I.G.C.S.E.

Geometry 03

Index:

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Question 1 Question 2

Question 3 Question 4

Question 5 Question 6

Question 7 Question 8

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Question 1

1. Find the angles with letters, showing clearly all working out. (AB is
always a straight line).
a. b.

a
! !
140! 120!
25 60
A B
b

c. B d.
c

2c 3c d
A
3d
5d

e. f.
h
2e e
A B
f
i 65!

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Solution to question 1

a. b.

a
140! 120!
25! 60!
A B
b

Angles on a straight line add Angles at a point add up to 360!

up to 180!
25! + a + 60! = 180! 140! + 120! + b = 360!
a = 180! − 25! − 60! b = 360! − 140! − 120!
= 9 5! = 100!

c. B d.
c

2c 3c d
A
3d
5d

2c + 3c + c = 180! 3d + d + 5d = 360!
6c = 180! 9d = 360!
c = 30 ! d = 40 !

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e. f.
h
2e e
A B
f
i x 65!

Angles in a triangle add up to 180! . Add an angle x to the diagram

90! + 2e + e = 180! The triangles are isosceles so
3e = 90! ( )
x = 2 65! The opposite
e = 30 !
exterior angle is equal to
f + 2e = 180! the two opposite interior
( )
f + 2 30! = 180!
angles.

f + 60! = 180! Therefore

f = 120! 180! − 130!
i=
The opposite exterior angle is 2
equal to the two opposite interior = 25 !

angles.
h = 2e + 90!
( )
= 2 30! + 90!
= 150!
or
e + h = 180!
30! + h = 180!
h = 150!

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Question 2

Find angles marked for the following regular polygons.

a. b.

a b c d

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Solution to question 2

a. b.

a b c d

The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is 360!

The sum of the exterior and interior angle is 180!

360! 360!
b= d=
5 8
= 72! = 45!
a + b = 180! c + d = 180!
a + 72! = 180! c + 45! = 180!
a = 10 8! c = 135!

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Question 3

Calculate the number of sides of a regular polygon whose interior angles are
each 150! .

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Solution to question 3

The sum of the exterior and interior angle is 180!

i + e = 180!
150! + e = 180!
e = 30!

The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is 360!

360!
The number of sides is = 12 sides
30 !

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Question 4

In the following questions find the angles marked with letters, giving reasons
for your answers.

a. b.

64! 62!
100!
a
e
b d
f
c

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Solution to question 4

a. b.

64! 62!
100!
a
e
b d
f
c

e = 100! (alternate angles)

a + 64! = 180!
a = 180! − 64! d + 62! = 180! (allied angles)
a = 116! d = 118!
f + d = 180! (allied angles)
b = 64! (corresponding angles)
f + 118! = 180!
c = 64! (vertically opposite f = 62!
angles)

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Question 5

Show that triangles ABC and PQR are similar and find the sides marked with
letters.

Q
A
r
6 cm
x
P R
3 cm
16 cm
c

x
B C
6 cm

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Solution to question 5

We have to show that the two angles are equal in both triangles.
Q
A
r
6 cm
x
P R
3 cm
16 cm
c

x
B C
6 cm

Bˆ = Rˆ
Cˆ = Pˆ
⇒ Â = Qˆ
Hence ∆ABC is similar to ∆PQR

AB BC CA
Now = =
QR RP PQ
c 6 16
= =
6 3 r

c 6 6×6
Hence = ⇒c = = 18 cm
6 3 3

6 16 r 3 3 × 16
and = ⇒ = ⇒r = = 8 cm
3 r 16 6 6

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Question 6

Show that triangles PQT and PRS are similar and find the sides marked with
letters.

5 cm

m
3 cm
Q T
2 cm 3 cm

R p S

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Solution to question 6

5 cm

m
3 cm
Q T
2 cm 3 cm

R p S

Split the diagram into two triangles

P
P

5 cm

m−2
5 + 3 = 8 cm
m
Q T
3 cm

R S
p

Now considering ∆PRS and ∆PQT

we have Pˆ = Pˆ (same angle in both triangles), R̂ = Qˆ (corresponding angles)
and therefore Sˆ = Tˆ . Therefore ∆PRS and ∆PQT are similar.

PR RS SP m p 8
Now = = ⇒ = =
PQ QT TP m−2 3 5

m 8 16
Hence = ⇒ 5m = 8 ( m − 2 ) ⇒ 5m = 8m − 16 ⇒ 3m = 16 ⇒ m = cm
m−2 5 3

p 8 8 × 3 24
and = ⇒p= = cm
3 5 5 5

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Question 7

In the diagram ABC ˆ = ADBˆ = 90! , AD = m and DC = n.

a. Use similar triangles to show that x 2 = mz
b. Find a similar expression for y 2
c. Add the expressions for x 2 and y 2 and hence prove Pythagoras’
theorem.
B

x y

A m D n C
z

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Solution to question 7
B

x y

A m D n C
z

a. B B

x
x

A z C A m D

In ∆ABC and ∆ADB

Aˆ = Aˆ (the same angle in both triangles), Bˆ = Dˆ = 90! hence Cˆ = Bˆ .
Therefore ∆ABC and ∆ADB are similar.

AB BC CA x z
= = ⇒ = ⇒ x 2 = mz
AD DB BA m x

b. B B

y
y

A z C D n C

In ∆ABC and ∆BCD

Cˆ = Cˆ (the same angle in both triangles), Bˆ = Dˆ = 90! hence Aˆ = Bˆ .
Therefore ∆ABC and ∆BCD are similar.

CB BA AC y z
= = ⇒ = ⇒ y 2 = nz
CD DB BC n y

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c. Now x 2 + y 2 = mz + nz
= (m + n ) z
= z2
B

x
y

A z C

Hence z 2 = x 2 + y 2 , which is Pythagoras’ theorem for ∆ABC.

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Question 8

The volumes of two similar objects are 64 cm3 and 343 cm3 respectively.
a. Find the length ratio.
b. Find the ratio of the surface areas.
c. Given that the larger object has a surface area of 105 cm2, find the
surface area of the smaller object.

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Solution to question 8

64
a. The ratio of the volumes is
343

64 4
Therefore the length ratio is 3 =
343 7

2
4 16
b. The area ratio is   =
7 49

c. The surface area of the smaller object is

16 15 2 40 2
7
× 105 = = 34 cm2
49 7 7

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