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Module 1 (Lecture 4)

The document discusses design considerations for wireless transmission. The main objectives are maximizing data rate while minimizing expenditure on signal power, channel bandwidth, and transmitter/receiver complexity. Wired transmission is simpler since telephone channels are less hostile than radio channels. For wireless, factors like multipath fading and Doppler spread must be considered. Bandwidth efficiency allows for more users and revenue, though WLAN prioritizes this less than cellular. Power efficiency balances receiver complexity against battery consumption. Adjacent channel interference limits cell operation and influences system cost and capacity. Wireless techniques include pulse transmission, TDMA, and spread spectrum like CDMA and WLAN.

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Pooja Kachhela
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48 views14 pages

Module 1 (Lecture 4)

The document discusses design considerations for wireless transmission. The main objectives are maximizing data rate while minimizing expenditure on signal power, channel bandwidth, and transmitter/receiver complexity. Wired transmission is simpler since telephone channels are less hostile than radio channels. For wireless, factors like multipath fading and Doppler spread must be considered. Bandwidth efficiency allows for more users and revenue, though WLAN prioritizes this less than cellular. Power efficiency balances receiver complexity against battery consumption. Adjacent channel interference limits cell operation and influences system cost and capacity. Wireless techniques include pulse transmission, TDMA, and spread spectrum like CDMA and WLAN.

Uploaded by

Pooja Kachhela
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1(Lecture 4)

Design Consideration for wireless

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Main design objective


Maximum data rate. Minimize expenditure on Signal power. Channel bandwidth. Transmitter and receiver complexity.

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Design of wired transmission

Transmission schemes simple.

of Twisted pair, co-axial cable and fibre optical cable are

Purpose is to provide higher data rate and higher bandwidth efficiency. High bandwidth efficiency result in: Reduced connect time. No need for leasing additional circuitry to support application in hand.

A typical telephone channel is less hostile than radio channel.


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For wireless modems


Radio channels are characterized by multipath fading and Doppler spread. Main considerations: Power. Bandwidth efficiency.

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Bandwidth efficiency
More bandwidth One example: On the contrary:
WLAN where bandwidth efficiency is not as critical as cellular. Burst-mode traffic. WLAN rarely approaches system capacity. Unlicensed band.

more users

more revenue

Cellular industry. Licensed band. Increased capacity means more users

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Power efficiency
Power requirement : Power required by the electronics in the terminal device. Amount of power required at the output of power amplifier to radiate signal power from the antenna. Function of : High data rates need high SNR. More complex receiver design needs less transmitted power. A trade-off between complexity of receiver and electronic power consumption. Example: some handheld design avoids using complex speed coding to reduce battery consumption.
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Source: Principal of Wireless Netwoks: A Unified Approach PHI by Pahlavan

Adjacent channel interference


An important design parameter that limits the operation between two adjacent channels in cellular network. ACI determines the geographical area of cell. ACI indirectly influences system cost and capacity. Radio design: keep ACI -60 dB below the main lobe in the spectrum.

Source: Principal of Wireless Netwoks: A Unified Approach PHI by Pahlavan

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Wireless transmission technique


First category: Pulse transmission used for IR application or ultra-wide-band (UWB) transmission. (Base band- used for short distance) Second, basic using TDMA. modulation

Third, spread spectrum used in CDMA and WLAN.

Source: Principal of Wireless Netwoks: A Unified Approach PHI by Pahlavan

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Short distance baseband


Pulse modulation. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) :less popular. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Example: wired: IEEE 802.3 Ethernet for LAN. wireless: IEEE 802.11 High speed IR for WLAN and Ultra Wide Band (UWB).

Source: Principal of Wireless Netwoks: A Unified Approach PHI by Pahlavan

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What is Ultra wide Band (UWB)


An impulse in time-domain results in Ultra Wide band in time domain and essentially looks like a white noise to other devices.

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Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)


FCC restricts the maximum noise generated by wireless equipment (0dBm = 1mW, -40 dBm= 0.1 mW. Very short pulses (in ns). FCC approved UWB in 2002. Finds use in short distance wireless

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UWB
Sub-nanoseconds impulses are sent many million time times per second = 25 to 400 ps. 0.25 ns impulse = 100 Mbps. Became feasible with high-speed switching

semiconductor devices. May be position, amplitude or polarity modulated.

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Advantages of UWB
Large bandwidth. Low signal-to-noise ratio. Low probability of intercept and detection. Resistance to jamming. Superior penetration properties at low frequency spectrum. Shares spectrum with other applications. All digital. Low cost.

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Advantages UWB
Very Low energy consumption. Line-of-Sight not required. Passes through object. Pulse width much smaller than path delay: Hence easy to resolve Multipath. Also can use Multipath.

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