Hypervisor and Virtualization

What is Virtualization?
VM
Processor
S
E VM
RAM
R VM
ROM V
E VM
Network
R VM

Hypervisor
VMM
(Virtual Machine Manager/Monitor)
 What is a Hypervisor?

• The hypervisor is a hardware virtualization technique that allows

multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a single host system at
the same time.
• A hypervisor is sometimes also called a Virtual Machine Manager
(VMM).
• The program which provides partitioning, isolation, or abstraction is
called a virtualization hypervisor.
 Types of Hypervisor

Types of Hypervisor

Type-1 Hypervisor Type-2 Hypervisor

 Type-1 Hypervisor

• The hypervisor runs directly on the underlying host system.

• It is also known as a “Native Hypervisor” or “Bare metal hypervisor”.
• It does not require any base server operating system.
• It has direct access to hardware resources.
• Examples: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Kernel-based Virtual
Machine (KVM).
 Type-1 Hypervisor
(Bare metal Architecture)

VM VM VM
App App App

Guest Guest Guest

OS OS OS

Hypervisor

Host Hardware
 Type-2 Hypervisor
• A Host operating system runs on the underlying host system.
• It is also known as “Hosted Hypervisor”.
• Such kind of hypervisors doesn’t run directly over the underlying hardware rather
they run as an application in a Host system(physical machine).
• Basically, the software is installed on an operating system. Hypervisor asks the
operating system to make hardware calls.
• Example: Oracle VM VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC.
• Hosted hypervisors are often found on endpoints like PCs. The type-2 hypervisor
is very useful for engineers, and security analysts (for checking malware, or
malicious source code and newly developed applications).
 Type-2 Hypervisor
(Hosted Architecture)

VM VM VM
App App App

Guest Guest Guest

OS OS OS

Hypervisor

Host Operating System

Host Hardware
 Type 1 v/s Type 2 hypervisors
Parameter Type 1 Hypervisor Type 2 Hypervisor
Runs on Underlying physical host machine hardware. Underlying operating system (host OS).
Booting Boots before Operating system Cannot boot until Operating System is up and running
Other names Native/ Bare metal / Embedded Hypervisor Hosted OS Hypervisor
Efficiency Comparatively better Inferior
Support Hardware virtualization Operating system virtualization
Availability Comparatively better Inferior
Performance High Low
Security Comparatively better Inferior
Usage In Datacenter By Lab and IT professionals
Knowledge System administrator-level knowledge. Basic user knowledge.
required
Examples VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Kernel-based Oracle VM VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, Microsoft
Virtual Machine (KVM). Virtual PC.
 Security in Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors

• Type 1 hypervisors offer a greater degree of isolation for each virtual

environment. There's no shared layer like there is with the operating
system for a type 2 hypervisor. This makes virtual machines running on the
type 1 hypervisor inherently more secure.
 Virtualization

• Virtualization is a technique that allows sharing of one physical

instance of an application or resource between multiple customers or
organization.

• The main use of this technology is to provide the applications with

standard versions to their cloud users. For example, if the latest
version of application is released then cloud provider should provide
the latest version to their users.
 Types of Virtualization

Types of Virtualization

Operating
Network Server Storage Memory Application Desktop
System
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization
Virtualization
 Network Virtualization
• Network Virtualization divides Physical Network Resources among multiple Virtual
Networks.

• Combine all components of networks to Administer them using only software.

• Creates logically separate communication channels within and across local area networks
(LANS) to allow multiple types of network channels on the same infrastructure.

• ENV (External Network Virtual: combine one or more network into Virtual units).

• INV (Internal Network Virtual: No external network involved, Single network server).

• Examples of vendors: Networking vendors

 Server virtualization
• If the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) or Virtual Machine Software (VMS) is
directly installed on the server system, it is called as Server Virtualization.

• If single physical server is divided into multiple servers for balancing the load on
demand basis, then Server Virtualization is used.

• Puts an entire server environment i.e. operating system, hardware, and connectivity
onto a virtual machine so it can be run on any compatible server, typically in parallel
with other virtual machines on the same server to increase hardware utilization.

• Examples of vendors: VMware, Microsoft, Citrix

 Server Virtualization
• Server Virtualization is the process of dividing a physical server into several virtual servers,
called virtual private servers. Each virtual private server can run independently.
• The concept of Server Virtualization widely used in the IT infrastructure to minimizes the
costs by increasing the utilization of existing resources.
• Masks server resources (Hiding the detail of physical server, users, processor, Operating
system)
• The biggest advantage of using server visualization is that it reduces the use of physical
space, so it will save money.

• Types of Server Virtualization

Full Virtualization: Hypervisor (needs)
Para Virtualization: Aware ( less needs)
OS-level Virtualization: No need of Hypervisor (Physical server OS)
 Types of Server Virtualization
Full Virtualization: Full Virtualization uses a hypervisor to directly communicate
with the CPU and physical server. It provides the best isolation and security
mechanism to the virtual machines. The biggest disadvantage of using hypervisor in
full virtualization is that a hypervisor has its own processing needs, so it can slow
down the application and server performance.

Para Virtualization: Hypervisor does not need too much processing power to
manage the OS. The advantage of using this virtualization is that it is easier to use,
enhanced performance, and does not require emulation overhead. Xen primarily and
UML use the Para Virtualization.

OS-level Virtualization: It never uses a hypervisor. It is a server virtualization

technology that divides one operating system into multiple isolated user-space called
virtual environments.
Server and Network Virtualization
 Storage virtualization

• The process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network storage devices
is known as Storage virtualization.
• After grouping multiple storage devices to the physical storage it looks like a single
storage device. Storage virtualization is used for back-up and recovery purposes.
• Pools together multiple physical data stores into one logical pool.
• SAN (Storage Area Network)
• Examples of vendors: IBM, EMC, Fujitsu, HP, Hitachi
 Application Virtualization

• Takes applications and their supporting OS capabilities and creates a logical package
for each application that runs as an independent layer on an OS so application don't
affect each other or the underlying OS.
• Examples of vendors: VMware, Microsoft
 Desktop virtualization

• Puts an entire PC environment on a virtual machine so it can be provisioned

to users from a common and centrally stored image.
• Examples of vendors: Citrix, VMware, Ceedo.
 Operating System Virtualization

• If the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) or Virtual Machine Software (VMS) is

installed on the Host Operating System rather than being directly installed on the
hardware system, it is called as Operating System Virtualization.
• Operating System Virtualization is done for testing the applications on various
platforms of OS.
 I/O and Memory Virtualization

• Break down physically separate sets of computing resources into more

flexible logical groupings.
• Examples of vendors: Intel, AMD
 Hardware virtualization
• If the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) or Virtual Machine Software (VMS) is directly
installed on the hardware system, it is called as Hardware virtualization.
• The hardware virtualization is used for the server platform because controlling a virtual
machine is easier than controlling a physical server.
• Hardware virtualization is a type of virtualization where several application or operating
system is run on a single hardware itself.

• It appears to us as if multiple applications are running in different memory but actually they
are running in a same memory.

• An example is the virtual box software in which we install another operating system inside
the software it is called guest machine.

• The virtual box itself is another software running in the base machine called host machine.

• The software that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or
Virtual Machine Manager.
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