linux is open-source and free.

5. UNIX is used in academic and server environments.

6. Real-Time OS is used in embedded systems.

7. MS-DOS is a CLI-based single-user OS.

8. OS loads into RAM during booting.

9. GUI-based OS allows easy interaction (e.g., Windows, macOS).

10. File management and memory management are major OS tasks.

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