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GIT and GitHub-1

Git is a distributed version control system that tracks changes in files and allows collaboration on projects, while GitHub is a cloud platform for hosting Git repositories. Users can install Git, configure it, and utilize basic commands for managing repositories, branching, and collaborating through features like pull requests. Best practices include committing often, using meaningful messages, and syncing work to avoid conflicts.

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10 views14 pages

GIT and GitHub-1

Git is a distributed version control system that tracks changes in files and allows collaboration on projects, while GitHub is a cloud platform for hosting Git repositories. Users can install Git, configure it, and utilize basic commands for managing repositories, branching, and collaborating through features like pull requests. Best practices include committing often, using meaningful messages, and syncing work to avoid conflicts.

Uploaded by

gatumudaniel18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Git and GitHub Basics

Definition:
• Git is a distributed version control system.
• Tracks changes in files and folders over time.
• Allows you to revert back to previous versions.
Why Git?
• Saves a history of your work.
• Enables multiple people to work on the same project without
conflicts.
• Helps avoid the “final_final_final.docx” problem!
What is GitHub?
Definition:
• GitHub is a platform for hosting Git repositories in the cloud.
• Makes it easy to share your code and collaborate with others.
Key Features:
• Centralized code storage.
• Collaboration tools like pull requests and issues.
• Project management integrations.
Why Use Git and GitHub?
• For Individuals:
• Backup your work.
• Undo mistakes.
• Experiment safely with new ideas.
• For Teams:
• Collaborate on the same project efficiently.
• Track who made changes and why.
• Avoid overwriting each other’s work.
Installing Git
• Step 1: Download Git
Go to git-scm.com and download the version for your OS.
• Step 2: Install Git
Follow the setup wizard (default options are fine for beginners).
• Step 3: Verify Installation
Open a terminal or command prompt and run:
git --version
Configuring Git
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email [email protected]

git config --list


Key Concepts
• Repository: A project folder tracked by Git.
• Commit: A snapshot of your changes.
• Branch: A separate line of development.
• Remote: A version of your repository hosted on a server like
GitHub.
Basic Git Commands
Initialize a repository:
git init
Check the status of your files: git status
Stage your changes:
git add <filename> # Stage a specific file
git add . # Stage all changes
Commit your changes:
git commit -m "Write a clear message about what you changed"
Commiting more changes: (push and pull)
git status

git push origin <branch-name>


git push origin main

git status
git pull origin <branch-name>

When to Use git pull


• Before making new changes locally to ensure you're working with the latest version.
• When collaborating with others and new changes are pushed to the remote branch.
Working with GitHub
• Step 1: Create a GitHub Account
Sign up at github.com.
• Step 2: Create a Repository
• Click New Repository.
• Name your repository (e.g., my-first-repo).
• Choose visibility (Public/Private).
• Step 3: Link your local repository to GitHub:
Cloning a Repository
• To copy a remote repository to your computer:

git clone <repository-URL>

git clone https://github.com/your-username/my-first-repo.git


Branching in Git
• Why use branches?
• Keep your main code stable.
• Experiment with new features.
• Commands:
• Create a branch:
• git branch new-feature
• Switch to the branch:
▪ git checkout new-feature
• Merge the branch into main:
• git checkout main
▪ git merge new-feature
Collaborating on GitHub
• Forking:
Make your own copy of someone else’s repository.
• Pull Requests:
Propose your changes to the original project.
• Issues:
Use issues to track bugs or suggest new features.
Common Mistakes
• Forgetting to commit regularly.
• Writing vague commit messages ( "fixed stuff").
• Overwriting changes during a merge.
Best Practices
• Commit often with meaningful messages.
• Use branches for experiments.
• Sync your work with git pull before making changes.
• Review your changes before pushing.

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