MODULE 4: ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Lesson 4: Hyperbola

Subject: MATH 100

Teacher: Engr. Reginald N. Altalaguire
Hyperbola
A hyperbola is the set of points in a plane the absolute value of the difference of whose
distances from two fixed points (foci) is a constant.
Parts of a Hyperbola:
a. In a hyperbola, there are two axes of symmetry: transverse axis and conjugate axis .
b. The points of the hyperbola on the transverse axis are called vertices 𝑉1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 .
c. The point of intersection of the axes is called the center ( C ) . The foci 𝐹1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2
are on the transverse axis.
The hyperbola consists of two parts, called its branches. A branch
extends from one vertex, and another branch extends from the other
vertex. Each branch approaches the two diagonal asymptotes.
Properties of a Hyperbola:
a. 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡→𝐹1 − 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡→𝐹2 = 2𝑎
b. 𝑑𝐹1 →𝐹2 = 2𝑐
𝑑𝑉1 →𝑉2 = 2𝑎
2 𝑎2
𝑑𝑙1 →𝑙2 = 𝑐
c. 𝑎 > 0 , 𝑏 > 0, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
General Equation of the Hyperbola
The General Equation of the Hyperbola is:
𝐴 𝑥 2 + 𝐵 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0
where 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠
Horizontal Hyperbola (horizontal transverse axis)
2 2
Standard form of equation 𝑥−ℎ 𝑦−𝑘
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Parts of Hyperbola:
Center 𝐶 ℎ, 𝑘
Vertices 𝑉1 ℎ − 𝑎, 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 ℎ + 𝑎, 𝑘
Foci 𝐹1 ℎ − 𝑐, 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 ℎ + 𝑐, 𝑘
Directrices 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑙1 : 𝑥 = ℎ − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙2 : 𝑥 = ℎ +
𝑐 𝑐
Asymptotes 𝑏 −𝑏
𝑦 = 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥−ℎ +𝑘
𝑎 𝑎
Transverse axis 𝑦=𝑘
Conjugate axis 𝑥=ℎ
Vertical Hyperbola (vertical transverse axis)
2 2
Standard form of equation 𝑦−𝑘 𝑥−ℎ
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Parts of Hyperbola:
Center 𝐶 ℎ, 𝑘
Vertices 𝑉1 ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎
Foci 𝐹1 ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐
Directrices 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑙1 : 𝑦 = 𝑘 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = 𝑘 +
𝑐 𝑐
Asymptotes 𝑎 −𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥−ℎ +𝑘
𝑏 𝑏
Transverse axis 𝑥=ℎ
Conjugate axis 𝑦=𝑘
 Example 1. Hyperbola

Convert the equation 4 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 224 𝑦 − 781 = 0 of the hyperbola to standard form.

SOLUTION:
We convert the general equation of the hyperbola to standard form.
4 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 224 𝑦 − 781 = 0 General equation of the hyperbola
4 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 224 𝑦 − 781 + 781 = 781
4 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 224 𝑦 = 781
4 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + −16 𝑦 2 + 224 𝑦 = 781
4 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 16 𝑦 2 − 14 𝑦 + 49 = 781 + 4 − 784
2 2
4 𝑥−1 − 16 𝑦 − 7 =1
2 2
𝑥−1 𝑦−7 Standard form of the equation
− =1
1 1
4 16
1 1
It is a horizontal hyperbola with center 𝐶 1, 7 , 𝑎 = , 𝑏=
2 4
 Example 2. Hyperbola

Convert the equation 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑥 − 73 = 0 of the hyperbola to standard form.

SOLUTION:
We convert the general equation of the hyperbola to standard form.
𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑥 − 73 = 0 General equation of the hyperbola
𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑥 − 73 + 73 = 73
𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 16 𝑥 = 73
𝑦 2 + −𝑥 2 − 16 𝑥 = 73
𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 16 𝑥 + 64 = 73 − 64
𝑦2 − 𝑥 + 8 2
=9
1 2 2
1
𝑦 − 𝑥+8 = 9
9 9
𝑦2 𝑥+8 2 Standard form of the equation
− =1
9 9
It is a vertical hyperbola with center 𝐶 −8, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 3 , 𝑏 = 3
 Example 3. Hyperbola

Convert the equation 𝑥 2 − 9 𝑦 2 + 18 𝑥 − 54 𝑦 − 36 = 0 of the hyperbola to standard form.

SOLUTION:
We convert the general equation of the hyperbola to standard form.
𝑥 2 − 9 𝑦 2 + 18 𝑥 − 54 𝑦 − 36 = 0 General equation of the hyperbola
𝑥 2 − 9 𝑦 2 + 18 𝑥 − 54 𝑦 − 36 + 36 = 36
𝑥 2 − 9 𝑦 2 + 18 𝑥 − 54 𝑦 = 36
𝑥 2 + 18 𝑥 + −9 𝑦 2 − 54 𝑦 = 36
𝑥 2 + 18 𝑥 + 81 − 9 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 = 36 + 81 − 81
2 2
𝑥+9 −9 𝑦+3 = 36
1 2 2
1
𝑥+9 −9 𝑦+3 = 36
36 36
𝑥+9 2 𝑦+3 2 Standard form of the equation
− =1
36 4
It is a horizontal hyperbola with center 𝐶 −9, −3 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 6 , 𝑏 = 2