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Kenroy

The document provides an overview of the main components of an automotive engine, specifically focusing on the cylinder head and engine block. It details various parts found within these components, such as cylinder bores, valves, and spark plugs, and explains the four-stroke internal combustion process. Additionally, it discusses the differences in engine configurations based on vehicle types and the materials used in engine construction.

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29 views10 pages

Kenroy

The document provides an overview of the main components of an automotive engine, specifically focusing on the cylinder head and engine block. It details various parts found within these components, such as cylinder bores, valves, and spark plugs, and explains the four-stroke internal combustion process. Additionally, it discusses the differences in engine configurations based on vehicle types and the materials used in engine construction.

Uploaded by

waltersivorine70
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kenroy Silvera

August 17, 201

Portfolio
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1
The two main parts of an engine are the Cylinder head and the Engine block.
The Cylinder Head
Cylinder heads refers to a detachable plate, which is used for covering the closed end of a cylinder assembled in an
automotive engine. It comprises of combustion chamber valve train and spark plugs. Different types of automobiles
have different engine configurations such as Straight engine has only one cylinder head while a engine has two
cylinder heads.

The Engine Block


An engine block is a metal casting that serves as a basic structure on which other engine parts are installed. A
typical block contains bores for pistons, pumps or other devices to be attached to it. Even engines are sometimes
classified as small-block or big-block based on the distance between cylinder bores of engine blocks. Engine blocks
are made from different materials including Aluminum alloys, gray cast iron, ferrous alloys, white iron, gray iron,
ductile iron, malleable iron, etc.
Ten (10) components found in the two main parts of the engine are:

Components found in the Engine block

Cylinder bores
Coolant Passage
Threaded Stud hole
Mounting for water pump
Camshaft bearing

Components found in the Cylinder head

Valve clearance adjuster


Rocker shaft
Valve retainer
Springs close valve
Housing for thermostat
Top Dead Center (TDC)

(TDC) Highest point of piston and connecting-rod travel in a cylinder, the ends of the compression and exhaust
strokes in a four-cycle engine

Bottom Dead Center (BDC)

The bottom dead center (BDC) is the position of the piston within a cylinder of a reciprocating engine
when it has reached its position farthest from the cylinder head.
2
Cylinder bores
Coolant Passage
Threaded Stud hole
Mounting for water pump
Camshaft bearing

Valve clearance adjuster


Rocker shaft
Valve retainer
Springs close valve
Housing for thermostat
Engines can come in several different varieties, with various parts depending on the type of vehicle it
is. For example, a truck engine would be different as compared to the engine of a regular car due to
the amount of power required. Today, many vehicles make use of the internal combustion engine,
however with slight variations according to vehicle types, having some added features or components.
Developed in the 19th century, this type of engine still remains a popular choice and it continues to
benefit from the technological advances in engineering. Today’s advanced engines may even feature
computerized controls and advanced systems to make them more efficient, durable and powerful. With
advances come several components which all work together to allow the engine to perform the
required tasks. In order to be able to understand how an engine works, it is important to understand
what the different engine parts are.

Many of the automotive engines used in the industry today are four-stroke internal combustion engine
that use either gasoline or diesel as a fuel. These engines get their name ‘four-stroke’ from the four
distinct phases that occur in the engine during operation. Being the first phase, fuel and air are taken
into the combustion chamber, earning this phase the name; intake phase. A piston is then used to
compress the fuel in the next phase. Thereafter a spark is used to ignite the fuel to cause a controlled
explosion. This explosion provides the engine with the energy required to drive the car forward. The
ignition of the fuel varies in diesel powered engines and gasoline powered engines. Gasoline powered
engines make use of a spark to ignite the fuel. The spark is generated through electrical components.
On the other hand, the fuel in a diesel engine is ignited through compression and does not require an
extra electrical component. After the ignition phase, the final part in the four-stroke phase is the
exhaust phase. During which, the unused fuel and carbon emissions are let out of the combustion
chamber to allow new fuel and gas to enter the space, allowing the process to start over again.

The core component of an engine is the cylinder that houses the pistons. In a regular car engine, it can
have anywhere from four to eight cylinders. The arrangement of the cylinder can pose different
advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the size and type of vehicle, manufacturers opt for
differing number of cylinders to match the requirements of the vehicle. The movements of the pistons
in the cylinders provide the engine with power for the vehicle to function.

Components of an Engine
Spark Plug
As mentioned earlier, gasoline engines make use of a spark to ignite the fuel and cause a controlled explosion in the
engine. The spark plug in these engines supplies the spark that is required to ignite the air and fuel mixture.

Valves
These engine parts allow for fuel and air to enter the combustion chamber and later let the exhaust out. They remain
sealed during the combustion process and only open when required.

Pistons & Piston Rings


This is a cylindrical piece of metal that is located inside the cylinder of the engine. Piston rings are located between
the piston and the cylinder in which the piston is located in. They provide a sealing edge between the exterior of the
piston and the interior of the cylinder. The purpose of these engine parts is to seal the space and prevent the fuel and
air mixture on one side of the piston from leaking into the sump during the combustion or compression process and
also prevent the oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area as it would get burnt and lost, deterring the
movement of the piston.

Connecting rod and Crankshaft


The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. As the piston moves up and down due to the controlled
explosions, it causes the connecting rod to move. This then cause the crankshaft to move as well as it is connected to
the connecting rod, in a circular motion due to the configuration of the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft.
Sump
Surrounding the crankshaft, the sump contains some amount of oil.

2.

a. Large diameter holes in the block-castings form the cylinder bores required to guide the
pistons.

b. The Coolant Passages


The coolant passages are cast in the cylinder block. These surround the cylinder walls
circumferentially and lengthwise covering approximately the full depth of the cylinders.
The
coolant passages terminate near the bottom of the cylinders, where the cylinder walls
merge
with the crankcase. At the top of the cylinder, the coolant passages end either at the
level of the
block’s joint face, called as an open deck (Fig. 3.7), or just below the block’s machine
face, known
as a closed deck (Fig. 3.8). In the closed deck cylinder block, the vertical drillings, which
communicate with corresponding holes in the cylinder head, provide coolant circulation.
A closed
deck has better joint reliability than an open deck. On the other hand, it is easier to cast
an
open-deck cylinder block.
c. Threaded bolt holes are provided around the cylinders to form an even holding pattern. These
bolt holes go into reinforced areas within the block that carry the load to the main bearing
bulkheads.

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