Data Analytics Using Python

Chapter-01 ORGANIZATION PROFILE

1.1 About the Organization
During my internship at iPEC
Solutions Pvt. Ltd., I had the opportunity to work with a dynamic software company committed to
advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Data Science. iPEC
Solutions stands out for its dedication to innovation and excellence, positioning itself at the forefront
of technological development and professional training.
The organization provides cutting-edge solutions and training programs that equip individuals and
businesses with the knowledge and tools necessary to succeed in an increasingly data-driven world.
With a team of skilled professionals, including experienced developers and educators, iPEC
Solutions focuses on developing sophisticated software solutions and delivering high-quality
educational programs in emerging technologies.

1.2 Mission and Vision

Vision:
iPEC Solutions envisions establishing itself as a leading service provider in the Information
Technology (IT) domain, with a focus on IT Training & Consulting, Data Science & Artificial
Intelligence, Managed IT Services, and Technological Transformation. The organization is
dedicated to delivering AI-driven solutions that enhance operational efficiency for both individuals
and enterprises.
Mission:
The mission of iPEC Solutions is reflected in its name—Innovative, Professional, Engineering,
Consultant. The company strives to integrate these principles by offering customized, forward-
thinking solutions that seamlessly merge innovation and scientific expertise. Through its services,
iPEC Solutions aims to provide adaptable and effective solutions that cater to the evolving
technological landscape.
1.3 Role of Data Analytics in the Organization
During my internship, I observed the critical role of data analytics in iPEC Solutions' operations.
The company leverages data analytics across multiple domains, including AI-driven decision-
making, business intelligence, and predictive modeling. iPEC Solutions also offers specialized
training programs in Business Data Analytics, focusing on key concepts such as Generative AI, AI
Essentials, Business Intelligence Tools, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and SQL.
By incorporating data analytics into both its software development and training programs, the
organization ensures that its clients and students acquire practical, real-world expertise in handling
and interpreting data. This emphasis on data-driven insights allows businesses to enhance efficiency,
optimize strategies, and drive innovation in their respective industries.

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My experience at iPEC Solutions Pvt. Ltd. has provided me with valuable exposure to the
transformative impact of Python Programming, and Data Analytics, reinforcing the importance of
these technologies in today’s digital ecosystem.

Roles of intern at iPEC Solutions Involve

1.Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills
Data analytics fosters a structured approach to problem-solving by helping individuals break down
complex issues into manageable components. Through data-driven decision-making, employees
develop analytical thinking and the ability to derive actionable insights.

2.Developing Logical Thinking

Working with data requires a logical mindset to identify patterns, correlations, and logical reasoning
and strengthens decision-making capabilities.

3.Understanding the Analytics Process

Data analytics involves a series of systematic steps, including data collection, preprocessing,
analysis, interpretation, and visualization. Understanding these steps allows individuals to apply
structured methodologies to real-world problems.

4. Coding with Practical Understanding

Organizations use Python, R, SQL, and other programming languages to process and analyze data.
Data analytics roles help employees develop coding proficiency, emphasizing not only writing
scripts but also understanding the logic behind data manipulation and model implementation.

5. Working Under a Mentor

6. Learning from experienced professionals ensures skill enhancement and knowledge transfer.
Mentorship in data analytics provides guidance on best practices, troubleshooting challenges, and
applying theoretical concepts to practical scenarios.

6.Receiving Guidance from Experts

Engaging with industry experts helps individuals refine their analytical approaches, explore new
tools, and stay updated with evolving trends. Expert insights contribute to better model selection,
optimization techniques, and accuracy improvements in analytics projects.

7.Collaborating with Teams

Data analytics is not an isolated function; it requires cross-functional collaboration. Analysts work
with data engineers, business teams, and domain experts to ensure data integrity, relevance, and
effective decision-making.

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8.Communicating with Different Teams and Mentors

Effective communication is essential for translating technical findings into business insights.
Engaging with different teams and mentors helps in articulating analytical results, gathering
requirements, and aligning data-driven strategies with organizational goals.

9. Enhancing Report Writing and Documentation Skills

Data analytics roles require detailed documentation of methodologies, findings, and
recommendations. Developing structured report-writing skills ensures clarity in presenting data
insights and facilitates knowledge sharing within the organization.

10. Improving Presentation SkillS

Presenting data-driven insights to stakeholders is a crucial aspect of analytics. Whether through
dashboards, visualizations, or formal presentations, analysts must convey complex data
interpretations in a clear and impactful manner.

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Chapter-02
2.1 Objective of the Internship
The objective of this internship was to gain practical experience in data analytics using Python by
working on real-world datasets. The focus was on data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis
(EDA), and deriving insights through statistical and visual techniques. Additionally, the internship
aimed to enhance programming proficiency, improve analytical thinking, and develop skills in using
Python libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn, and geopanda.

2.2 Scope of the Project

The project involved analyzing structured and unstructured data to identify trends, correlations, and
patterns. It covered data collection, cleaning, and visualization. The scope extended to applying
various analytical question framing, understanding the domain deeply, increasing the knowledge in
Python Programming, depending on the dataset. The project outcomes were expected to provide
actionable insights that could support decision-making processes within the organization.

2.3 Overview of Data Analytics

Data analytics involves the systematic analysis of raw data to extract meaningful insights. It
encompasses data cleaning, transformation, visualization, and interpretation. Python is widely used
for data analytics due to its extensive ecosystem of libraries that facilitate statistical analysis, data
manipulation, and machine learning. Data analytics is applied in various domains, including finance,
healthcare, marketing, and business intelligence, to optimize operations and enhance strategic
decision-making.

2.4 About Python Programming

Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language. It is known for its
readability, simplicity, and ease of learning. Python supports multiple programming paradigms,
including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Key Information About Python Programming Language

1. History of python:Name Origin:

 Python was named after the British comedy group Monty Python’s Flying Circus, not the snake.
The name reflects van Rossum's intent to make programming fun.

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2. Key Features of Python:

 Dynamic Typing: Variables in Python do not need to be explicitly declared with a data type
(e.g., integer, string).
 Memory Management: Python uses an automatic garbage collection system, handling memory
allocation and deallocation on its own.

3. Python Version:

 Python 2.x:Python 2 was the original version and was officially released in 2000. Its support
ended in 2020.
 Python 3.x: Python 3 is the latest and actively maintained version of Python. It was introduced
in 2008 to fix many inconsistencies in Python 2.

4. Python Libraries and Frameworks:

 Python has a huge ecosystem of libraries and frameworks that allow developers to quickly build
applications. Some of the most popular ones include:
 Data Science & Machine Learning: Pandas, NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch
 Web Development: Django, Flask, FastAPI, Bottle; GUI Development: Tkinter, PyQt, Kivy
 Testing: PyTest, unittest.

5. Python Use Cases:

 Python is incredibly versatile and is used in many fields, including:

 Web Development: Python is commonly used for building web applications and APIs.
Frameworks like Django and Flask are popular for building web applications quickly and
efficiently.
 Data Science & Analytics: Python is the go-to language for data analysis, with libraries such as
Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib. It is used to manipulate, clean, visualize, and analyze large
datasets.
 Machine Learning & AI: Python is widely used in machine learning and artificial intelligence
due to its rich ecosystem of tools like TensorFlow, Keras, scikit-learn, and PyTorch.

6.Python Performance:

Python, being an interpreted language, tends to be slower than compiled languages like C or Java.
However, it compensates for this with its ease of use and the availability of powerful tools and
libraries. Performance can be improved using:
 Cython: A tool for compiling Python code into C code.

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 NumPy: For scientific computing, where performance is crucial, the code often relies on low-
level C libraries.

2.When python was developed?

 Python was developed in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum, a Dutch programmer. He started
working on it in December 1989 at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the
Netherlands. The first official release, Python 0.9.0, was made available in February 1991.
 Python was created as a successor to the ABC programming language, with an emphasis on
readability, simplicity, and ease of use. Over time, Python evolved through various versions,
with Python 2.x released in 2000 and the current Python 3.x series introduced in 2008.

3.Why python?

Ease of Learning and Use: Python has a simple and readable syntax, making it beginner-friendly. Its
clean design allows developers to focus on solving problems rather than worrying about complex
syntax rules.

4.What is zen in python

The Zen of Python is a collection of guiding principles for writing computer programs in Python,
written by Tim Peters. It captures the philosophy and style that Python developers should strive to
follow in their code. These principles encourage simplicity, readability, and maintainability.

5.Explanation of each point under zen of python?

The Zen of Python provides a set of principles that guide Python developers toward writing clean,
readable, and maintainable code. Here's an explanation of each of the principles:

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1. "Beautiful is better than ugly."

Explanation: Code should be aesthetically pleasing. Avoid writing code that's hard to read or messy.
Beautiful code is easier to understand, maintain, and extend. A well-written program looks clean
and organized, much like a well-crafted design.

2. "Explicit is better than implicit."

Explanation: Don't try to hide logic behind clever tricks or shortcuts that make the code hard to
understand. It’s better to be clear and direct about what the code is doing. If something is happening
in the background, let the reader know through clear, understandable code.

3. "Simple is better than complex."

Explanation: Simplicity is key to maintainable code. If you have two ways of solving a problem, opt
for the simpler approach unless complexity is absolutely necessary. Simple code is easier to
understand, test, and debug.

4. "Complex is better than complicated."

Explanation: While simplicity is ideal, complexity might sometimes be unavoidable due to the
nature of the problem being solved. In those cases, make sure the complexity is logical and well-
structured rather than overly convoluted or hard to follow.

5. "Flat is better than nested."

Explanation: Avoid unnecessary levels of indentation or deeply nested code. Deep nesting makes
code harder to read and follow. It's better to break down complex logic into smaller, more
manageable pieces.

6. "Sparse is better than dense."

Explanation: Leave space in your code to make it readable. Don’t pack everything into one line or
cramp multiple actions together. Well-spaced code is easier to read, understand, and maintain.

7. "Readability counts."

Explanation: Above all, prioritize making your code readable. Code is often maintained and updated
by others (or yourself at a later time), and readable code will help those working with it understand
the logic more quickly and reduce errors.

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6.Applications in python?

Python is a versatile and powerful language, making it suitable for a wide range of applications
across various fields. Here are some of the most common areas where Python is used:

1. Web Development:

 Python is widely used for building web applications and websites. Popular frameworks like
Django and Flask make web development easier and more efficient.
 Example: Instagram, Pinterest, and Spotify are built using Python-based web frameworks.

2. Data Science and Analytic

 Python is one of the most popular languages for data science and analytics due to its powerful
libraries like Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Seaborn.

 Example: Data scientists use Python to analyze trends, generate insights, and create
visualizations for large datasets.

3. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence:

 Python is the go-to language for machine learning (ML) and AI due to libraries like
TensorFlow, Keras, scikit-learn, and PyTorch.
 Example: Python is used in deep learning projects for facial recognition, language translation,
and chatbots.

4. Automation (Scripting)

 Python excels at automating repetitive tasks such as file handling, web scraping, data entry, and
email automation. It's often used in DevOps to automate server management.
 Example: Writing scripts to scrape data from websites, automatically fillin out forms, or
monitoring server performance.

5. Game Development:

 Python, with libraries like Pygame, is used for developing 2D games. While not typically used
for high-performance 3D game engines, it’s great for prototypes, indie games, and learning
game programming.

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6. Scientific Computing

 Python is widely used in academia, scientific research, and engineering for simulations,
numerical computations, and solving mathematical problems. Libraries like SciPy and SymPy
make it ideal for these tasks.

7. Cybersecurity

 Python is frequently used in cybersecurity for tasks such as penetration testing, vulnerability
scanning, network security analysis, and automating security tasks.

8. Desktop GUI Applications

 Python is used to build cross-platform desktop applications. Libraries like Tkinter, PyQt, and
Kivy allow developers to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for applications.

7.Popularities in python?

 Python's popularity has surged over the years, becoming one of the most widely used
programming languages in the world. Its growth can be attributed to various factors, including
its versatility, ease of use, and the wide range of applications it supports. Below are some of the
key reasons why Python is so popular:

1. Ease of Learning and Readability

 Python has a simple syntax that is easy to understand, making it an ideal language for
beginners. Its readability makes it more accessible to people who may not have a strong
background in programming.

 The focus on readability also makes it easy to maintain and extend Python code, even after
years of development.

2. Versatility

 Python is a general-purpose programming language that can be used for a wide variety of tasks,
from web development and data analysis to machine learning and automation.
 It supports multiple paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional
programming, allowing developers to choose the best approach for a particular project.

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3. Large Standard Library

 Python’s standard library is vast and includes tools for working with various file formats,
networking, databases, web scraping, and much more. This reduces the need to reinvent the
wheel when developing applications.
 Additionally, Python has a massive ecosystem of third-party libraries and frameworks, such as
NumPy, Pandas, TensorFlow, Django, and Flask, that further expand its functionality.

4. Strong Community Support

 Python has a huge and active community that contributes to its development and provides
support for newcomers. There are numerous forums, tutorials, blogs, and documentation that
can help developers find solutions to problems.
 Python also has meetups and conferences worldwide, including PyCon, which strengthens its
community and fosters collaboration.

5. Data Science and Machine Learning Popularity

 Python has become the de facto language for data science, machine learning (ML), and artificial
intelligence (AI). Libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, scikit-learn, and TensorFlow
are heavily relied upon by data scientists and machine learning engineers for tasks ranging from
data cleaning to deep learning.
 The combination of Python's ease of use and its powerful libraries has made it a go-to language
in the rapidly growing fields of data analysis and machine learning.

6. Web Development

 Python’s Django and Flask frameworks have made web development faster and easier, allowing
developers to quickly build and deploy robust web applications.
 The growth of full-stack development using Python, where both the back-end and front-end
code (via JavaScript) can interact seamlessly, has contributed to its popularity in web
development.

8.Trends of python?

Python has seen continuous growth in recent years, and several trends indicate its expanding
influence and importance in various fields. Here are some current and emerging trends in Python
that are shaping its future:

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1. Data Science and Machine Learning

Trend: Python continues to dominate in the fields of data science, machine learning (ML), and
artificial intelligence (AI).

2. Automation and Scripting

Trend: Python is widely used for automation, ranging from small scripts to large-scale automation
tools. It simplifies repetitive tasks such as web scraping, file management, data processing, and
deployment automation.

3. Web Development Frameworks

Trend: Python’s web development frameworks like Django, Flask, and FastAPI are gaining
popularity for building web applications, APIs, and microservices.

4. Python in Cloud Computing

Trend: Python is increasingly being used in cloud computing and cloud-native applications,
especially in environments like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.

5. AI and Deep Learning Frameworks

Trend: Deep learning, which requires large datasets and computational power, continues to grow in
popularity, and Python is at the heart of this revolution with TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch.

6. Python in Cybersecurity

Trend: Cybersecurity is an area where Python is being heavily used for tasks like penetration testing,
network monitoring, and vulnerability scanning.

9.Which companies uses python?

Python is used by a wide range of companies across different industries due to its versatility,
simplicity, and strong community support. Some of the world’s biggest tech giants, startups, and
enterprises rely on Python for various use cases, including web development, data science, machine
learning, automation, and more. Below is a list of prominent companies that use Python:

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1. Google

 Usage: Google has been a strong proponent of Python and uses it for a variety of applications,
including machine learning, data analysis, and automation.
 Example: Google uses Python for Google App Engine and for internal tools and libraries.

2. Facebook

 Usage: Facebook uses Python for various backend services and for machine learning projects.
 Example: Facebook uses Python for tasks like data analysis, recommendation systems, and real-
time messaging.

3. Instagram

 Usage: Instagram, owned by Facebook, heavily uses Python for web development and data
processing.
 Example: The backend of Instagram is built using Django, a Python web framework.

4. Spotify

 Usage: Spotify uses Python for data analysis, recommendation systems, and backend services.
 Example: Spotify uses Python in its data pipeline and for analyzing user data to generate music
recommendations.

5. Netflix

 Usage: Netflix uses Python for backend development, data science, machine learning, and
content recommendation systems.
 Example: Netflix leverages Python for A/B testing, predicting user preferences, and optimizing
video streaming quality.

6. Dropbox

 Usage: Dropbox uses Python for various backend systems and cloud storage operations.
 Example: Dropbox uses Python to handle everything from server-side programming to file
synchronization.

8. Amazon

 Usage: Amazon uses Python for a variety of tasks, including automation, data analysis, and
machine learning.
 Example: Amazon’s AWS (Amazon Web Services) integrates with Python through the Boto3
SDK, which is used for managing cloud resources.
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10.Liberties of python?

Python offers many advantages or "liberties" to developers, making it a highly preferred language
for a wide range of applications.

1. Ease of Learning and Use

Simple Syntax: Python has a clean and easy-to-read syntax, making it an excellent choice for
beginners. Its code closely resembles natural language, which makes it easier to understand and
write.

2. Versatility and Flexibility

General-Purpose Language: Python is highly versatile and can be used in many domains, including
web development, data science, automation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, scientific
computing, game development, and more.

3.Cross-Platform Compatibility

Python is platform-independent. It can run on various platforms, including Windows, macOS,

Linux, and more, without needing to modify the code.

4. Large Ecosystem and Rich Libraries

Python has a vast standard library and a large ecosystem of third-party packages available through
PyPI (Python Package Index). This library collection covers a wide range of functionality, from web
frameworks (e.g., Django, Flask) to data science (e.g., Pandas, NumPy) and machine learning

5. Rapid Prototyping and Development

Python allows for quick prototyping of ideas, meaning developers can create a working model of an
application or system in a short amount of time.

6. Integration Capabilities

Python integrates seamlessly with other languages like C, C++, Java, .NET, and more, allowing
developers to use Python alongside other technologies in the same project.

7. Community Support

Python has a large and active community of developers worldwide. You have access to an enormous
number of tutorials, forums, and online documentation that can help resolve issues.

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11.What are the advantages of market study and market survey?

Market studies and market surveys are essential tools for businesses to understand the market,
customers, and competitors. Both are used to gather information and make informed decisions.

Advantages of Market Study

1.Informed Decision Making

Market studies provide businesses with data about market trends, customer behavior, and the
competitive landscape. This helps in making more informed decisions about product development,
pricing, and marketing strategies.

2.Identifying Opportunities
By conducting a market study, businesses can identify gaps in the market, emerging trends, and new
opportunities. This can lead to the development of new products or services that meet the demands
of the target audience.

3. Risk Reduction
Market studies help businesses anticipate potential challenges, such as changes in market conditions,
customer preferences, or competitor actions. Understanding these factors can reduce risks and help
businesses adjust strategies accordingly.

4.Understanding Customer Needs

Market studies often include customer insights, helping businesses to understand what consumers
truly want and need. This can lead to more customer-centric offerings that improve satisfaction and
loyalty.

Advantages of Market Survey

1. Direct Feedback from Customers

Market surveys gather direct responses from consumers or businesses in your target market. This
gives you real-time, firsthand insights into their preferences, attitudes, and opinions, which can
guide product development and marketing strategies.

2. Cost-Effective
Surveys can be conducted online, via phone, or in-person, making them a relatively low-cost
method to gather large amounts of data quickly. Online surveys, in particular, are an affordable and
efficient option for reaching a wide audience.

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3. Quantifiable Data
Market surveys often collect quantitative data that can be easily analyzed. This makes it easier to
interpret results, track patterns, and make decisions based on solid evidence.

4.Segmentation and Targeting

Surveys can help you segment your market by gathering demographic, geographic, and
psychographic data. This allows businesses to tailor their products and services to specific customer
groups, improving targeting and increasing sales.

5.Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Insights

Surveys are an excellent way to measure customer satisfaction, loyalty, and perception of your
products or services. This data is invaluable for improving customer experience, addressing
complaints, and fostering long-term relationships.

12.Why JDK is required for installation?

 The Java Development Kit (JDK) is required for installation if you want to develop Java
applications. The JDK is a software package that provides all the tools and libraries necessary
for developing, compiling, and running Java applications.
 Java Compiler (javac): The JDK includes a compiler that converts Java source code (written in
.java files) into bytecode (stored in .class files). This bytecode can be executed by the Java
Virtual Machine (JVM).
 Java Runtime Environment (JRE): The JDK also includes the Java Runtime Environment
(JRE), which is necessary to run Java applications. The JRE contains the JVM and essential
libraries for running Java programs.
 Development Tools: It comes with various tools (e.g., debugger, documentation generator, etc.)
to assist in the development of Java applications, making it easier to debug, test, and optimize
code.
 Libraries and API s: The JDK includes a wide range of libraries and APIs for building Java
applications. These libraries provide essential functionalities like networking, file I/O, GUI
creation, and much more.

13.Which JDK or IDE Supports Python?

1. IDLE (Python's built-in IDE)

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IDLE comes pre-installed with Python. It's a simple and lightweight IDE that allows you to write
and run Python code quickly.
It’s great for beginners and for small scripts or testing snippets of code, but it lacks advanced
features that you might find in more powerful IDEs.

1. PyCharm

PyCharm is one of the most popular and feature-rich Python IDEs. It has both a free (Community)
and a paid (Professional) version.

Features include smart code completion, debugging, testing tools, version control integration, and
virtual environment support.
Best suited for more complex Python projects.

2. Visual Studio Code (VS Code)

VS Code is a lightweight, highly customizable editor with excellent support for Python through
extensions.
It includes features like IntelliSense (smart code completion), debugging, Git integration, and more.
It's great for both beginners and professionals due to its versatility.

3. Jupyter Notebook

Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share live code,
equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
It’s particularly popular for data science and machine learning projects, as it supports interactive
data analysis and visualization.

4. Spyder

Spyder is an IDE specifically tailored for scientific computing and data analysis.
It includes tools like an interactive console, variable explorer, integrated debugging, and support for
scientific libraries (like NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib).
Popular among data scientists and researchers

14.What Is Anaconda?
 Ease of Use: Anaconda simplifies package management and environment handling, making it
easier to install, configure, and maintain libraries and tools for data science and machine
learning projects.
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 No Need for Virtualenv: The anaconda environment manager replaces the need for other tools
like as it can handle multiple environments and versions of Python with ease.

Optimized for Performance: Anaconda is optimized for working with large datasets, parallel
computing, and high-performance computing (HPC). It's ideal for both individual developers and
teams working on heavy computational tasks.

15. How Anaconda and Python Are Connected?

Anaconda and Python are closely related, but they serve different purposes.

1.Python as the Core Language

Python is a general-purpose programming language used for a wide range of applications, including
web development, automation, data analysis, machine learning, and more.
Python is the primary language used in the Anaconda distribution.

2. Anaconda as a Python Distribution

 Anaconda is a distribution of Python (and also R) specifically designed to make it easier to

work with data science, machine learning, and scientific computing.
 Conda – The Package and Environment Manager
 Anaconda includes Conda, which is a package manager and environment manager. Conda is
designed to manage both Python and non-Python libraries, making it a powerful tool for
managing dependencies, versions, and environments.

Prepackaged Python Librarie:

Anaconda comes with a collection of pre installed libraries tailored for data science and machine
learning. These libraries, like NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy, Scikit-learn, etc., are Python
libraries, and they work seamlessly with Python code in your Anaconda environment.

Chapter-03

Tools and Technologies Used

3.1 Overview of Python for Data Analytics

Python is one of the most widely used programming languages in data analytics, machine learning,
and artificial intelligence due to its simplicity, versatility, and extensive ecosystem of libraries. It
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enables efficient data manipulation, statistical analysis, visualization, and machine learning model
development. Python’s ability to handle large datasets, automate repetitive tasks, and integrate with
various data sources makes it an essential tool for data professionals.

The language supports structured and unstructured data processing, offering capabilities for data
cleaning, feature engineering, visualization, and predictive modeling. With its open-source nature
and vast community support, Python is a preferred choice for data scientists, analysts, and business
intelligence professionals.

3.2 Libraries and Frameworks Used

Python offers several libraries tailored for data analytics and visualization. The following were
extensively used during the internship:

 Pandas: Used for data manipulation and analysis, Pandas provides data structures such as
DataFrames and Series, allowing efficient handling of structured data. It supports operations
like filtering, grouping, merging, and transformation of large datasets.

 NumPy: Essential for numerical computing, NumPy enables operations on multi-dimensional

arrays and matrices. It provides mathematical functions and supports linear algebra, Fourier
transforms, and statistical computations.


 Matplotlib: A foundational library for data visualization, Matplotlib allows the creation of
static, animated, and interactive plots. It provides control over graph customization, making it
useful for exploratory data analysis.

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 Seaborn: Built on top of Matplotlib, Seaborn simplifies the creation of visually appealing and
informative statistical graphs, including heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots, which are useful
for understanding data distributions and correlations.

 Geopandas: An extension of Pandas for geospatial data analysis, Geopandas allows the
handling of spatial data formats and integrates with visualization tools like Matplotlib for
geographic mapping.

3.3 Data Collection Techniques and Domain Knowledge

Data collection is a fundamental step in any analytics project. Various techniques were employed,
including:

 Structured Data Retrieval: Extracting data from databases using SQL queries to gather
structured datasets from relational databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
 Web Scraping: Using Python libraries such as BeautifulSoup and Scrapy to collect data from
publicly available sources like websites and online repositories.

APIs: Accessing real-time data from external platforms using RESTful APIs, particularly for
gathering financial, weather, or social media analytics data.
 Survey and User Input Data: Collecting primary data through survey tools, forms, and customer
feedback mechanisms, which was later processed and analyzed.

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 CSV/Excel Files: Working with structured datasets stored in CSV, Excel, or JSON formats for
preprocessing and visualization.
 Geospatial Data Sources: Utilizing GIS datasets and open-source platforms like OpenStreetMap
and Google Maps API for spatial data analysis.

Domain Knowledge
Understanding the business context and the problem domain is crucial in data analytics. Domain
expertise helps in defining relevant features, selecting appropriate models, and interpreting results
meaningfully. During the internship, domain knowledge in finance, healthcare, and business
intelligence was explored to provide deeper insights into data-driven solutions.

DATA ANALYTICS
What is Data analysis?
Data analysis inspects, cleans, transforms, and models data to extract insights and support
decision-making. As a data analyst, your role involves dissecting vast datasets, unearthing
hidden patterns, and translating numbers into actionable information.
Why is Data Analysis Important to Learn?
Data analysis is crucial in today's world because it helps individuals and businesses make
informed decisions, optimize processes, and gain a competitive edge. Here’s why learning data
analysis is important:

High Demand & Career Growth

 Data analysis skills are in high demand across industries like finance, healthcare, marketing,
and technology.
 Careers in data science, business intelligence, and analytics offer lucrative opportunities.

Better Decision-Making
 Data-driven decisions reduce guesswork and improve accuracy.
 Helps businesses optimize operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.
Competitive Advantage

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Data Analytics Using Python

 Companies use data analysis to understand market trends, customer behavior, and
competitor strategies.
 It provides insights that lead to better product development and customer engagement.

Problem-Solving & Critical Thinking

 Enhances analytical and logical thinking skills.

 Helps in identifying patterns, trends, and correlations to solve real-world problems.

How can data analysis help TATA Motor business?

Data analysis can play a crucial role in improving Tata Motors' business in several ways, helping
the company stay competitive and efficient.

Market & Consumer Insights

 Customer Preferences: Analyzing customer data helps Tata Motors understand what
features, designs, and technologies customers prefer.
 Trend Analysis: Data can reveal emerging market trends, such as the shift toward electric
vehicles (EVs).
 Targeted Marketing: Tata Motors can personalize advertising based on customer behavior
and demographics, improving engagement and sales conversion.

Production & Supply Chain Optimization

 Demand Forecasting: Predictive analytics can help estimate demand for different models,
reducing excess inventory and stockouts.
 Supplier Performance Monitoring: Data can help assess suppliers’ reliability and quality,
ensuring smooth production.

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Data Analytics Using Python

 Logistics Efficiency: Optimizing routes and transportation can reduce costs and delivery
times.

Cost Optimization

 Identifying unnecessary expenses and areas to cut costs.

 Streamlining supply chain and logistics for efficiency.

Sentiment & Feedback Analysis

 Understanding customer satisfaction through reviews and social media.

 Identifying areas for product or service improvement.

Employee Performance & HR Analytics

 Tracking employee productivity and engagement levels.

 Predicting attrition and improving workforce planning.

Market & Industry Insights

 Evaluating economic and industry-specific shifts.

 Identifying emerging opportunities and threats.

How Data analysis helps in decision making?

 Data analysis supports decision-making by transforming raw data into actionable insights.

 Evidence-Based Decisions:

 Informed Choices: By relying on data rather than gut feelings, decision-makers can identify

What is working and what isn’t.

 Risk Reduction: Data highlights potential risks, allowing for proactive measures.

Who will use the Analysis report?

1.Executives and Senior Management:

 They use reports to guide strategic decisions, allocate resources, and set company direction.

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Data Analytics Using Python

2.Middle Management:

 They rely on these reports to monitor operational performance, manage teams, and
implement strategies.
3.Data Analysts and Data Scientists:

 They create and interpret reports to uncover trends, anomalies, and insights.

4.Marketing Teams:

 They use analysis to understand customer behavior, measure campaign performance, and
optimize strategies.

Finance Departments:

 They analyze financial reports to track revenue, expenses, profitability, and budget
allocation.
 Operations and Supply Chain Managers:
 They use data to optimize production, streamline processes, and improve logistics.

What are the duties of Data Analysis?

 Data analysts have a variety of duties aimed at transforming raw data into actionable insights.
 Data Collection & Acquisition:
 Gather data from diverse sources such as databases, spreadsheets, APIs, and external
datasets.
 Ensure data is collected in a consistent and reliable manner.

Data Cleaning & Preprocessing:

 Identify and handle missing, duplicate, or inconsistent data.

 Format and structure data to ensure accuracy and quality.

Data Exploration & Analysis:

 Perform exploratory data analysis (EDA) to identify trends, patterns, and
anomalies.
 Use statistical tools and techniques to interpret data and draw conclusions.

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Data Analytics Using Python

Data Visualization:

 Create charts, graphs, and dashboards that effectively communicate findings.

 Use visualization tools (e.g., Tableau, Power BI, or Python libraries) to make complex
data accessible.

CASE STUDY OF MYNTRA

Introduction

Myntra is one of India’s leading online fashion and lifestyle retailers, known for offering a wide
range of clothing, footwear, accessories, beauty products, and home decor. Founded in 2007 by
Vineet Saxena, Mukesh Bansal, and Ashutosh Lawania, Myntra initially began as a personalized
gifting platform but quickly transitioned into fashion retailing. It is headquartered in Bengaluru,
Karnataka, and has since become a major player in India’s e-commerce landscape.

History:

Myntra was introduced in 2007 primarily to cater to the personalized gift market, but the company's
founders recognized a bigger opportunity in the fast-growing e-commerce and fashion sector. By
shifting focus to fashion in 2011, leveraging technological advancements, and understanding
changing consumer behaviors, Myntra successfully filled a gap in India’s online fashion retail space.
Its combination of innovation, strategic investments, and adaptability allowed it to grow rapidly and
become a major player in the Indian e-commerce landscape.

Background:

The background of Myntra traces its roots to its founding in 2007, when it was established by
Mukesh Bansal, Ashutosh Lawania, and Vineet Saxena in Bengaluru, India. Initially, Myntra wasn’t
the fashion e-commerce giant it is today.

1. Initial Focus on Personalized Gifts (2007-2010)

 In 2011, Myntra made a strategic pivot to become an online fashion and lifestyle retailer. The
founders realized that the Indian market was starting to embrace online shopping, and there was
a significant gap in the market for a dedicated fashion e-commerce platform. At this time, the

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Data Analytics Using Python

Indian retail sector was still heavily reliant on physical stores, and the potential for online
fashion shopping was largely untapped.

2. Investment and Growth (2012-2014)

 Myntra’s shift to the fashion market was accompanied by significant investment and growth:
 In 2012, Myntra received $20 million in funding from Tiger Global Management, a well-known
venture capital firm.
 Myntra expanded its product range by partnering with well-known international and local
fashion brands like Nike, Adidas, Levi’s, Van Heusen, and many others.

3. Merger with Jabong (2016)

 To strengthen its position in the competitive e-commerce market, Myntra merged with Jabong,
another major player in the Indian fashion e-commerce space, in 2016. This merger helped
Myntra consolidate its market share, bringing together the strengths of both platforms. Myntra
became the primary brand, and Jabong operated as a subsidiary for a while before eventually
being shut down in 2020.

Key Features of Myntra:

1. Product Categories:
2. Online Shopping Experience:
3. Key Innovations:
4. Acquisitions and Mergers:
5. Myntra’s Fashion Week:
6. Growth and Impact:

Problems faced by Myntra?

While Myntra has achieved significant success, it has also faced a number of challenges over the
years. Some of the key problems Myntra has encountered include:

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Data Analytics Using Python

1. Intense Competition

2. Logistics and Delivery Challenges

3. Returns and Refunds

4. Counterfeit Products

5. Profitability Concerns

6. Managing Customer Expectations

7. Dependence on Discounts and Offers

Objectives of Myntra

The objectives of Myntra are centered around growth, customer satisfaction, innovation, and
maintaining leadership in the highly competitive e-commerce fashion industry. Here are the primary
objectives Myntra aims to achieve:

1. Leadership in Online Fashion Retail

 Goal: To maintain its position as one of the leading fashion e-commerce platforms in India,
offering a comprehensive range of clothing, footwear, accessories, beauty products, and home
goods.

2. Deliver an Exceptional Customer Experience

 Goal: To provide a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience for its customers by leveraging
technology and user-centric features.Enhance Product Assortment

 Goal: To continually expand its range of products to cater to a wider variety of customer tastes
and preferences, and keep up with the latest fashion trends.

3. Technology and Innovation

 Goal: To stay at the forefront of technological innovation within the fashion e-commerce space
by implementing cutting-edge features like AI-based personalized shopping, virtual try-ons, 3D
product views, and advanced mobile app features.

4.Customer Retention and Loyalty

 Goal: To build strong customer loyalty through programs like Myntra Insider, offering
exclusive discounts, early access to sales, and personalized offers.

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Data Analytics Using Python

5..Expand Market Reach

 Goal: To continue expanding its customer base across urban and semi-urban areas in India, as
well as in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities where e-commerce is rapidly growing.

6..Sustainability and Ethical Practices

 Goal: To drive sustainability in fashion by offering more eco-friendly and sustainable fashion
options, promoting ethical sourcing, and reducing its carbon footprint.

7.Expanding Partnerships and Collaborations

 Goal: To collaborate with global brands and local designers for exclusive collections, thereby
offering unique and diverse products to consumers.

8.Mobile-First Strategy

 Goal: To further invest in and enhance its mobile app, making it the go-to platform for fashion
shopping, as more Indian consumers are shifting to mobile shopping.

9.Global Expansion

 Goal: While Myntra's primary focus is on the Indian market, it is also interested in global
expansion by exploring international markets, particularly those with emerging middle-class
populations.

Why has the Myntra logo been changed?

The Myntra logo has undergone a change as part of its efforts to rebrand and evolve in response to
shifting market trends, customer preferences, and business growth.

1. Reflecting a New Brand Identity

 Modernization: Myntra's old logo was seen as more traditional and less in line with the dynamic
and modern fashion industry. The updated logo was designed to be more contemporary and
stylish, reflecting the company's growth in the fashion and lifestyle space.

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Data Analytics Using Python

2. Appeal to Younger Audiences

 Myntra caters to a broad audience, especially younger consumers who are more visually driven
and connected to trends. The logo change was an attempt to connect with a fashion-savvy
generation that values aesthetics, simplicity, and innovation.

3. Evolving as a Mobile-First Brand

 Myntra’s shift to a mobile-first strategy (going app-only for a period) played a part in the logo
change. A simpler, more streamlined logo is more mobile-friendly and works better as an app
icon on smartphones and digital platforms.

4. Aligning with Myntra’s Global Expansion and Market Leadership

 As Myntra aimed to become a dominant player in the Indian fashion e-commerce market and
explore potential international markets, the company needed a logo that could reflect its global
ambitions and modern appeal.

5. Symbolizing Change and Growth

 The new logo also symbolizes Myntra’s growth from a personalized gift platform to one of
India’s largest fashion and lifestyle e-commerce brands.

6. Competing in the Fashion and E-Commerce Space

 Myntra’s competitors, such as Flipkart, Amazon, and Ajio, are constantly updating their
branding and positioning to stay relevant. The logo change was also a strategic move to ensure
that Myntra’s visual identity stood out in a competitive e-commerce landscape.

7. Aimed at Simplification

 The previous Myntra logo had an intricate design that could be hard to replicate across different
platforms and merchandise. The new logo features a simpler, sleeker design that’s easier to
adapt to various formats, from digital ads to physical packaging.

Is Myntra B2B or B2C ?

 Myntra is primarily a B2C (Business-to-Consumer) company.

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Data Analytics Using Python

 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) means that Myntra directly sells products to the end consumers,
which is the primary model for e-commerce platforms like Myntra.
 Product Offering: Myntra offers a wide range of fashion and lifestyle products (clothing,
footwear, accessories, beauty products, etc.) directly to individual customers via its online
platform (website and mobile app).
 Customer Engagement: Myntra’s marketing, sales, promotions, and loyalty programs (like the
Myntra Insider program) are all focused on attracting and retaining individual customers.

Methodology of Myntra
The methodology of Myntra, as an e-commerce platform, encompasses a variety of strategies,
technologies, and business practices that work together to deliver a seamless and engaging shopping
experience. Myntra has developed a solid methodology in terms of customer acquisition, product
offerings, user experience, supply chain management, and technology.

Comparison Between Myntra and Flipkart

Justification:
 Myntra is designed as a fashion-centric platform, whereas Flipkart is a broad marketplace
catering to a diverse range of products. This differentiation ensures that Myntra builds expertise
in curated fashion while Flipkart competes with Amazon in multi-category retail.
 Myntra's premium approach attracts users who prioritize style, trends, and brand value, while
Flipkart serves a mass-market segment with an emphasis on affordability and convenience.
 Myntra’s strength lies in its curated fashion collections and exclusive tie-ups, making it a
destination for style-conscious buyers. Flipkart, on the other hand, ensures variety across
categories, making it a one-stop shop for everything.
 Myntra maintains brand exclusivity and ensures a fashion-focused experience, whereas
Flipkart’s strategy revolves around affordable pricing and mass appeal.
 Myntra tailors its platform for fashion shoppers by integrating styling features and a
personalized experience. Flipkart, being a general marketplace, optimizes its interface for
convenience and efficiency across multiple product categories.
Comparison Between Myntra and Amazon

Justification:
 Myntra has positioned itself as a fashion-first platform, catering to trend-conscious shoppers
looking for premium and exclusive brands. Amazon, on the other hand, is a general
marketplace, aiming to be a one-stop destination for all shopping needs.

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Data Analytics Using Python

 Myntra’s focus on style-conscious customers helps it stand out as a dedicated fashion

destination. Amazon caters to every type of shopper, from those looking for daily necessities to
those seeking high-end products.
 Myntra partners with brands to curate and personalize fashion collections, whereas Amazon
provides a larger product catalog across multiple categories, making it a more generic
marketplace.

DATA ANALYSIS

Data analytics plays a crucial role in Myntra's operations, allowing the company to optimize its
processes, improve customer experience, increase sales, and enhance product offerings. Myntra,
being a large e-commerce platform, uses a wide range of data analytics techniques, including
customer behavior analysis, sales forecasting, inventory management, personalization, and more.

Tools and Technologies Used

 Myntra uses a combination of advanced tools and technologies to power its data analytics
processes:
 Big Data Platforms: Apache Hadoop, Spark, and similar technologies for processing large
datasets.
 Machine Learning Algorithms: For product recommendations, demand forecasting, and
customer segmentation.
 Business Intelligence (BI) Tools: Tools like Tableau or Power BI for data visualization and
reporting.
 Cloud Computing: Platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Google Cloud to store and
process data at scale.

Comparison Between Myntra and Meesho

Justification:
 Myntra directly sells fashion products to end consumers, while Meesho enables individuals to
become resellers, making it a platform for micro-entrepreneurs looking to sell products through
social media.
 Myntra targets brand-aware shoppers who prioritize style, quality, and convenience, while
Meesho caters to affordability-driven buyers and entrepreneurs who want to start a small online
business with minimal investment.

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Data Analytics Using Python

 Myntra partners with top global brands, ensuring quality assurance and premium offerings.
Meesho, on the other hand, provides cheaper, non-branded products, making it an ideal platform
for budget shoppers and resellers.
 Myntra maintains brand exclusivity and quality assurance, while Meesho focuses on ultra-low
pricing, making it attractive for small businesses and cost-sensitive customers.

Conclusion on Myntra:
Myntra has firmly established itself as one of India’s leading fashion and lifestyle e-commerce
platforms. With a clear focus on offering premium, trendy, and exclusive fashion products, Myntra
appeals particularly to fashion-forward urban consumers who are looking for a wide variety of
clothing, footwear, accessories, and beauty products. The platform's ability to cater to middle to
high-income groups, combined with its curated offerings, designer collaborations, and seasonal sales
events, makes it a strong player in the fashion retail market.

Key strengths of Myntra include:

Curated fashion experience with a focus on premium and exclusive brands.

 Personalized shopping through AI-driven recommendations and features like Myntra Studio.
 User-friendly interface designed to appeal to fashion-conscious shoppers, complete with style
inspiration.
 Customer-friendly return and exchange policies, ensuring convenience for buyers.

Myntra also has some limitations:

 Its product range is focused primarily on fashion, which may not appeal to customers looking
for a broader shopping experience (unlike platforms like Amazon or Flipkart).
 Although Myntra has a strong presence in urban centers, it has room to expand in smaller cities
and rural areas compared to other e-commerce platforms that cater to a wider audience with
more diverse product categories.

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Data Analytics Using Python

CHAPTER-04
Project Description

4.1 Problem Statement

A problem statement in data analytics defines the issue that needs to be solved using data-driven
insights. It includes the business context, problem definition, impact, objectives, and data
considerations. A well-structured problem statement helps guide analysis by clearly outlining the
goal and expected outcome.

4.2 Objectives of the Project

 Identify and Define the Problem

 Collect and Process Data
 Analyze Patterns and Trends
 Make Data-Driven Decisions
 Build Predictive or Prescriptive Models
 Monitor and Evaluate Performance

4.3 Research Methodology

Research Methodology

This study follows a structured data-driven approach to analyze Myntra’s product metrics, including
pricing trends, discounts, customer ratings, and seller performance. The research is conducted using
Python with key libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, Seaborn, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn for data
processing, visualization, and interpretation.

The research begins with data collection and preprocessing, where the dataset is loaded, and missing
values, duplicates, and inconsistencies are handled. Categorical variables, such as seller names, are

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Data Analytics Using Python

converted into numerical representations using Label Encoding for better analysis. Exploratory Data
Analysis (EDA) is then performed to examine data distributions, detect outliers, and identify key
trends.

Various statistical techniques are employed to understand correlations between pricing, discount
percentages, and customer ratings. Data visualization techniques, including bar plots, count plots,
and treemaps, are used to represent trends in product pricing and customer behavior effectively.

By analyzing these key metrics, the study aims to provide insights into how pricing and seller
strategies influence customer preferences. The methodology sets the foundation for further
predictive modeling and optimization strategies to improve business decisions in the e-commerce
domain.

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Data Analytics Using Python

CHAPTER-05
Results and Findings
Univarient:
1. What is the distribution of product prices, and is it skewed towards lower or higher price
range?

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))

sns.barplot(x=df["price"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["price"].value_counts().values[:10],
ax=ax,
palette="coolwarm").set_title("Bar Plot")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

2.How does the MRP of products vary, and are there significant outliers in the data?

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))

sns.barplot(x=df["mrp"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["mrp"].value_counts().values[:10],
ax=ax,
palette="rocket").set_title("Bar Plot")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

3.What is the range of discounts offered on products, and do we observe a higher frequency in
any particular discount range?

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))

sns.barplot(x=df["discount"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["discount"].value_counts().values[:10],
ax=ax,
palette="coolwarm").set_title("Top 10 Discounts")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

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Data Analytics Using Python

4.What is the distribution of product ratings, and do most products have high or low ratings?
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
sns.barplot(x=df["rating"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["rating"].value_counts().values[:10],
ax=ax,
palette="viridis").set_title("Top 10 Ratings")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

5.How many reviews do products typically receive, and is there a skew towards products with
very few or many reviews?
# ⚡ Scatter Plot (Showing Spread of Rating Counts)
sns.scatterplot(x=range(len(df["ratingTotal"].sample(500))),
y=df["ratingTotal"].sample(500), alpha=0.5, color="red").set_title("Scatter Plot: Rating Count
Spread")
plt.show()

6.Which brands have the most products listed on the platform, and are certain brands
dominating the market?
sns.barplot(x=df["seller"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["seller"].value_counts().values[:10],
palette="viridis").set_title("Top 10 Brands by Product Count")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

7.What are the most common product categories, and which ones have the highest number of
listings?
sns.barplot(x=df["seller_encoded"].value_counts().index[:10],
y=df["seller"].value_counts().values[:10],
palette="viridis").set_title("Top 10 Product Categories")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

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Data Analytics Using Python

8.How many different sellers are present in the dataset, and which sellers have the highest
number of products?
df["seller"].value_counts()[:5].plot(kind="pie", autopct="%1.1f%%",
colors=sns.color_palette("plasma", 5), figsize=(8,8), title="Market Share of Top 5 Sellers",
ylabel="")
plt.show()

9.What are the most common colors for products, and do certain colors dominate the fashion
trends?
df["name"].value_counts()[:5].plot(kind="pie", autopct="%1.1f%%",
colors=sns.color_palette("pastel"), figsize=(8,8), title="Top 5 Most Common Colors", ylabel="")
plt.show()

10"What is the distribution of discounts across products, and do most products fall into a
specific discount range?"
df.nlargest(10, "discount").plot(kind="bar", x="name", y="discount",
color=sns.color_palette("coolwarm"), edgecolor="black", figsize=(12,5), title="Top 10 Most
Discounted Products")
plt.show()

Bi- Varient
1.Do higher-priced products receive higher discounts, or are discounts more common in mid-
range products?
avg_discount = df.groupby(pd.qcut(df["mrp"], q=10))["discount"].mean()
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
avg_discount.plot(kind="line", marker="o", color="green", ax=ax)
ax.set_title("Line Plot: Average Discount Across Price Ranges")
ax.set_xlabel("Price Range (Quantiles)")
ax.set_ylabel("Average Discount (%)")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

2.Is there a correlation between product ratings and price? Do expensive products have better
ratings?
avg_rating = df.groupby(pd.qcut(df["mrp"], q=10))["rating"].mean()
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))

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Data Analytics Using Python

avg_rating.plot(kind="line", marker="o", color="green", ax=ax)

ax.set_title("Line Plot: Average Rating Across Price Ranges")
ax.set_xlabel("Price Range (Quantiles)")
ax.set_ylabel("Average Rating")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

3.Do highly-rated products receive more discounts compared to lower-rated ones?

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
avg_discount = df.groupby("rating")["discount"].mean()
sns.barplot(x=avg_discount.index, y=avg_discount.values, palette="coolwarm", ax=ax)
ax.set_title("Bar Graph: Average Discount by Rating")
ax.set_xlabel("Rating")
ax.set_ylabel("Average Discount (%)")
plt.show()

4.Question: Do more popular products (higher rating counts) tend to be priced higher?
sns.heatmap(df[["rating", "mrp"]].corr(), annot=True, cmap="coolwarm",
fmt=".2f").set(title="Heatmap: Rating vs. Price Correlation"); plt.show()

5.Are products with more reviews more likely to receive discounts?

df.groupby("price_range")["discount"].mean().plot(kind="bar", stacked=True, colormap="plasma",
figsize=(8,5), edgecolor="black", alpha=0.8, title="Stacked Plot: Discount by Price Range");
plt.show()

Multi- varient
1. How do discount percentage, price, and rating interact? (Scatter Plot: Discount vs. Price,
colored by Rating)
import seaborn as sns; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="Discount",
y="Price", hue="Rating", palette="viridis"); plt.show()

2.Do sellers with a higher number of products tend to offer bigger discounts and receive
higher ratings? (Bubble Chart: Seller vs. Discount, sized by Product Count, colored by Avg
Rating)
import seaborn as sns; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="Seller",
y="Discount", size="Product_Count", hue="Avg_Rating", palette="viridis", sizes=(20, 500),
edgecolor="w", alpha=0.7, legend=True); plt.xticks(rotation=90); plt.tight_layout(); plt.show()

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Data Analytics Using Python

4. How does the relationship between discount and rating vary across different sellers? (Box
Plot: Discount vs. Rating, grouped by Seller)

import seaborn as sns; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; sns.boxplot(data=df, x="Seller",

y="Discount", hue="Rating", palette="viridis"); plt.xticks(rotation=90); plt.tight_layout();
plt.show()

5.Does the number of ratings (popularity) impact the rating for different discount levels?
(Heatmap: RatingTotal vs. Discount, colored by Avg Rating)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; plt.hist(df["Avg_Rating"], bins=10, color="purple",

edgecolor="black", alpha=0.7); plt.xlabel("Avg Rating"); plt.ylabel("Frequency");
plt.title("Distribution of Avg Ratings"); plt.show()

Business Report: Myntra Product Analysis

1. Project Description & Problem Statement:Myntra, one of India's leading online fashion
retailers, has a vast product catalog spanning multiple categories. Understanding pricing trends,
discount patterns, and seller performance is crucial for brands and sellers to optimize their strategies.
This report aims to analyze Myntra’s product data to identify key insights that can improve pricing
strategies, enhance customer engagement, and maximize sales. The primary problem statement is:

“How can brands and sellers leverage data-driven insights to optimize product pricing, discounting,
and sales performance on Myntra?”

2. Pricing Trends:The average selling price is ₹1,538, while the average MRP is ₹2,666,
indicating a significant discounting strategy.The highest-priced product is ₹2,57,500, while the
lowest-priced product is ₹25. 50% of the products are priced below ₹809, and 75% below ₹1,497.

3. Discount Analysis:The average discount across products is ₹147.

Some of the highest-discounted products include:Gold-Plated Jewellery Sets – Discounted by

₹19,996,Ready-to-Wear Lehengas – Discounted by ₹18,501,Top brands offering high discounts
include:SAPTRANGI – Avg. discount of ₹10,127,Fire-Boltt – Avg. discount of ₹9,489SANDED
EDGE – Avg. discount of ₹6,745

1. Top-Rated Products

Products with the highest customer ratings (4.7 stars) include:Ponds Super Light Gel Moisturizer –
2,400 reviews,KAMA AYURVEDA Sustain Pure Rose Water – 1,600 reviewsForest Essentials
Saffron Facial Cleanser – 1,100 reviews

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Data Analytics Using Python

5. Seller Performance

The top 5 sellers based on the number of products listed:Roadster – 10,594 products,H&M – 6,649
products,Puma – 6,525 products,max – 6,457 products,Anouk – 6,078 products,The sellers offering
the highest average discounts:SAPTRANGI – Avg. discount of ₹10,127,Fire-Boltt – Avg. discount
of ₹9,489

6. Conclusion

The analysis highlights that Myntra has a strong discounting strategy, with significant price
reductions across categories. Popular brands such as Roadster, H&M, and Puma dominate in terms
of product listings, while beauty and apparel products receive high customer ratings. High-discount
sellers such as SAPTRANGI and Fire-Boltt indicate competitive pricing tactics in certain categories.

This data can help brands optimize pricing, improve product listings, and enhance customer
engagement strategies.

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Data Analytics Using Python

CHAPTER-06
Challenges and Limitations
 Data Quality and Cleaning
 Visualization Constraints
 Integration with External Data
 Bias in Dataset
 Limited Scope of Analysis
 No Real-Time Pipeline

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CHAPTER-07
Conclusion and Future Scope
In this project, extensive preprocessing of the dataset was carried out under the mentor’s guidance to
ensure data accuracy and consistency. Data cleaning and duplicate detection were performed to
remove redundant seller names, ensuring uniformity and reliability. Seller performance analysis was
conducted to identify the most frequent sellers and examine their product distribution patterns. The
pricing and discount patterns were studied to understand how discounts influence the final selling
price compared to MRP, providing valuable insights into pricing strategies. Customer rating insights
were analyzed to determine high-performing products based on user feedback and reviews.
Additionally, market trends and brand popularity were assessed by evaluating ratings and pricing
strategies to identify the most sought-after brands and products.

Future Enhancements
Advanced Price Prediction Models – Implement machine learning models to predict the best price
for a product based on historical trends.
Sentiment Analysis – Incorporate customer reviews to analyze sentiments and understand product
performance beyond ratings.
Competitor Analysis – Compare Myntra’s pricing and discount strategies with competitors to gain a
competitive edge.
Sales Forecasting – Use time-series forecasting models to predict future sales trends.
Personalized Recommendations – Develop recommendation systems using collaborative filtering or
deep learning for better user engagement.
Conclusion:
This project successfully explored Myntra’s product dataset, focusing on various attributes like
price, MRP, ratings, discounts, and sellers. Through exploratory data analysis (EDA), we identified
trends in product pricing, customer ratings, and discount strategies. The dataset highlights how
different sellers price their products, the impact of discounts on final prices, and how customer
ratings influence product popularity.

Key findings include:

A significant variation in discounts across products, influencing their final price.
A correlation between higher ratings and product popularity, suggesting that customer feedback
plays a crucial role in sales.
Certain sellers dominate the platform in terms of product offerings and rating count, which can
influence market dynamics.
This analysis provides valuable insights for e-commerce platforms, helping businesses optimize
pricing, enhance seller performance, and improve customer satisfaction. The study also lays the
foundation for further data-driven decision-making in the online retail sector.

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CHAPTER-08
References
https://www.myntra.com/matrix

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-escalation-matrix-for-complaints-at-myntra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myntra

https://tracxn.com/d/companies/myntra/
__uORIKF3v64XyLlxCGMR75w_p_V_E8pOYgaL7Hcc3_AY

Pandas – https://pandas.pydata.org/

 For data cleaning, manipulation, and analysis.

Seaborn / Matplotlib – https://seaborn.pydata.org/

 For statistical visualization.

Scikit-learn – https://scikit-learn.org/

 For clustering, classification, or regression modeling.

Plotly / Dash – https://plotly.com/

 For creating interactive dashboards.

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