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Panel Zone Calculation

The document discusses the design of diaphragms and horizontal stiffeners in column-beam joints to ensure the effective transmission of stresses and prevent cracking. It provides equations for calculating stress states, panel moments, and plastic moments, along with examples and recommendations for specific joint types in steel structures. The document emphasizes the importance of diaphragm thickness relative to beam flanges and includes calculations for a specific gable frame factory building scenario.

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Prafulla Malla
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17 views6 pages

Panel Zone Calculation

The document discusses the design of diaphragms and horizontal stiffeners in column-beam joints to ensure the effective transmission of stresses and prevent cracking. It provides equations for calculating stress states, panel moments, and plastic moments, along with examples and recommendations for specific joint types in steel structures. The document emphasizes the importance of diaphragm thickness relative to beam flanges and includes calculations for a specific gable frame factory building scenario.

Uploaded by

Prafulla Malla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Diaphragms (Horizontal Stiffeners)

For the joint panel to reach its yield bending capacity or full plastic bending capacity, the stresses
from the surrounding columns and beams must be transmitted to the joint panel. Through-
diaphragms as shown in Figure 2.57 and horizontal stiffeners as shown in Figure 2.58 (b) not only
restrain the out-of-plane deformation of the column flanges but also play a role in transmitting the
vertical stress from the beam flanges due to bending to the panel. The equilibrium condition for
the stress state around the joint panel as shown in Figure 2.57 is expressed by the following
equation:

cQ + 2τd.td.dc - (bM1 + bM2)/db = 0

τd = (bM1 + bM2)/( 2td.dc .db)


τd = τy ; τy = σy/sqrt(3)
td = sqrt(3). (bM1 + bM2)/( 2.dc .db. σy)
if there is a scallop (hole) as shown in Figure 2.58 (a), da must be used instead of dc in equations.
It is used to prevent cracking at joint and form hinge at beam instead of the panel zone.
The bending moment of beam can be used as plastic moment

bM1 = bM2= Mp = bf.tf .db. σby (Here bf.tf .db flange width, flange thickness and beam depth is centre
to centre of beam flanges, yield strength of beam)
Then, td = sqrt(3). (2bMp)/( 2.dc .db. σy)
If diaphragm and H beam has same yield point. σy = σby
td / tf ≥sqrt(3). bf/ dc
Assuming a column-beam joint with dc=400 mm, if bf=200 mm, then td/tf≥0.866, meaning
the same thickness is sufficient. However, if bf=250 mm, then td/tf≥1.08, which means the
diaphragm plate thickness needs to be at least 8% thicker than the beam flange. For typical
column-beam joints, making the diaphragm plate 1 to 2 mm thicker than the beam flange is
sufficient to transmit shear force.

td

Example

bM1 = bM2 =1200 kN.m


td = sqrt(3). (1200+1200)/( 2x375 x581x 235) x10^6 = 29.3 mm (adopt 32 mm)
Panel Moment

Average top and bottom column

Average left and right beam

Average top and bottom column, left and


right beam

Now, in Frame we have all together 4 types of Joint

Type Location
L-Type Top external column
T- Type Top internal column
90degree rotated T Middle story external
column
+ Type Middle story internal
column joint

Depending upon type of joint we have different relation of pMp*


Middle story internal column joint

Middle story external column

Top internal column

Top external column

Take min{ cMp,top*+ cMp,bot*, bMp,left* bMp,right*, pMp*}

Example AIJ RECOMENDATIONS FOR PLASTIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Add 2plate of 9
mm each side

Panel zone Design


Column and Panel section
H-500 x 300 x 12 x 22 (SN400B)
σy = 235 N/mm2 Yield strength of steel
db = h-tf Centre to centre distance of flanges of beam
= (500 – 22) = 478 mm
A = 18820 mm2 Cross-section area of section
Plastic moment of beam ( From table of H – section)
b Ml = 0 kN.m (Plastic moment of left beam, as there is no left beam)
b Mr = 164.8 kN.m (Plastic moment of right beam)
dc= h-tf Centre to centre distance of flanges of column
= (500 – 22) = 478 mm
cQu = 0 kN (Shear force of upper column, same as axial load, here no upper column)
cQl = 27.5 kN (Shear force of lower column, from shear force diagram FEM model)
N = 89.8 kN axial load on column
Here double plate of 9 mm is added on the web, not the diaphragm
Stiffner
td ≥sqrt(3). bf/ dc
td/ tf ≥sqrt(3). bf/ dc = sqrt(3). 300/ 478 =1.087
td≥ 1.087 x tf = 1.087 x 22 = 23.914 mm= adopt 26 mm
1. Panel zone moment Calculation
pM = bMl + bMr - (cQu + cQl). db /2 (Formula)
= 0 + 164.8 – ( 0 +27.5) *0.478 / 2 = 158.2 kN.m
2. Plastic moment of panel zone
Axial load ratio at panel zone = 89800/( σy x (A+2x area of plate)
= 89800/(235x (18820 + (9+9)x478)
= 0.013 < 1-Apanel/A =1- (12*478+18*478)/18820 = 0.238

p Mp = Ve. σy/sqrt(3) = 478 x 478 x (12 +18) x 235 /sqrt(3) =930 kN.m> pM
Here Ve is volume of panel zone.
3. Panel Moment ratio
Plastic moment at face of column and beam.
c Mp * = 1/(1-db/H) x cMp = 895.4/(1-0.478/186 = 972.9 kN.m (Column)
b Mp * = 1/(1-db/L) x bMp = 895.4/(1-0.478/18) = 919.8 kN.m (Beam)
panel, pMp* = pMp / (1-(db/L+dc/H)) = 930/ (1-0.478/18-0.478/6) = 1040kN.m
Ratio of panel to beam, pMp*/ bMp* = 1.13>1
Capacity of the joint is dependent on beam Take min{ cMp,top*+ cMp,bot*, bMp,left* bMp,right*,
pMp*}

= min{ 0+972.9, 919.8, 1040 }=919.8 kN

This is for Gable Frame common Factory building with hinge at crown.
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