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Slope Deflection Method

The slope deflection method, introduced by George A. Maney in 1915, is an indeterminate method for analyzing continuous beams and frames, focusing on flexural deformations while neglecting shear and axial deformations. Although considered largely obsolete, it remains useful for hand analysis of small structures and provides foundational knowledge for more advanced methods like moment distribution. The method involves calculating fixed end moments, forming slope deflection equations, and solving for unknowns to determine actual moments and reactions in structures.

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15 views15 pages

Slope Deflection Method

The slope deflection method, introduced by George A. Maney in 1915, is an indeterminate method for analyzing continuous beams and frames, focusing on flexural deformations while neglecting shear and axial deformations. Although considered largely obsolete, it remains useful for hand analysis of small structures and provides foundational knowledge for more advanced methods like moment distribution. The method involves calculating fixed end moments, forming slope deflection equations, and solving for unknowns to determine actual moments and reactions in structures.

Uploaded by

Anessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SLOPE DEFLECTION

METHOD
Indeterminate Method
History
• George A. Maney introduced slope deflection in a 1915
University of Minnesota engineering publication.
• For nearly 15 years, until the introduction of moment
distribution, slope deflection was the popular ‘‘exact’’
method used for the analysis of continuous beams and
frames in the United States.
Introduction
Slope deflection is a method that takes into account the flexural
deformations of beams and frames (rotations, settlements, etc.), but that
neglects shear and axial deformations. Although this classical method is
generally considered obsolete, its study can be useful for several
reasons.
These include:
1. Slope deflection is convenient for hand analysis of some small
structures.
2. Knowledge of the method provides an excellent background for
understanding the moment distribution method.
3. It is a special case of the displacement, or stiffness, and provides a
very effective introduction for the matrix formulation of structures.
4. The slopes and deflections determined by slope deflection enable the
analyst to easily sketch the deformed shape of a particular structure. The
result is that he or she has a better ‘‘feel’’ for the behavior of
structures.
Applications
• The slope deflection method is applicable to structure with multiple
indeterminacy, such as:
• Beam
• Beams with support settlements
• Frames
• Frames with sidesway
• Frames with support settlements
• Frames with support settlements and sidesways.
But, the degree of difficulty is limited to a certain number of
indeterminacy. The number of Slope-generating joints determine the
number of unknowns in a certain structure.
That is why the next topic (MDM) is derived wherein it can solve multiple
number of unknowns without the difficulty in solution
Slope Deflection Equations
General Equations: MAB
MAB = FEMAB + 2EK (2θA+ θB – 3R) FEMAB
MBA = FEMBA + 2EK (2θB + θA – 3R)
A R
Where:
Δ θA
MAB = Real Moments generated at end A
θB
MBA = Real Moments generated at end B
R B

FEMAB = Fixed End Moment at end A L FEMBA


MBA
FEMBA = Fixed End Moment at end B
K = Stiffness Factor of member AB = I/L
R = Displacement Factor = Δ/L
θA= rotation at end A
θB= rotation at end B
Generally
M(Near)(Far) = FEM(Near)(Far) + 2EK (2θNear+ θFar – 3R)
Sign Conventions
• The Actual Moments(MAB,BA)and Fixed End Moments
(FEMAB,BA)are considered POSITIVE if they act in a
CLOCKWISE DIRECTION, negative if counter-clockwise
• The angle(θA,B) is POSITIVE if the tangent to the elastic
curve rotates in a CLOCKWISE direction, and negative if
in a counter-clockwise direction
• The sign of the Δ, and therefore R, is considered
positive if a line joining A to B rotates in a CLOCKWISE
direction, and negative if in a counter-clockwise
direction
Step by step procedure of
SDM
1. Determine the FIXED END MOMENTS at the ends of every member,
use the available table or the derived equation
2. Write the equations for the conditions obtaining at each
individual joint.
3. Write the SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS for the moment at each
end of every member
4. The equations formed in steps 1-3 are solved simultaneously
for the unknown θ and R values.
5. When these have been determined, the actual moments may be
calculated by substituting the value of θ and R into the
equations in step 3.
6. Determine all reactions, draw the shear and moment diagrams,
and sketch the elastic curve.
Fixed End Moments Table
Derivation
The name slope deflection comes from the fact that the
moments at the ends of the members in statically
indeterminate structures are expressed in terms of the
rotations (or slopes) and deflections of the joints.
For developing the equations, members are assumed to have
constant cross section between supports.
Although it is possible to derive expressions for members
of varying section, the results are so complex they are
of little practical value. It is further assumed that the
joints in a structure may rotate or deflect, but the
angles between the different members meeting at a joint
remain unchanged.
Examples
Determine the End Moments and Support Reactions of the Beam using Three
Moment Equation. E=29x103 ksi, I = 45 in4. AB = 3I, BC = 2.2I, CD = 1.5I.
Sketch the elastic curve

15 k/ft
12 k/ft 11 k/ft
8k
6 k/ft 7.5 k/ft

A B C D
ΔB = 0.9” upward
4.5’ 5.5’ 2’ 2.5’ 2.5’ 3’ 5’ 4’ 2’

Ma = Ray =
Mb = Rby =
Mc = Rcy =
Md = Rdy =
Determine the End Moments and Support Reactions of the Beam using Three
Moment Equation. E=200 GPa, I = 220x106 mm4. AB = 1.2I, BC = 0.8I. Sketch
the elastic curve

16 kN/m
11 kN/m

A B C
ΔB = 10.5mm downward
3.5m 5m 3m 1m 3m

Ma = Ray =
Mb = Rby =
Mc = Rcy =

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