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Arrays and Strings in C Exam Notes

The document provides an overview of arrays and strings in C, detailing their declaration, initialization, and the lack of automatic bound checking. It explains one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, as well as character arrays used for strings, including examples. Additionally, it lists common string functions such as strlen, strcpy, and strcmp.

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3 views2 pages

Arrays and Strings in C Exam Notes

The document provides an overview of arrays and strings in C, detailing their declaration, initialization, and the lack of automatic bound checking. It explains one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, as well as character arrays used for strings, including examples. Additionally, it lists common string functions such as strlen, strcpy, and strcmp.

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Arrays and Strings in C - Exam Notes

Arrays and Strings are fundamental concepts in C, used to store and manipulate

data efficiently. Arrays store multiple values of the same data type, while strings are character

arrays used to handle text.

1. Array Declaration and Initialization

Array Declaration: Arrays are declared with a data type, name, and size.

Example: int arr[5]; // Declares an integer array with 5 elements.

Array Initialization: Arrays can be initialized at the time of declaration.

Example: int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Array is initialized with 5 values.

2. Bound Checking in Arrays

C does not perform automatic bound checking. Accessing elements outside the array

size may lead to undefined behavior. It is the programmer's responsibility to ensure valid

indexing.

3. One-Dimensional Array

One-dimensional arrays store data in a single row.

Example: int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Stores 5 elements.

4. Two-Dimensional Array

Two-dimensional arrays store data in rows and columns.

Example:

int matrix[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}; // 2 rows and 3 columns.


Arrays and Strings in C - Exam Notes

5. Character Arrays and Strings

Character arrays store strings in C. A string is a sequence of characters

terminated with a null character '\0'.

Example: char str[6] = "Hello"; // 'Hello' is stored with an implicit null terminator.

Common String Functions:

1. strlen(str): Returns the length of the string.

2. strcpy(dest, src): Copies one string to another.

3. strcmp(str1, str2): Compares two strings.

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