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Arduino 21 Key Piano

The document outlines the setup for a 21-key piano using three 74HC4051 multiplexers connected to an Arduino. It includes pin connections, a frequency table for the notes, and Arduino code to play the notes when buttons are pressed. The code defines the necessary pins, initializes them, and contains a loop to detect button presses and play corresponding notes through a speaker.

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5 views3 pages

Arduino 21 Key Piano

The document outlines the setup for a 21-key piano using three 74HC4051 multiplexers connected to an Arduino. It includes pin connections, a frequency table for the notes, and Arduino code to play the notes when buttons are pressed. The code defines the necessary pins, initializes them, and contains a loop to detect button presses and play corresponding notes through a speaker.

Uploaded by

mounikatheeda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arduino 21-Key Piano Using 74HC4051

Pin Connections

Three 74HC4051s to Arduino (for 21 keys):


MUX1:
S0 -> D2, S1 -> D3, S2 -> D4, INH -> GND, Z -> A0
Inputs Y0-Y7 -> Buttons 1 to 8

MUX2:
S0 -> D2, S1 -> D3, S2 -> D4, INH -> D6 (LOW to enable), Z -> A1
Inputs Y0-Y7 -> Buttons 9 to 16

MUX3:
S0 -> D2, S1 -> D3, S2 -> D4, INH -> D7 (LOW to enable), Z -> A2
Inputs Y0-Y4 -> Buttons 17 to 21

Speaker:
Speaker + -> D9 through 100 Ohm resistor
Speaker - -> GND

Power:
Arduino connected via USB (laptop) for power and programming
Frequency Table (21 Notes)

1. C4 - 261.63 Hz
2. C#4 - 277.18 Hz
3. D4 - 293.66 Hz
4. D#4 - 311.13 Hz
5. E4 - 329.63 Hz
6. F4 - 349.23 Hz
7. F#4 - 369.99 Hz
8. G4 - 392.00 Hz
9. G#4 - 415.30 Hz
10. A4 - 440.00 Hz
11. A#4 - 466.16 Hz
12. B4 - 493.88 Hz
13. C5 - 523.25 Hz
14. C#5 - 554.37 Hz
15. D5 - 587.33 Hz
16. D#5 - 622.25 Hz
17. E5 - 659.25 Hz
18. F5 - 698.46 Hz
19. F#5 - 739.99 Hz
20. G5 - 783.99 Hz
21. G#5 - 830.61 Hz
Arduino Code for 21-Key Piano
#define S0 2
#define S1 3
#define S2 4
#define INH2 6
#define INH3 7

#define Z1 A0
#define Z2 A1
#define Z3 A2
#define SPEAKER_PIN 9

float freqs[21] = {
261.63, 277.18, 293.66, 311.13, 329.63, 349.23, 369.99,
392.00, 415.30, 440.00, 466.16, 493.88, 523.25, 554.37,
587.33, 622.25, 659.25, 698.46, 739.99, 783.99, 830.61
};

void setup() {
pinMode(S0, OUTPUT); pinMode(S1, OUTPUT); pinMode(S2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(INH2, OUTPUT); pinMode(INH3, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(INH2, HIGH); digitalWrite(INH3, HIGH);
pinMode(Z1, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(Z2, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(Z3, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void loop() {
for (int ch = 0; ch < 8; ch++) {
selectChannel(ch);
if (digitalRead(Z1) == LOW) playNote(ch);
digitalWrite(INH2, LOW);
if (digitalRead(Z2) == LOW) playNote(ch + 8);
digitalWrite(INH2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(INH3, LOW);
if (ch < 5 && digitalRead(Z3) == LOW) playNote(ch + 16);
digitalWrite(INH3, HIGH);
}
}

void selectChannel(int ch) {


digitalWrite(S0, ch & 1);
digitalWrite(S1, (ch >> 1) & 1);
digitalWrite(S2, (ch >> 2) & 1);
}

void playNote(int index) {


tone(SPEAKER_PIN, freqs[index]);
delay(300);
noTone(SPEAKER_PIN);
}

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