import java.awt.

*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.util.Vector;
//******************************************************************************
*******
//********************** Our Canvas *****************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
class our_canvas extends Canvas
{
public void update(Graphics g)
{
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
}
}
//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
//*************************** Ball Class **************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
class Ball
{
static int box_width;
static int box_height;
//Following properties are set in the constructor
int initial_x;
int initial_y;
int initial_xdelta;
int initial_ydelta;
int ball_width;
int radius;
Image ball_pic;
//Dynamic properties
int center_x;
//The current position of the center of the ball
int center_y;
int pos_x;
//The current position of the upper left corner of the pict
ure
int pos_y;
int delta_x;
//The delta value of the ball(speed and direction)
int delta_y;
//Constructor
Ball(int initial_x_in, int initial_y_in, int initial_xdelta_in, int initial_yd

elta_in,
int ball_width_in, Image ball_pic_in)
{
initial_x
= initial_x_in;
initial_y
= initial_y_in;
delta_x
= initial_xdelta_in;
delta_y
= initial_ydelta_in;
ball_width
= ball_width_in;
ball_pic
= ball_pic_in;
radius = ball_width / 2;
center_x = initial_x + radius;
center_y = initial_y + radius;
pos_x = initial_x;
pos_y = initial_y;
}
public void move_ball()
{
pos_x += delta_x;
pos_y += delta_y;
if
{
if
{

( (pos_x > (box_width - ball_width) ) || (pos_x < 0) )

flip_horz_direction(); }
( (pos_y > (box_height - ball_width) ) || (pos_y < 0) )
flip_vert_direction(); }

center_x = pos_x + radius;

center_y = pos_y + radius;
}
public void flip_horz_direction()
{
delta_x *= -1;
pos_x += delta_x;
center_x = pos_x + radius;
}
public void flip_vert_direction()
{
delta_y *= -1;
pos_y += delta_y;
center_y = pos_y + radius;
}
public void set_delta(int delta_x_in, int delta_y_in)
{
delta_x = delta_x_in;
delta_y = delta_y_in;
}

}
//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************

*******

//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
//*************************** The Applet **************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
//******************************************************************************
*******
public class bouncing_balls extends Applet implements Runnable
{
private AudioClip boink_sound;
private Button add_button, subtract_button;
MediaTracker mt;
Image ball_img = null;
Image background_img;
int ball_width;
int b_width;
int b_height;
Image img_buffer;
Graphics g_buffer;
Graphics g_canvas;
Vector ball_vector;
private Thread animate;
our_canvas ball_canvas;
//************************ Start *************************************
public void start()
{
super.init();
boink_sound = getAudioClip( getDocumentBase(), "boink.au");
ball_vector = new Vector (1);
ball_img = getPicImage("ball.gif");
ball_width = ball_img.getWidth(null);
background_img = getPicImage("sky.gif");
b_width = background_img.getWidth(null);
b_height = background_img.getHeight(null);
this.resize(b_width, b_height + 35 ); //Leave room for the buttons
img_buffer = createImage( b_width, b_height);
g_buffer = img_buffer.getGraphics();
Ball.box_width = b_width;
Ball.box_height = b_height;
ball_canvas = new our_canvas();
ball_canvas.resize(b_width, b_height);
add(ball_canvas);
add_button = new Button("Add Ball");
subtract_button = new Button("Subtract Ball");
add(add_button);
add(subtract_button);

add_ball();

//Start with one ball

if (animate == null)
{
animate = new Thread (this);
animate.start();
}
}
//******* Run- this method is called by the thread "animate" and starts an en
dless loop ***
public void run()
{
try
{
for (;;)
{
Thread.sleep(15); //We repaint the screen every 15 micro seconds
collision_detect();
move_balls();
repaint();
}
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{ return; };
}
//************************ Stop *************************************
public void stop()
{
if (animate != null)
{
animate.stop();
animate=null;
}
}
//************************ Action *************************************
public boolean action(Event evt, Object what)
{
if (evt.target == add_button)
{
add_ball();
}
if (evt.target == subtract_button)
{
subtract_ball();
}
return true;
}

//************************ Update *************************************

public void update(Graphics g)
{
paint(g);

}
//************************ Paint *************************************
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g_buffer.drawImage(background_img, 0, 0, null);
for ( int i=0; i < ball_vector.size(); i++)
{
Ball hold_ball = (Ball) ball_vector.elementAt(i);
g_buffer.drawImage( hold_ball.ball_pic, hold_ball.pos_x, hold_ball.pos_y, nu
ll);
}
g_canvas= ball_canvas.getGraphics();
g_canvas.drawImage(img_buffer, 0, 0, null);
}
//*************** Add a bouncing ball to the Applet ******************
public void add_ball()
{
int initial_x = (int) ( Math.random() * (b_width - ball_width) );
int initial_y = (int) ( Math.random() * (b_height - ball_width) );
int intial_delta_x = (int) (Math.random() * 2) + 1;
int intial_delta_y = (int) (Math.random() * 2) + 1;
ball_vector.addElement( new Ball( initial_x, initial_y, intial_delta_x, inti
al_delta_y, ball_width, ball_img) );
}
//*************** Subtract a bouncing ball from the Applet ******************
public void subtract_ball()
{
if ( ball_vector.size() > 0 )
ball_vector.removeElementAt(0);
}
//*************** Move the balls ********************************************
public void move_balls()
{
for ( int i=0; i < ball_vector.size(); i++)
{
((Ball)ball_vector.elementAt(i)).move_ball();
}
}
//********************* Collsion detection ********************
public void collision_detect()
{
int A, B;
double C;
int curr_ball;
int hold_delta_x;
int hold_delta_y;
for ( curr_ball = 0; curr_ball < ball_vector.size(); curr_ball++)
{
for ( int i=0; i < ball_vector.size(); i++)
{
if ( i != curr_ball)
{

Ball hold_curr_ball = (Ball)ball_vector.elementAt(curr_ball);

Ball hold_check_ball = (Ball)ball_vector.elementAt(i);
A = Math.abs(hold_curr_ball.center_x - hold_check_ball.center_x);
B = Math.abs(hold_curr_ball.center_y - hold_check_ball.center_y);
C = Math.sqrt( (A*A) + (B*B) );
if (C < ( hold_curr_ball.radius + hold_check_ball.radius) )
{
boink_sound.play();
hold_delta_x = hold_curr_ball.delta_x;
hold_delta_y = hold_curr_ball.delta_y;
hold_curr_ball.set_delta(hold_check_ball.delta_x, hold_check_ball.de
lta_y);
hold_check_ball.set_delta(hold_delta_x, hold_delta_y);
hold_curr_ball.move_ball();
hold_check_ball.move_ball();
}
}
}
}
}

//*************** getPicImage **************************************

// Use MediaTracker to insure the images are fully loaded before
// we try to use them
private Image getPicImage(String image_file_name)
{
Image img_work = null;
mt = new MediaTracker(this);
try
{
img_work = getImage(getDocumentBase(),image_file_name);
}
catch(Exception e1)
{
System.out.println(e1);
}
mt.addImage(img_work, 0);
try
{
showStatus("Loading image " + image_file_name );
mt.checkID(0, true);
mt.waitForID(0);
}
catch(InterruptedException e2)
{
System.out.println(e2);
}
return img_work;
}
} //---- End of Applet