4133 8 [This question paper contains 8 printed pages.

(ii) Starting and ending flag bytes, with bit Your Roll No.....,.........
stuffing.
Sr. No. of Question Paper 4133 H
(iii) Character Count
Unique Paper Code 2342012403
A1so, what will be the original data, if the output
after byte-stuffing is given as: Name of the Paper Computer Networks

FLAG A B ESC ESC C ESC ESC ESC FLAG

I ) Nurrr" of the Course B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer
Science (UGCF NEP)
ESCFLAGDXFLAG.
S emester TV
(b) Write short notes on : (8)
Duration : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 90
(i) File Transfer Protocol
(ii) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Instructions for Candidates
Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt
7 (a) State Shannon's theorem. Determine the rnaximum of this question paper.
achievable data rate for this channel based on
2 The paper has two sections. All questions in 'Section
Shannon's theorem when the communication
A' are compulsory.
channel has a bandwidth of 5 MHz and an SNR
of 40 dB. (7\ 3 Attempt any four questions from (Section B'.
4 Parts of a question must be answered together.
(b) Draw the layered architecture of TCP/IP model ) )
explaining the services provided by each layer.
Given an example network, if we change the LAN
Section A
technology to a new one, which layers in the TCP/
lP protocol suite need to be changed and why? (a) For each of the following four networks, discuss
List the layers at which routers and switches are
the consequences if a connection fails : (3)
used. (8)
(i) Five devices arranged in a mesh topology

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(ii) Five devices arranged in a bus topology 5 (a) Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth
of 4 kHz. We need to multiplex 10 voice channels
(iii) Five devices arranged in a ring topology
with guard bands of 500 Hz using FDM. Calculate
(b) For each of the following network applications, the required bandwidth. (5)
indicate whether TCP or UDP would best fit
the service requirements of the application, and
(b) (i) A code includes the four four-bit codewords:
justify. (3) ) ) 1001, 0l10, 1010, and 0101.
. What is the minimum distance of this code?
(i) Multiplayer online first-person shooting
game . What is the maximum number of errors
that this code is guaranteed to detect?
(ii) Text-based instant messaging app
. What is the maximum number of errors
(iii) Video Streaming
that this code is guaranteed to correct?
(c) Calculate the maximum data rate of a channel
(i0 A 12-bit odd-parity Hamming code whose
with a bandwidth of 200KHz when sixteen levels
binary value is
111001001111 arrives at a
of digital signaling are used. (3)
receiver. What was the original value of the
message ? Assume that not more than 1 bit
(d) Suppose a communication system has a bandwidth
of 10 MHz. Using FDM, this bandwidth is divided is in error. (4+6)

into 5 equal frequency bands. Each band carries

a separate signal with a bandwidth of 2 MHz. ) ) O. (a) The following character encoding is used in a data
Calculate the total bandwidth required for link protocol: A: 7 11010101; B: 10101001; FLAG:
multiplexing these signals using FDM. (3) 011I1110; ESC: 10100011 Show the bit sequence
transmitted (in binary) for the five-character frame:
(e) Name the layer of the OSI model which performs A ESC B ESC FLAG when each of the following
the following functions, (3) framing methods are used: (7)

(i) Route determination (i) Flag bytes with byte stuffing.

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(b) Differentiate between the following:' (8) (ii) Process-to-process delivery

(i) Unipolar and Bipolar Line Coding Schemes (iii) Error Correction and error Detection

(ii) Data Element and Signal Element (0 State the significance of the following special Ip
addresses : (3)
4 (a) Which algorithm is used in CSMA/CD networks, (i) 127.0.0.1
particularly in scenarios where multiple stations
) )
contend for the channel while transmitting long
(ii) 25s.2s5.255.25s
files? Give the functionality of the algorithm. (ii0 0.0.0.0
(s)
(g) What is the purpose of following flag bits with
(b) Given the IP address 192.168.0.0124, an respect to TCP header? (3)
organization needs to create two subnets with the
(D SYN
following requirements: ( l0)
(iD FIN
. Subnet l: 50 hosts
(iiD DF
. Subnet 2: 30 hosts
(h) In a mesh network configuration comprising eight
For each of these subnets, give the devices, how many ports does each device require
(i) first IP address assigned
to establish direct connections with every other
) )
device in the network? Furthermore, what is the
(ii) last IP address assigned total count of physical links necessary to facilitate
(iii) data communication between all interconnected
subnet mask in the w.x.y.z/s notation
devices? (3)
(iv) identify the range of IP addresses available
(i) Give three differences between circuit switching
(v) number of host and network bits and packet switching? (3)

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(l) Name the protocols to be used in the following Using Dijkstra's algorithm, illustrate the step-by-
scenarios : (3) step process of determining the shortest path from
router A to router E. (8)
(i) To map an IP address to a MAC address

(ii) To map a MAC address to an IP address l (a) Consider a Go-Back-N ARQ protocol operating
(iii) To assign the IP addresses to the host over a network. The window size (W) is 4, and
) the sequence numbers range from 0 to 7. Assume
automatically
that frames with sequence numbers 0, 1,2, and 3
have been successfully received by the receiver,
Scction B
and the receiver has sent acknowledgment (ACK)
for frames up to sequence number 3. Now, due to
2 (a) Compare and contrast TCP and UDP (User
network congestion, the frame with sequence
Datagram Protocol) in terms of their features,
number 4 is lost. Q)
advantages, and disadvantages' Discuss scenarios
where each protocol would be suitable for data (i) What is the size of the window for sender
transmission. Q) and receiver?

(b) Consider comprising five routers labeled

a network (ii) Calculate the range of valid sequence

as A, B, C, D, and E. The interconnections and numbers at the sender's side after the loss
their associated costs are given as follows : of frame with sequence number 4.
. Link between A and B: Cost 2 ) ) (iii) Determine the range of sequence numbers
. Link between A and C: Cost 4 expected by the receiver after it has sent
. Link between B and C: Cost 1
ACK for frames up to sequence number 3.

. Link between B and D: Cost 5 (iv) Explain how the sender and receiver handle
. Link between C and D: Cost 3 the loss of frame 4 and maintain
. synchronization using sequence numbers in
Link between C and E: Cost 7
the Go-Back-N ARQ protocol.
. Link between D and E: Cost 2
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