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Problem Sheet 2

The document is a problem sheet for Math 104 containing various exercises related to vector spaces, subspaces, and linear transformations. It includes tasks such as finding bases for given subspaces, proving properties of vector spaces, and providing examples of non-linear functions. The exercises cover a range of topics including dimensions of subspaces, linear maps, and polynomial spaces.

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3 views1 page

Problem Sheet 2

The document is a problem sheet for Math 104 containing various exercises related to vector spaces, subspaces, and linear transformations. It includes tasks such as finding bases for given subspaces, proving properties of vector spaces, and providing examples of non-linear functions. The exercises cover a range of topics including dimensions of subspaces, linear maps, and polynomial spaces.

Uploaded by

jigeli3360
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Sheet 1, Math 104

Exercises
1. Suppose V = R4 and U is a subspace spanned by the vectors
         
1 1 1 1 2
 2  2  4   1  5
 , , , , 
 2  1  2   2  0
−1 1 −4 −1 2
Find the basis of U .
2. Prove that if {u1 , u2 , . . . , um } and {w1 , w2 , . . . , wn } are both bases of a vector space V over a field F, then m = n.
3. (a) Let U be the subspace of R5 defined by

U = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 ) ∈ R5 : x1 = 3x2 and x3 = 7x4 }.

Find a basis of U .
(b) Extend the basis in part (a) to a basis of R5 .
(c) Find a subspace W of R5 such that R5 = U ⊕ W .
4. (a) Let U = {p ∈ P4 (F) : p(6) = 0}. Find a basis of U .
Here, P4 (F) denotes the set of all polynomials with coefficients in F and degree at most 4.
(b) Extend the basis in part (a) to a basis of P4 (F).
(c) Find a subspace W of P4 (F) such that P4 (F) = U ⊕ V .
5. Recall: If W1 and W2 are finite-dimensional subspace of a vector space V , then W1 + W2 is also finite-dimensional and

dim(W1 + W2 ) = dim(W1 ) + dim(W2 ) − dim(W1 ∩ W2 ).

You might guess, by analogy with the formula for the number of elements in the union of three subsets of a finite set, that
if U1 , U2 , U3 are subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space, then

dim(U1 + U2 + U3 ) = dim U1 + dim U2 + dim U3


− dim(U1 ∩ U2 ) − dim(U1 ∩ U3 ) − dim(U2 ∩ U3 )
+ dim(U1 ∩ U2 ∩ U3 ).

Prove this or give a counterexample.


6. Suppose that U and W are subspaces of R8 such that dim U = 3, dim W = 5, and R8 = U + W . Prove that R8 = U ⊕ W .
7. (a) Give an example of a function ϕ : R2 → R such that

ϕ(av) = aϕ(v)

for all a ∈ R and all v ∈ R2 but ϕ is not linear.


(b) Give an example of a function ϕ : C → C such that ϕ(w + z) = ϕ(w) + ϕ(z) for all w, z ∈ C but ϕ is not linear.
(c) Suppose b, c ∈ R. Define T : R3 −→ R2 by T (x, y, z) = (2x − 4y + 3z + b, 6x + cxyz). Show that T is linear if and
only if b = c = 0.
8. Suppose U is a subspace of V with U ̸= V . Suppose S ∈ L(U, W ) and S =
̸ {0} (which means that Su ̸= 0 for some u ∈ U ).
Define T : V −→ W by
(
Sv if v ∈ U,
Tv =
0 if v ∈ V and v ∈ / U.

Prove that T is not a linear map on V.


9. Let V be the vector space of all n × n matrices over the field F, and let B be a fixed n × n matrix. If

T (A) = AB − BA

verify that T is a linear transformation from V into V .

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