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Database and Data Representation Sheet - 024624

The document explains the fundamentals of databases, including definitions of key components such as tables, records, and fields, as well as the importance of data types and primary keys. It highlights the advantages of using databases, such as faster data searching and reduced errors, and discusses data representation in binary, ASCII, and Unicode formats. Additionally, it covers the significance of validation rules and provides examples of database applications.

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Mona Hakim
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4 views7 pages

Database and Data Representation Sheet - 024624

The document explains the fundamentals of databases, including definitions of key components such as tables, records, and fields, as well as the importance of data types and primary keys. It highlights the advantages of using databases, such as faster data searching and reduced errors, and discusses data representation in binary, ASCII, and Unicode formats. Additionally, it covers the significance of validation rules and provides examples of database applications.

Uploaded by

Mona Hakim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database

The software is commonly used to manage databases (MS Access)

What is a database

A database is a collection of organized data that can be stored, managed, and


accessed easily. Databases can be created manually or computerized.

Databases store data in tables.

• Tables are made up of fields and records.

What is a table in a database?

Table is a group of similar data, in a database.

OR A collection of related records organized in rows and columns

What is a record in a database?


A record is a row in a database table that contains related information.

What is a field in a database?


A field is a column in a database table that stores a specific type of data.

Field data type

• Each field in a database needs to have an appropriate data type.


• Data type specifies the type of data the field can hold.
• All the data in a field should have the same data type.

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Primary Key

The primary key is a field that contains data that is unique for each record.

It helps to avoid duplicate records and allows for easy retrieval of specific data

Validation Rule

Data is validated (restricted) or checked to see if it meets certain rules (


acceptable form) when entered in a database. We can create validation checks for
the data that is entered in a field.

Is Not Null for not leaving the field empty.

>=1 AND <= 100 to determine specific range of numbers


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Len (phoneNumber) = 14
What are the advantages of using a database

• Databases allow faster searching of data.


• They help reduce errors and avoid duplication.
• Databases can be secured with passwords.
• Multiple users can access and update data at the same time.

Examples of database

• Phone contact list


• Bank account records system
• Library catalogs system.
• Traveling book system

Form In MS Access

It is object that allow users to interact with data in a table provide user
friendly interface. To enter data – display data – edit data

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Data representation
it refers to the way data is stored, processed and communicated in a
computer system

Types of data representation


Binary: data represented as 0 and 1
Text: data represented as characters, words, and sentences (ASCII.
Unicode.)
Image: data represented as pixels, graphics, and image.
Audio" data represented as sound waves and audio signals.

Importance of data representation

• Efficient storage.
• Accurate processing
• Effective communication

Binary numbers

• Computers can only understand binary system.


• Computers use electric signals: high or low voltage
• High = 1, Low = 0

Computers use electrical signals that are on (1) or


off (0), so they have to see everything as a series
of binary numbers. This data is represented as a
sequence of 1s and 0s (on and off).

• All types of data must be converted to


binary:

• Denary numbers • Letters and symbols • Sounds • Images

• Binary numbers only use two digits.


• Binary = Base-2 system used by computers
• Only two digits: 0 and 1
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• Each binary digit is called as a Bit. 8 bits make one Byte. Byte can have 256
possible values
• Each column is multiplied by 2 from right to left (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256…)
• In a place a table value increases by two times from right to left.

• In the binary system, each digit represents a power of 2.

Denary numbers

• Denary (also called Decimal or Base-10)


• Used by humans in daily life
• Consists of 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• Each digit has a place value (e.g. , Ones, Tens, Hundreds)

Convert Binary to Denary numbers

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Other numbering system

ASCII and explain its importance in computing.

• Characters and Character Sets


• Text is made of characters (letters, numbers, symbols).
• Computers use character sets to represent these characters in binary.
• A character set is a standard collection of binary codes assigned to
characters.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

• uses 7 bits.
• It can represent 128 characters (including English letters, digits 0–9, and
common symbols).
• Suitable only for English text

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Extended ASCII

• Uses 8 bits
• Allowing for 256 characters.
• Supports additional characters used in European languages (like French,
German, Spanish).

Decode and encode simple words using ASCII


code

Recognize the limitations of ASCII characters and need of Unicode

• Unicode is widely used on websites and systems for text encoding.


• Uses 8 to 32 bits per character. (4 bytes )
• Can represent over a million characters, including characters from many
languages and even emojis.
• Unicode takes more storage but allows broader language support.

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