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DBS Lecture27

The document provides an overview of subqueries in SQL, defining them as queries embedded within other queries, particularly in the WHERE clause. It discusses various types of subqueries, including single-row, multiple-row, and multiple-column subqueries, along with their usage and operators. Additionally, it covers the application of aggregate functions within subqueries and the use of AND/OR clauses.

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3 views31 pages

DBS Lecture27

The document provides an overview of subqueries in SQL, defining them as queries embedded within other queries, particularly in the WHERE clause. It discusses various types of subqueries, including single-row, multiple-row, and multiple-column subqueries, along with their usage and operators. Additionally, it covers the application of aggregate functions within subqueries and the use of AND/OR clauses.

Uploaded by

abubakarzafar940
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database

Systems
Lecture # 27

1
Sub Queries

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Sub Queries
● In SQL a Subquery can be simply defined as
a query within another query.
● In other words we can say that a Subquery is
a query that is embedded in WHERE clause
of another SQL query.

3
●What are the Products whose unit price is
greater than the price of Tofu?

4
Subqueries
● We can write Subqueries in SQL Statements
● The Subquery(inner query) executes once
before the main query
● The result of Subquery is used by the main
query(outer query)
● Subquery can be placed in WHERE clause

5
SubQuery
●SELECT select_list
●FROM table
●WHERE expr operator
● (SELECT select_list
● FROM table);

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Subquery

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Using Subquery
1. Enclose subqueries in parentheses
2. Do not add an ORDER BY clause in
subquery
3. Use single row operator with single
row subquery
4. Use Multiple row operators with
multi-row subquery

8
Types of Subqueries
1. Single Row subqueries

2. Multiple Row Subqueries

3. Multiple Column Subqueries

9
Types of Subqueries

Single-row Subqueries

Main query
Subquery Returns 15.5

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Types of Subqueries

Multiple-row Subqueries
Main query 15.5
Subquery Returns
10
15

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Types of Subqueries

Multiple-Column Subqueries
Main query A 15.5
Subquery Returns
B 10

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Single-Row Subquery
● Return only one row
● Use single row comparison operator
Operator Meaning
= Equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
<> Not equal to

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Display EmployeeID,FirsrtName of all
employees whose Title is same as that of
Robert

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SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Products
WHERE UnitPrice>= (SELECT UnitPrice FROM Product
WHERE ProductName = ‘Konbu’)
AND UnitPrice <= (SELECT UnitPrice FROM Product WHERE
ProductName = ‘AniseedSyrup’);

Show product id whose SupplierID is same as supplier ID of


Tofu?
Show products whose UnitPrice is less than the price of
Konbu?
15
AND / OR Clause
Subqueries
●Subqueries can also written in OR, AND
clauses.

16
Show product names and unitsOnOrder whose unitsonOrder
are greater than Chang and less than Aniseed Syrup?
Show product names and unitPrice whose UnitPrice is
greater equal than the price of Konbu and less than equal to
Tofu? 17
Subqueries With Aggregate
Functions
● We can use aggregate function in sub query
● Consider the question:
● Display the name and ids of all products
whose unit price is equal to the minimum
price?

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Show name and id of the product who has maximum Unit Price ?

Show product names whose maximum units on order ?

20
Subqueries With Aggregate Functions
● Recall aggregate functions can be used in two ways
1.Column Level
● SELECT MIN(UnitPrice)
FROM PRODUCTS;
2. Group Level
● SELECT MAX(UnitPrice)
FROM PRODUCTS
GROUP BY CategoryID;

21
Show names of product who has maximum Unit Price in each
category ?
Show product names whose maximum units on order in each
category?
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ERROR

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Multi-Row Subqueries
● Return more than one row
● Use multi-row comparison operator
Operator Meaning
IN Equal to a member in list

NOT IN Not Equal to a member in list

ANY Compare value to each value returned by sub-


query
ALL Compare value to every value returned by sub-
query
EXISTS, NOT Correlated Subquery Compare with outer query
EXISTS

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Show name of Customers who do not order for desks

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ANY & ALL Operators
● These Operators are used in combination
with relational operators
● > ANY: Greater than Smallest value in list
● > ALL : Means Greater than Largest Value in
the List

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