1.

Derive natural frequency equation for a connecting rod (Compound pendulum)

2. Differentiate between static and dynamic balancing.
3. Derive an expression for amplitude of whirling shaft without effect of damping.
4. Define isochronous characterstics of governor and state isochronous characterstics of
Porter and Hartnell governor with respective mathematical equations.
5. State the mathematical expressions for net gas force, inertia force, side thrust acting
on piston and piston effort for vertical engine.
6. Figure 1 shows spring mass system. Determine equivalent spring stiffness and natural
frequency of vibration of system

Figure 1
7. Recall the working principle of any two vibration measuring instruments.
8. Show the mathematical modelling of two wheeler with respect to vibration analysis.
9. Define (i) Critical damping coefficient (ii) Damping factor (iii) Logarithmic
Decrement (iv) Significance of logarithmic decrement (v) Viscous Damping
10. Derive the expressions for piston effort, side thrust and force acting along a
connecting rod in a slider crank mechanism.
11. A steel shaft simply supported on bearings of diameter 25 mm and 1.5 m long carries
a solid rotor of mass 5 kg at its center and 2 kg at 0.5 m from support. Calculate its
whirling speed if E = 21000 N/mm2.
12. State the gyroscopic effect on an aeroplane for the following conditions as shown in
Table 2.
Table 2
Sr.no. Propeller’s angular Turning direction of aero
direction of aero plane plane
viewed from front side
1 Clockwise Right
2 Counterclockwise Left

13. A vertical spring mass system has a mass of 0.5 kg and an initial deflection of 0.2 cm.
Calculate the spring stiffness and natural frequency of the system.
14. The following data relates to connecting rod of a reciprocating engine
Mass = 50 kg
Distance between bearing centers = 900 mm
 Diameter of big end bearing = 100 mm
Diameter of small end bearing = 80 mm
Time of oscillation when connecting rod is suspended from big end = 1.7 sec and
small end = 1.85 sec
Determine,
Radius of gyration ‘k’ of rod about an axis through centre of mass perpendicular to the
plane of oscillation.
Moment of inertia of rod about same axis.
15. State the gyroscopic effect on an aeroplane for following conditions shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Sr.no. Propeller’s angular Turning direction of aero
direction of aero plane plane
viewed from front side
1 Clockwise Left
2 Counterclockwise Right
16. A steel shaft simply supported on bearings of diameter 50 mm and 1.5 m long carries
a solid rotor of weight 1600 N at its center. Calculate its critical speed if E =
2.10x1011 N/m2.
17. In a Porter governor, each of the four arms is 400 mm long. The upper and lower
arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of 20 kg and the
load on the sleeve is 100 kg. Determine the equilibrium speeds for the two
extreme radii of 250 mm and 350 mm of the rotation of the governor balls?
18. Differentiate between viscous and coulomb damping.
19. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2000 kg and rotates at a speed of 3000 rpm.
clockwise when looking from a stern. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 0.5 m.
Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effects upon the ship when the ship is
steering to the right in a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 16.1 knots (1 knot = 1855
m/hr). Calculate also the torque and its effects when the ship is pitching in simple
harmonic motion, the bow falling with its maximum velocity. The period of pitching
is 50 seconds and the total angular displacement between the two extreme positions of
pitching is ±7°. Calculate the maximum acceleration during pitching motion.
20. The length of crank and connecting rod of a petrol engine running at 1800 rpm are 60
mm and 270 mm respectively. The diameter of piston is 100 mm and the mass of the
reciprocating part is 1.2 kg during suspension stroke when the crank has turned 20°
from TDC. The gas pressure is 650 kN/m2. Determine,
Net force on the piston
Net load on the gudgeon pin
Thrust on the cylinder walls
Speed at which the gudgeon pin load is reversed in direction
21. Determine primary unbalanced force and unbalanced couple for masses rotating in
different planes mounted on single shaft rotating with the speed of 200 rpm for 4-
cylinder inline engine, having masses and its angular positions as shown in Table 1.

22. Determine the natural frequency of oscillation of the liquid column in a U-tube
manometer as shown in the Figure 1 having length ‘l’ and displacement of liquid
column is ‘x’.

Figure 1

23. Determine the natural frequency for a system shown in Figure 1, having compound
pulley of mass moment of inertia ‘I’, stiffness constant ‘k’, radius of small pulley ‘r’,
mass of pulley ‘M’, and attached mass ‘m’.

Figure 1
24. An electric motor is supported on a spring and dashpot, the spring has a stiffness of
5000 N/m and dashpot offers a resistance of 300 N at 2.5 m/s. The unbalanced mass of
 1.5 kg rotates at 50 mm radius and total mass of electric motor is 50 kg. If the motor
runs at 340 rpm. Determine,
(i) Damping factor
(ii) Amplitude of steady state response
(iii) Phase angle
(iv) Resonance speed
(v) The amplitude of resonance
25. The turbine rotor of ship is of mass 3000 kg. It has a radius of gyration of 0.45 m and a
speed of 3000 rpm, clockwise when looking from stern. Determine the gyroscopic
couple and its effect upon the ship,
(i) When the ship is steering to the left on the curve of 100 m radius at speed of
16.1 knots (1 knot = 1855 m/hrs.)
(ii) When the ship is pitching in a simple harmonic motion the bow falling with its
maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 40 sec and the total angular
displacement between the two extreme positions of pitching is ±6 degrees.
26. A horizontal gas engine running at 210 rpm has a bore of 220 mm and a stroke of 550
mm. The connecting rod is 924 mm long and the reciprocating parts weigh 20 kg. When
the crank has turned through an angle of 30° from the IDC, the gas pressures on the
cover and the crank sides are 500 kN/m2 and 60kN/m2 respectively. The diameter of the
piston rod is 40mm. Determine,
(i) Turning moment on the crankshaft
(ii)Thrust on bearings
(iii)Acclerattion of the flywheel which has a mass of 8 kg and radius of gyration of 600
mm. While the power of the engine is 22 kW.
27. A single pendulum is pivoted at point ‘O’ as shown in Figure 2. If the mass of the rod
is negligible for small oscillation. Calculate the damped natural frequency of the
pendulum.

Figure 2
28. A semi-circular homogeneous disc of radius ‘r ’ and mass ‘m ’ is pivoted as shown in
Figure 2 and oscillating freely about its center. Determine its natural frequency of
oscillation.

Figure 2

29. A machine part having mass of 2.5 kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A harmonic
excitation force of 30 N acts on the machine part and causes resonant amplitude of 14
mm with period of 0.22 sec.
(i) Calculate the damping coefficient
(ii) Determine the increase in amplitude of the forced vibration upon the removal of
the damper, if frequency of excitation is changed to 4 Hz.
30. In a Porter governor, each of the four arms is 350 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted
on the axis of the sleeve whereas the lower arms are attached to the sleeve at 40 mm
from the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of 12 kg and the load on the sleeve is 80
kg. Calculate the equilibrium speeds for the two extreme radii of 150 mm and 200 mm
of the rotation of the governor balls.
31. A vibrating body is supported by 6 isolators each having stiffness 32,000 N/m and 6
dashpots having damping constant as 400 Ns/m. The vibrating body is to be isolated
from a rotating device having an amplitude of 0.06 mm at 600 rpm. Take m = 30 kg.
Determine amplitude of vibration of the body and dynamic load on each isolator due to
vibration.
32. The torsional pendulum with a disc of moment of inertia I = 0.08 kg m2 is immersed in
a viscous fluid as shown in the Figure 2. The shaft diameters 0.15 m, length is 0.6 m
and its shear modulus is 4.5e10 N/m2. During vibrations of the pendulum, the observed
amplitudes on the same side of the neutral axis for successive cycles are found to 90 o.
60o and 30o respectively. Determine,

(a) Logarithmic decrement

(b) Damping ratio
(c) Damping constant
 (d) Frequency when the disc is removed from the fluid.

Figure 2
33. A vibrating body having mass m = 50 kg is supported by 4 isolators each having
stiffness 12,000 N/m and damping constant of 400 Ns/m. The vibrating body is to be
isolated from a rotating device having an amplitude of 0.02 mm at 500 rpm. Determine
amplitude of vibration of the body and dynamic load on each isolator due to vibration.
Where, isolator is parallel combination of spring and damper.
34. The intermediate cranks of a four-cylinder symmetrical engine, which is in complete
primary balance, are at 90° to each other and each has a reciprocating mass of 400 kg.
The center distance between intermediate cranks is 600mm and between extreme
cranks, it is 1800 mm. Lengths of connecting rods and the cranks are 900 mm and 200
mm respectively. Calculate masses fixed to the extreme cranks with their relative
angular positions. Also find the magnitude of the secondary forces and couples about
the center line of the system if the engine speed is 500 rpm.
35. A uniform stiff rod is restrained to move vertically by both linear and torsional springs
as shown in the Figure 3. Calculate the natural frequency of the vertical oscillation of
the rod.

Figure 3
36. The four masses m1, m2, m3, and m4 having their radii of rotation as 200 mm, 150 mm,
250 mm, and 300 mm are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg, and 260 kg in magnitude,
respectively. The position of m1, m2, m3, and m4 from the reference plane is 100 mm,
200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm. The angles between the successive masses are 45o,
75o, and 135o respectively. Calculate the position and magnitude of the balance mass
required if its radius of rotation is 200 mm and also find secondary force and secondary
couple. (obliquity ratio ‘n’ = 4.5 and speed = 500 rpm)
37. A vibrating system has a mass of 50 kg, a spring stiffness of 30 kN/m, and a damping
coefficient of 0.02 Ns/m. Determine,
 (i) Logarithmic decrement
(ii) Ratio of consecutive amplitudes
(iii) Natural frequency of free vibration
(iv) Damped natural frequency.
38. A rotor of mass 12 kg mounted midway on 25 mm diameter horizontal shaft supported
at the ends by two bearings. The span between the bearings is 900 mm because of some
manufacturing defects the CG of rotor is 0.02 mm away from the geometric center of
rotor. If the system rotates at 3000 rpm. Determine the amplitude of steady state
vibrations and the dynamic force on the bearings. Take E = 21000 N/mm2. (considered
short bearing: simple supported beam)
39. The following data relates to horizontal shaft held in short bearings

Length of shaft = 1.2 m

Diameter of shaft = 14 mm
Mass of the rotor at mid-point = 16 kg
Eccentricity of center of mass of rotor from center of shaft axis = 0.4 mm
Young’s modulus = 2.10x1011 N/m2
Permissible stress in the shaft material = 7000 kN/m2
Determine the critical speed of the shaft and the range of speed over which it is unsafe
to run the shaft. Neglect the mass of the shaft. (considered short bearing: simple
supported beam)
40. The connecting rod of an engine has a length of 200 mm between centers. It has a mass
equal to 2.5 kg and its center of gravity is 80 mm from big end. The radius of gyration
about an axis through the center of gravity perpendicular to the plane of motion is 100
mm. Calculate,
The two mass dynamically equivalent system, when one mass is placed at small
end.

The correction couple, if two masses are placed at two ends at an angular
acceleration of 100 rad/s2 (clockwise)

41. A single cylinder vertical petrol engine of total mass 320 kg is mounted upon a steel
chassis frame and causes a vertical static deflection of 0.2 cm. The reciprocating parts
of the engine have a mass of 24 kg and move through a vertical stroke of 15 cm with
SHM. A dashpot is provided, the damping resistance of which is directly proportional
to the velocity and amounts to 490 N at 0.3 m/s. Determine the speed of the driving
shaft at which the resonance will occur and the amplitude of steady state forced
vibrations when the driving shaft of the engine rotates at 480 rpm.
42. The four masses m1, m2, m3, and m4 having their radii of rotation as 200 mm, 150
mm, 250 mm, and 300 mm are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg, and 260 kg in magnitude,
respectively. The position of m1, m2, m3, and m4 from the reference plane is 100 mm,
200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm. The angles between the successive masses are 45o,
 75o, and 135o respectively. Calculate the position and magnitude of the balance mass
required if its radius of rotation is 200 mm and also find secondary force and secondary
couple. (obliquity ratio ‘n’ = 4.5 and speed = 500 rpm)
43. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2200 kg and rotates at 1800 rpm clockwise
when viewed from the aft. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 320 mm. Determine
the gyroscopic couple and its effect when the
(i)Ship turns right at radius of 250 m at a speed of 25 km/hr.
(ii) When the ship is pitching in a simple harmonic motion the bow falling with its
maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 40 sec and the total angular displacement
between the two extreme positions of pitching is ±6 degrees from the mean position.
44. A vibrometer having a natural frequency of 4 rad/s and damping ratio 0.2 is attached to
a structure that performs a harmonic motion. If the difference between the minimum
and maximum recorded values is 8 mm. Calculate the amplitude of motion of the
vibrating structure when its frequency is 40 rad/s.
45. Determine the natural frequency for a system shown in Figure 3. A pulley of mass
moment of inertia ‘I’, stiffness constant ‘k’, radius of pulley ‘r’, mass of pulley ‘M’,
and attached mass ‘m’.

Figure 3
46. For the system shown in Figure 4, determine the expression for natural frequency of
free vibration. Where stiffness constant ‘k’, radius of pulley ‘r’, mass of pulley ‘M ’,
and attached mass ‘m’.

Figure 4