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Chap 4 A

This document covers Chapter 4 of a chemical reaction engineering video series, focusing on applying algorithms to different reactor types such as CSTR, batch reactors, and PFR. It discusses rate laws, stoichiometry, and provides examples of isothermal reactor design, including calculations for equilibrium conversion. The chapter also includes practical examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts presented.

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1 views22 pages

Chap 4 A

This document covers Chapter 4 of a chemical reaction engineering video series, focusing on applying algorithms to different reactor types such as CSTR, batch reactors, and PFR. It discusses rate laws, stoichiometry, and provides examples of isothermal reactor design, including calculations for equilibrium conversion. The chapter also includes practical examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

gimlet40291
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Reaction

Engineering

Asynchronous Video Series

Chapter 4, Part 1:
• Applying the Algorithm to a CSTR
• Applying the Algorithm to a Batch
Reactor, CSTR, and PFR
• Calculating the Equilibrium Conversion

Chia-Hung Su, Ph.D.


Summary
At the start of the chapter we saw we needed -rA=f(X). This
result is achieved in two steps.

1. Rate Laws
– -rA=k f(Ci)
– 1st order A--> B or 1st order
 CB 
-rA=kCA rA  k C A  

 KC 

– 2nd order A+B --> C
-rA=kACACB
– Rate laws are found by experiment

2. Stoichiometry
– Liquid: C A  C A 0 1 X 
C A 0 1 X  P T0
– Gas: CA 
1 X  P0 T
FT P T0
C A  CT 0
FT 0 P0 T
4.1 Design of isothermal reaction
French Menu Analogy
Example: The elementary gas phase reaction takes
place in a CSTR at constant temperature (500 K) and
constant pressure (16.4 atm). The feed is equal molar in A
and B.
Mole Balance:
Rate Law:
Stoichiometry: gas phase, isothermal (T=T0), no pressure
drop (P=P0)
French Menu Analogy
Deriving CA and CB:
Remember the French Menu reaction:

For a gas phase system:

If the conditions are isothermal (T = T0) and isobaric (P =P0):

We must divide by the stoichiometric coefficient of our basis


of calculation yielding:

And if the feed is equal molar, then:


French Menu Analogy
Deriving CA and CB:
This leaves us with CA as a function of conversion alone:

Similarly for CB: FB0  F A0


Therefore,  B 1
French Menu Analogy
Example: The elementary gas phase reaction takes
place in a CSTR at constant temperature (500 K) and
constant pressure (16.4 atm). The feed is equal molar in A
and B.
Mole Balance:
Rate Law:
Stoichiometry: gas phase, isothermal (T=T0), no pressure
drop (P=P0)

[Why do you think CB is constant, when B is consumed?]

Combine:

known
Evaluate:
Using the Algorithm for
Isothermal Reactor Design

• Now we apply the algorithm to the reaction below


occurring in a Batch Reactor, CSTR, and PFR.

Gas Phase Elementary Reaction Additional Information

only A fed P0 = 8.2 atm

T0 = 500 K
3
CA0 = 0.2 mol/dm

3 3
k = 0.5 dm/mol-s v0 = 2.5 dm /s
Isothermal Reactor Design
Batch CSTR PFR

Mole Balance:

Rate Law:

Stoichiometry: Gas: V = V0 Gas: T =T0, P =P0 Gas: T = T0, P = P0


v  v 0 1  X  0  v 0 1  X 
(e.g., constant volume P T
steel container) P T0
Flow
Batch Per Mole of A: Per Mole of A:
V=V0
Isothermal Reactor Design
Batch CSTR PFR

Stoichiometry (continued):

 1   1 
FA 0  X FA 0  X
F  2  F  2 
CB  B  CB  B 
v v 0 1 X  v v 0 1 X 

Combine:

需要積分表

Integrate:

Batch CSTR PFR


Evaluate:

For X=0.9:
Example 4-1
The water in reaction is usually present in excess, its
concentration may be considered constant during the course
of the reaction. The reaction is first-order in ethylene oxide.

In the lab experiment, 500 mL of a 2 M solution of ethylene


oxide in water was mixed with 500 mL of water containing
0.9 wt% sulfuric acid. The concentration of ethylene glycol
was recorded as a function of time. Please determine the rate
constant k at the given temperature.
Example 4-1 (solution)
4.3.1 Design of single CSTR
4.3.2 CSTR in series
4.3.2 CSTR in parallel
Example 4-2
4.4 PFR (liquid pahse rxn)
4.4 PFR (gas pahse rxn)

Ling residence time

Short residence time


Appendix
Example 4-3

Data information:
-rA = k CA with k=0.072 s-1 at 1000 K
The activation energy is 82 kcal/g mol
Example 1
Reversible Reaction, Constant Volume
Determine Xe for a batch system with constant volume, V=V0

Reaction:

CA0 = 0.2 mol/dm3


Additional Information:
KC = 100 dm3/mol

C Be
KC 
C2Ae

For constant volume: C Ae  C A0 1 Xe 


C X
C Be  A0 e
2

Solving for the equilibrium conversion:

Xe = 0.83
Example 2
Reversible Reaction, Variable Volumetric Flow Rate
Determine Xe for a PFR with no pressure drop, P=P0

Given: The system is gas phase and isothermal.


Find: The reactor volume when X=0.8Xe

Reaction:

CA0 = 0.2 mol/dm3 k = 2 dm3/mol-min


Additional Information:
KC = 100 dm3/mol FA0 = 5 mol/min

C Be
First Calculate Xe: KC 
C 2Ae
1 Xe 
C Ae  C A0
1  X e 
C A0 X e
C Be 
2 1 Xe 

A B
2
  y A0  11 2 1   1 2

Solving for Xe:


Xe = 0.89 (vs. Xe= 0.83 in Example 1)
X = 0.8Xe = 0.711

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