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Digital Comm Sheet2

The document outlines the Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion process as part of the Digital Communications module at Menoufia University. It covers key concepts such as sampling, quantizing, and coding, along with practical questions related to sampling frequency and aliasing. Various scenarios and calculations are presented to illustrate the principles of digital communication.

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عبدالوهاب فوزى
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11 views5 pages

Digital Comm Sheet2

The document outlines the Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion process as part of the Digital Communications module at Menoufia University. It covers key concepts such as sampling, quantizing, and coding, along with practical questions related to sampling frequency and aliasing. Various scenarios and calculations are presented to illustrate the principles of digital communication.

Uploaded by

عبدالوهاب فوزى
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Menoufia University – Faculty of Electronic Engineering

ECE 281: Digital Communications Module – Spring 2024

Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion

1) Sampling

Figure 1 Sampled Signal and its Fourier spectrum.

Aliasing

Figure 2 Sampling Scenarios.

1|Pa g e Sheet2
Menoufia University – Faculty of Electronic Engineering
ECE 281: Digital Communications Module – Spring 2024

2) Quantizing
• For a message signal with amplitude (−𝑚𝑝 , 𝑚𝑝 ), the amplitude range is
2𝑚𝑝
divided into 𝐿 uniformly spaced intervals, each of width → ∆𝑣 =
𝐿
∆
• Maximum quantization error → 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2

3) Coding

𝐿 = 2𝑛
𝑛
• The reduction in the rate of information to be transmitted becomes
𝑛+𝑏
for 𝑏 increase in the no. of bits.

2|Pa g e Sheet2
Menoufia University Semester: Spring 2024
Faculty of Electronic Engineering Subject: Digital Commun. (ECE 281)
Dept. of Electronics & Commun. Eng. Dr. Waleed Al-Hanafy

Sheet [2]

1. A band limited signal with a maximum frequency of 7 kHz is to be sampled. According to


the sampling theorem the sampling frequency in kHz which is not valid is

(a) 12 kHz
(b) 15 kHz fm = 7kHz
fs > 2.fm
(c) 18 kHz fs > 14 kHz
(d) 21 kHz

2. Which of the following is TRUE when the sampling time becomes less than the Nyquist
interval?

(a) Original signal can be recreated


(b) Bandwidth decreases Samplin time < Nyquist interval
Ts < Tn
(c) Bandwidth increases
fs > fn
(d) Channel capacity decreases

3. What is the value of minimum sampling frequency of a signal passed through an LPF with
cut-off frequency 20 kHz?

(a) 20 kHz
fm = 20 kHz
(b) 30 kHz fs = 2.fm = 40 kHz
(c) 40 kHz
(d) 50 kHz

4. How many minimum number of samples are required to exactly describe the following signal?
x(t) = 10 cos(6πt) + 4 sin(8πt)

(a) 4 samples per second


ω1 t = 2 π f1 t = 6 π t f1 = 3 --> fs = 6 samples per second
(b) 6 samples per second
(c) 8 samples per second
ω2 t = 2 π f2 t = 8 π t f2 = 4 --> fs = 8 samples per second
(d) 2 samples per second

5. A system has a sampling rate of 50,000 samples per second. The maximum frequency of the
signal it can acquire to reconstruct is

(a) 25 kHz
(b) 50 kHz fs = 50,000
fm = fs/2 = 25 kHz
(c) 100 kHz
(d) 10 kHz

6. When aliasing takes place

(a) Sampling signals less than Nyquist rate fs < fn


(b) Sampling signals more than Nyquist rate fs > fn
(c) Sampling signals equal to Nyquist rate fs = fn
(d) Sampling signals at a rate which is twice of Nyquist rate fs = 2.fn
7. In sampling theorem the Nyquist interval is given by
1
(a) Ts = fm
1
(b) Ts = 2fm Ts = 1/fs
(c) Ts = 1 = 1/(2.fm)
πfm
π
(d) Ts = fm

8. To satisfy the sampling theorem, a 100 Hz sine wave should be sampled at

(a) 10 Hz
(b) 100 Hz
fs = 2.fm = 2 x 100 = 200 Hz
(c) 200 Hz
(d) 50 Hz

9. A signal of maximum frequency of 10 kHz is sampled at Nyquist rate. The time interval
between two successive samples is

(a) 50 µs
(b) 100 µs Fm = 10 kHz
(c) 500 µs
Fs = 20 kHz
Ts = 1/Fs = 50 micro sec
(d) 1000 µs
10. A band limited signal is sampled at Nyguist rate, The signal can be recovered by passing the
samples through

(a) RC filter
(b) envelope detector
(c) PLL
(d) ideal low pass filter with appropriate band width

11. How many minimum number of samples are required to exactly describe the following signal?
x(t) = 10 cos(6πt) + 4 sin(8πt)

(a) 4 samples per second


(b) 6 samples per second
(c) 8 samples per second
(d) 2 samples per second

12. The phenomenon of some of the higher frequencies in the spectrum of the signal g(t) appearing
as lower frequencies in the spectrum of its sampled version is called

(a) distortion
(b) dithering
(c) aliasing
(d) quantization noise

13. Consider a real-value based-band signal x(t), band limited to 10 kHz. The Nyquist rate for
the signal y(t) = x(t)x(1 + t/2) is

(a) 60 kHz
(b) 30 kHz for x(t) ---> f1 =10 kHz
(c) 15 kHz for x(1+t/2) ---> f2 = 5 kHz
for y(t) = x(t).x(1+t/2) ---> f_max = 15 kHz & f_min = 5 kHz
(d) 20 kHz

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