Radians and Trigonometry (Past papers questions 1997-2009)

1. [Maximum mark: 5] - NC

The diagram below shows two straight lines intersecting at O and two circles, each with
centre O. The outer circle has radius R, and the inner circle has radius r.

Consider the shaded regions with areas A and B. Given that A : B = 2:1, find the exact value
of the ratio R: r

2. [Maximum mark: 5] - NC

The diagram below shows a curve with equation y = 1+ k sin x, defined for 0 3 ≤ ≤x π.

𝜋
The point A ( , −2) lies on the curve and B (a, b) is the maximum point.
6

(a) Show that k = −6. [2 marks]

(b) Hence, find the values of a and b. [3 marks]

3. [Maximum mark: 5] - NC
1 1 𝜋
(a) Show that 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (3) = 4
[2 marks]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of arctan (2) + arctan (3) [3 marks]

1
4. [Maximum mark: 8] - NC
A triangle has sides of length (n2 + n +1), (2n +1) and (n2 −1) where n >1.
(a) Explain why the side (n2 + n +1) must be the longest side of the triangle. [3 marks]
(b) Show that the largest angle, θ, of the triangle is 120o. [5 marks]

5. [Maximum mark: 18]

Two non-intersecting circles C1, containing points M and S, and C2 , containing points
N and R, have centres P and Q where PQ = 50. The line segments [MN] and [SR] are
common tangents to the circles. The size of the reflex angle MPS is α, the size of the
obtuse angle NQR is β, and the size of the angle MPQ is θ. The arc length MS is l1
and the arc length NR is l2. This information is represented in the diagram below.

The radius of C1 is x, where x ≥10 and the radius of C2 is 10.

(a) Explain why x < 40. [1 mark]

𝑥−10
(b) Show that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = . [2 marks]
50

(c) (i) Find an expression for MN in terms of x.

(ii) Find the value of x that maximises MN. [2 marks]

(d) Find an expression in terms of x for

(i) α;

(ii) β. [4 marks]

(e) The length of the perimeter is given by l1 + l2 + MN + SR.

(i) Find an expression, b (x), for the length of the perimeter in terms of x .

(ii) Find the maximum value of the length of the perimeter.

(iii) Find the value of x that gives a perimeter of length 200. [9 marks]

2
6. [Maximum mark: 7]
The diagram below shows two concentric circles with centre O and radii 2 cm and 4 cm.
𝜋
The points P and Q lie on the larger circle and 𝑃𝑂̂𝑄 = x, where 0 < 𝑥 < 2 .

(a) Show that the area of the shaded region is 8sin x − 2x. [3 marks]

(b) Find the maximum area of the shaded region. [4 marks]

7. [Maximum mark: 5] - NC
In triangle ABC, AB cm = 9 cm , AC =12 cm , and 𝐵̂ is twice the size of 𝐶̂ .
Find the cosine of 𝐶̂ .

8. [Maximum mark: 6] - NC
In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC.
CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3. C𝐴̂D = α and B𝐷
̂ A = β.

Find the exact value of cos (α − β).

3
9. [Total mark: 20]
Part A [Maximum mark: 12]
In triangle ABC, BC = a , AC = b , AB = c and [BD] is perpendicular to [AC].

(a) Show that CD = b − c cos A. [1 mark]

(b) Hence, by using Pythagoras’ Theorem in the triangle BCD, prove the cosine rule

for the triangle ABC. [4 marks]

1 3
(c) If ABC = 60o, use the cosine rule to show that 𝑎 ± √𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 [7 marks]
2 4

Part B [Maximum mark: 8]

The above three-dimensional diagram shows the points

P and Q which are respectively west and south-west of
the base R of a vertical flagpole RS on horizontal ground.

The angles of elevation of the top S of the flagpole from

P and Q are respectively 35o and 40o, and PQ = 20 m .

Determine the height of the flagpole.

10. [Maximum mark: 6]

The depth, h (t) metres, of water at the entrance to a harbour at t hours after midnight
on a particular day is given by

(a) Find the maximum depth and the minimum depth of the water. [3 marks]

(b) Find the values of t for which h (t) ≥ 8. [3 marks]

4
11. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider triangle ABC with BAC = 37.8o, AB = 8.75 and BC = 6.
Find AC.

12. [Maximum mark: 6]

The diagram below shows a pair of intersecting circles with centres at P and Q with
radii of 5 cm and 6 cm respectively. RS is the common chord of both circles and PQ
is 7 cm.

Find the area of the shaded region.

13. The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius 1, with AO B = θ, θ ≠ 0. The area of
ΔAOB is three times the shaded area.

𝜋 𝜋
14. Solve tan2 2θ =1, in the interval − 2
≤ 𝜃≤ 2

15. The graph below represents y = a sin (x + b) + c , where a, b, and c are constants.

5
 Find values for a, b and c.

16. Let 𝐴̂, ̂

𝐵, 𝐶̂ be the angles of a triangle.
Show that 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴̂ + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵̂ + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ̂ 𝐶 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ̂𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵̂ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ̂𝐶 .

17. Let ABC be a right-angled triangle, where 𝐶̂ = 90o. The line (AD) bisects B𝐴̂C, BD = 3, and
DC = 2, as shown in the diagram.

Find angle D𝐴̂C.

𝜋
18. Given that 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 0, for 0 < 𝑥 < 2 , find an expression for cos2x in terms of a
and b.

6
19. The following three-dimensional diagram shows the four points A, B, C and D. A, B and C

are in the same horizontal plane, and AD is vertical. ABˆ C = 45o, BC = 50 m, A𝐵̂D = 30o,

A𝐶̂ D = 20o.

Using the cosine rule in the triangle ABC, or otherwise, find AD.

20. [Maximum mark: 21] - NC

(a) Sketch the curve 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π . [2 marks]
(b) Hence sketch on a separate diagram the graph of 𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 , 0 ≤ ≤x π ,
clearly stating the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and
the equations of any asymptotes. [5 marks]
(c) Show that 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ≡ 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 . [3 marks]
(d) Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the local maximum and local
𝜋
minimum points on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 . [5 marks]
𝜋
(e) Find the solution of the equation 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 = 1.5 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 0.5 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
[6 marks]

21.

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 22. The angle 𝜃 satisfies the equation 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 3 , where 𝜃 is in degrees. Find all the
possible values of 𝜃lying in the interval [0o, 90o].

23. Find all values of 𝜃, so that 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 5 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃, 0𝑜 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90𝑜

2 1
24. Find the exact value of sin (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
3 4

25. [Maximum mark: 6]

A system of equations is given by

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 1.2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 1.4

(a) For each equation express y in terms of x. [2 marks]

(b) Hence solve the system for 0 < x < π, 0 < y < π. [4 marks]

26.