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Deep Learning Viva Questions Simple Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of deep learning concepts, including definitions, architectures, and key components such as neurons, activation functions, and types of neural networks. It also covers practical aspects like training techniques, performance evaluation, and common frameworks used in the field. Additionally, it addresses challenges like overfitting and the importance of normalization and regularization.

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4 views3 pages

Deep Learning Viva Questions Simple Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of deep learning concepts, including definitions, architectures, and key components such as neurons, activation functions, and types of neural networks. It also covers practical aspects like training techniques, performance evaluation, and common frameworks used in the field. Additionally, it addresses challenges like overfitting and the importance of normalization and regularization.

Uploaded by

peddyreddyhema8519
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Deep Learning Viva Questions and Simple Answers

1. What is Deep Learning? How is it different from Machine Learning?


Answer: Deep Learning is a type of Machine Learning using neural networks with many layers. It
learns features automatically.

2. What are neurons and perceptrons?


Answer: Neurons process inputs in a neural network. A perceptron is a simple single-layer neural
network.

3. Explain the architecture of a neural network.


Answer: It has input, hidden, and output layers. Each layer contains neurons connected with
weights.

4. What are activation functions? Name a few commonly used ones.


Answer: They decide if a neuron activates. Examples: ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh, Softmax.

5. What is the role of weights and biases in a neural network?


Answer: Weights show connection strength. Bias helps shift the output of the activation function.

6. What is forward and backward propagation?


Answer: Forward gives output from input. Backward updates weights to reduce error.

7. What is the cost/loss function? Give examples.


Answer: It measures error. Examples: MSE, Cross-Entropy.

8. What is the difference between Batch Gradient Descent and Stochastic Gradient Descent
(SGD)?
Answer: Batch uses all data; SGD uses one sample; Mini-batch uses a few samples.

9. Why is normalization important in deep learning?


Answer: It makes training faster and stable by scaling inputs.

10. What is overfitting and how can it be prevented?


Answer: Model works well on training data but not new data. Prevent using dropout, early stopping.

11. What are the types of neural networks?


Answer: Feedforward, CNN, RNN, Autoencoders, GANs.

12. What is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)? Explain its layers.


Answer: CNNs are for image data. Layers: Convolution, Pooling, Fully Connected.

13. What are filters/kernels in CNNs?


Answer: Filters detect features like edges by sliding over images.
14. What is pooling? Explain Max Pooling and Average Pooling.
Answer: Pooling reduces size. Max: largest value; Average: average value.

15. What is a ReLU function and why is it preferred?


Answer: ReLU = max(0,x). It is fast and avoids vanishing gradients.

16. What is dropout and how does it help in training?


Answer: Randomly turns off neurons to prevent overfitting.

17. What are vanishing and exploding gradients?


Answer: Vanishing: too small; Exploding: too large. Both hurt learning.

18. What is an epoch, batch size, and iteration?


Answer: Epoch: full pass; Batch size: samples per update; Iteration: one update.

19. What is the role of the learning rate?


Answer: It controls how fast weights are updated.

20. Explain the concept of transfer learning.


Answer: Using a trained model for a new task to save time.

21. What are RNNs and how are they different from CNNs?
Answer: RNNs work on sequences, CNNs on images.

22. Explain the problem of vanishing gradient in RNNs and how LSTM solves it.
Answer: RNNs forget long-term info. LSTM remembers using gates.

23. What are LSTM and GRU? How are they different?
Answer: Both remember sequences. GRU is simpler than LSTM.

24. What is attention mechanism in deep learning?


Answer: It helps focus on important input parts.

25. Explain the Transformer architecture briefly.


Answer: It uses attention, not recurrence, for sequence data.

26. What are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)?


Answer: Two networks: Generator makes fake data; Discriminator checks it.

27. What is the role of the discriminator and generator in GANs?


Answer: Generator creates fake data, Discriminator checks if it's real.

28. What are autoencoders? What are their applications?


Answer: They compress and rebuild data. Used in noise removal, detection.

29. How do you choose the number of layers and neurons in a deep network?
Answer: Trial and error based on problem and tuning.
30. How do you evaluate the performance of a deep learning model?
Answer: Use accuracy, precision, recall for classification; MSE for regression.

31. Which deep learning frameworks have you used?


Answer: Common ones: TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch.

32. How do you handle imbalanced data in deep learning?


Answer: Use class weights, oversampling, or SMOTE.

33. What are pretrained models? Name a few.


Answer: Trained on large data. Examples: VGG, ResNet, BERT.

34. What are some common metrics used for classification and regression in DL?
Answer: Classification: Accuracy, F1. Regression: MSE, MAE.

35. What is the difference between softmax and sigmoid functions?


Answer: Softmax: multi-class; Sigmoid: binary classification.

36. What is backpropagation through time (BPTT)?


Answer: It trains RNNs by unrolling them through time.

37. What is the role of regularization (L1, L2) in deep learning?


Answer: They reduce overfitting by adding penalty terms.

38. How do you tune hyperparameters in a DL model?


Answer: Use grid search, random search, or tuning libraries.

39. How is a CNN used in image classification tasks?


Answer: CNN extracts features and classifies them.

40. What are the limitations of deep learning?


Answer: Needs lots of data, compute; hard to explain results.

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