SHIRE POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE

BUILDING ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION LEVEL III

Unit of Competence : industrial motor control

Module Title : industrial motor control

LG Code : CON BEI3 M01 0101

TTLM Code : CON BEI3 TTLM 0213V1

Information Sheet-1 Electric Motor Control Circuit Symbols

The following are the circuit symbols commonly used in motor control related schematic
diagrams
Coil Earth ground

Crossed Wires
Limit Switch
(Connected)

Crossed Wires Three Phase

(Not Connected) Motor

Push Button
Transformer Switch
(Normally Open)
Push Button
Fuse Switch
(Normally Closed)

Double Pole
Terminal Block Pushbutton
Switch

Mushroom
Pushbutton Overload Relay
Switch

Voltage Contactor
Transformer (Normally Open)
Contactor Three Phase
(Normally Closed) Winding (Star)

Information Sheet-1 Electric Motor Control System

Magnetic Starter Control Circuits.

1. A Magnetic Starter connected across the line controls the electric motor
with START – STOP control circuit.

A control circuit is designed to prevent the unexpected starting ofmotors, which could
result in injury to machine operators or damage to the driven machinery. Figure 3–1 is
the schematic diagram of typical magnetic starter control circuit. The starter is energized
by pressing the Start button. An auxiliary holding circuit (HC) contact on the starter
forms a parallel circuit around the Start button contacts, holding the starter in after the
button is released. If a power failure occurs, the starter will drop out and will open the
holding circuit contact. When power is restored, the Start button must be operated
again before the motor will restart.

a. Control Circuit

L1 START L2
STOP COIL
1 2 3 4 96 95
A1 A2
OL
 13 14
HC

Figure 3-1. Schematic Diagram of Typical Magnetic Starter Control Circuit

b. Power Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1

Figure 3-2. Power Circuit Diagram

c. Complete Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1

STOP
M M M
OL HC
COIL
START
 Figure 3-3. Complete Circuit Diagram

Figure 3–3 shows the electrical relationship of the Control Circuitcontactor, power
circuit, and overload relay. The contactor and the overload relay have additional
contacts, referred to as auxiliary contacts, for use in the control circuit. In this circuit a
normally closed “OL” contact has been placed in series with the “M” contactor coil and
L2. A normally open “HC” has been placed in parallel with the “Start” pushbutton.

2. A Magnetic Starter connected across the line controls the electric motor in
two locations.

a. Control Circuit

L1 START L2
COIL
STOP STOP
2 1 2 3 4 96 95
1
A1 A2
START OL

3 4
Figure 3-4. Two location
Control circuit schematic
diagram
13 14

HC

b. Power Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1

Figure 3-5. Two location

Power circuit schematic
diagram
 c. Complete Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1
STOP STOP
L1

START START HC
OL
COIL

Figure 3-6. Schematic Diagram of a magnetic starter connected across the line
controlling electric motor in Two Location.

The circuit in Figure 4, 5 and 6 is similar to start – stop motor control. The HC is
connected in parallel with the two START push button switch. The two start push button
switch connected in parallel so that the electric motor can be controlled either of the two
start push button switch. The two STOP push button witch is connected in series so that
either of this two open the electric motor will stop. This connection the electric motor can
be controlled in two location depending upon how the start stop push button switch
being installed.
 3. A Magnetic Starter connected across the line controls the electric motor in
FORWARD – REVERSE connection.

a. Control Circuit

96

1 2 3 4 62
95
61 A1 A2

13 14

3 4
61 62 A1 A2

13 14

Figure 3-7. Schematic diagram of Forward – Reverse control circuit

When the “Forward” pushbutton is actuated, M1 will energize, closing the normally-open
auxiliary contact in parallel with that switch. When the push button is released, the
closed M1 auxiliary contact will maintain current to the coil of M 1, thus latching the
“Forward” circuit in the “ON” state. The same sort of thing will happen when the
“Reverse” pushbutton is pressed. These parallel auxiliary contacts are sometimes
referred to as seal-in contacts, the word “seal” meaning essentially the same thing as
the word latch.

However, this creates a new problem: how to stop the motor.As the circuit exists right
now, the motor will run either forward or reverse once the corresponding pushbutton
switch is pressed, and will continue to run as long as there is power. To stop either
circuit (forward or reverse), we require some means for the operator to interrupt power
to the motor contactors. We’ll call this new switch, STOP:

Now, if either forward or reverse circuits are latched, they may be “unlatched” by
momentarily pressing the “Stop” pushbutton, which will open either forward or reverse
circuit, de-energizing the energized contactor, and returning the seal-in contact to its
normal (open) state. The “Stop” switch, having normally-closed contacts, will conduct
power to either forward or reverse circuits when released.

b. Power Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1

FORWARD REVERSE

Figure 3-10. Power Circuit

Diagram
4. Magnetic Starter connected across the line controls the electric motor in
WYE – DELTA connection.

a. Control Circuit
 Figure 3-11. WYE-DELTA Control Circuit

a. Power Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1

WYE DELTA
L1 L1
3 5 3 5 1 3 5
1 1

2 4 6 2 4 6 2 4 6

OL

T1 T5

T4
T2

T3 T6

Figure 3-12. WYE-DELTA Power Circuit

Controlling the interchanging wye/star connection and delta connection of an AC

induction motor is achieved by means of a star delta or wye delta control circuit. The
control circuit consists of push button switches, auxiliary contacts and a timer to act on
the conditional contact point logic and time duration which upon reaching a specified
time period would provide the switching sequence of the magnetic contactors
configured specifically for a star connection and a delta connection of the motor
terminals.
The electrical diagram on Figure3-11 shows a typical star delta or wye delta control
circuit used in every electrical industry involving industrial process automation control
technology. The START push button starts the circuit by initially energizing both the
main contactor coil together with the star contactor coil to provide the star (wye) terminal
connection of the motor configured in the power circuit.After pushing the START push
button switch, the auxiliary contact of the main contactor coil which is connected in
parallel across the START push button will close, thereby providing a latch to hold the
main contactor coil activated which eventually maintains the control circuit active even
after releasing the START push button switch. Another auxiliary contact of the main
contactor placed on top of the star contactor coil and the timer coil initializes the control
circuit which activates the star connection of the motor through the star contactor coil,
and while also awaiting to reach the specified time delay along with the activation of the
timer coil during this initial sequence. Once the time delay is reached, the timer's
auxiliary contacts will change state opposite its normal condition which would become
an open contact (instead of close) to release the star contactor coil while at the same
time providing a close contact (instead of open) to activate the delta contactor coil for
the second sequence to reconfigure the motor terminal connection from star to delta
connection, to place the motor in the run state from start state.

A normally close auxiliary contact from both star and delta contactors are also placed
opposite of both star and delta contactor coils, these interlock contacts serves as safety
switches to prevent simultaneous activation of both star and delta contactor coils, so
that one cannot be activated without the other deactivated first. Thus, the delta
contactor coil cannot be active when the star contactor coil is active, and similarly, the
star contactor coil cannot also be active while the delta contactor coil is active.

The control circuit above also provides two interrupting contacts to shutdown the motor.
The STOP push button switch is a manual operator access switch intended for shutting
OFF the circuit to stop the motor when necessary. The thermal overload contact is a
protective device which automatically opens the circuit in case when motor overload
current is detected by the thermal overload relay, this is to prevent burning of the motor
in case of excessive load beyond the rated capacity of the motor is detected by the
thermal overload relay.

I. Diagram
a. Control Circuit
b. Lamp Indicator

98 97

53 54

c. Power Circuit

L1 L2 L3
L1 L1