COMPUTER

 The computer is the system of that electronic device 2. Central processing unit–CPU.
through which various informations are processed on the 3. External Memory unit.
basis of a definite set of instructions called program and 4. Output unit.
mathematical (numerical) and non-mathematical both types  The CPU of the computer is called brain of the computer
of informations are processed. and sometimes CPU is also called Micro Processor of the
 The first mechanical computer was composed or fabricated computer.
by Blaise Pascal in 1642 and it is called Pascalene.  The data is entered through the input unit in the computer
 But in 1833, Charles Babbage first time conceived an and through the central processing unit with the help of
automatic calculator or computer. External Memory Unit datas are arranged and processed.
 Charles Babbage is called the father of modern computer.  Ultimately by the output unit these datas or informations
 Herman made an electronic tabulating machine based on are issued or released.
punch cards which operates automatically.
PARTS OF COMPUTER
 In 1937, first mechanical computer Mark-I was fabricated  Monitor : The monitor of the computer is like a television
by Howard Akeen. in which the picture appears in the form of doted points
 The most outstanding contribution in the development of on the screen and these are called pixels.
modern computer goes to John Wan Newmaan who  Hard Disc and Floppy Disc : The Hard Disc is the
brought the 2nd revolution in the area of computer in permanent disc in the computers while the Floppy Disc
1951. is the disc utilised when datas or informations are to be
 He discovered EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable transferred from one computer to another.
Automatic Computer) and utilised the stored program and  Mouse : The mouse of the computer is like the remote
the binary number system in the computer. control of TV through which computer is directly regulated
or controlled without utilising the key-board.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER
 Printer : The printer is a device which prints any documents
 1. Collection and composition (input) of datas; or processed informations of the computer.
2. Storage of datas.
3. Processing of datas. SOME HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES
4. Retrieval or output of the proccessed informations and 1. FORTRAN : This language was developed for solving
datas. the mathematical formulae very quickly and
conveniently.
UNITS OF COMPUTER 2. COBOL : This language was developed for the
1. Input unit. commerical purposes. For the processing of this
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language a group of sentences is selected called  By WAN all the comptuers of a large area are connected
paragraph and all paragraphs composed are called a like the computers of all the offices of a city or town etc.
section, while all sections composed are called a  In India a very large computer network namely INDONET
division. has been installing through which all the main towns and
3. BASIC : In basic a definite part of the prescribed cities has to be interlinked.
instruction is only inserted in the computer.
COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
4. ALGOL : This was basically fabricated and designed
for the complex algebraic calculations.  Bit : The bit is a unit of measurement of the electronic
data. One bit is either 0 or 1 but not both. On composing
5. PASCAL : It is an amplified and modified form of
8 bits, 1 byte is formed.
ALGOL.
 Bug : The Bug is the error in the computer program or
6. COMAL : This computer language is used for the
system and its eradication is called Debug.
students of secondary level.
 Byte : Total eight bits compose a byte. Thus 8 bits = 1
7. LOGO : This language is used for children and kids
byte.
for drawing Graphic line diagrams.
 CD-ROM : A CD like of music CD in which data can be
8. PROLOG : This language is developed in 1973 in stored substantially called CD-ROM. In a CD with
France and is used for Artificial Intelligence which is comparison to floppy extremely more datas can be stored
capable and equivalent to the logical program. but one problem in it is that one time recorded data can
9. FORTH : This language was invented by Charles not be deleted or modified.
Mure which is frequently used in all types of the  Chip : It is a thin slice on which by a special mechanism
works in the computer. a circuit is designed which is normally made from Silicon.
COMPUTER VIRUS  Memory System : The place where computer data and
program are temporarily kept is called Memory system.
 The computer virus is an electronic code which is used
Usually memory is implied from RAM.
to abolish or erradicate the inclusive informations or
programs of the computer.  Modem : The device which converts digital signals into
analogue signals and vice-versa is called Modem.
 Some important computer viruses are Micheleanjalo, Dork
Avangor, kilo, filip, Macmug, Scores, Casecade, Jeruslem,  RAM : It is Random Access Memory (a place) where
Date crime, Coloumbs crime, Internet virus, Pachcom, datas to be processed are kept temporarily and it is unstable
memory.
Pach EXE, COM-EXE, Marizuana, C-brain, bloody,
Chenge Mungu and Desi etc.  ROM : It is Read Only Memory and it is stable or Non-
valatile memory which doesn't ended after power off.
COMPUTER NETWORKING  Scanner : It is a device through which graphic image is
 There are two types of networkings which are usually transformed to digital image and the scanners are of
occur—Local Area Networking (LAN) and Wide Area usually two types one desktop and another hand operating.
Networking (WAN).
PROGRAMING
 Computers perform phenomenal feats of calculation, but
they do not do so in a complicated way.
 They actually carry out very simple operations, such as
addition and subtraction.
 They achieve their fantastic computing power by carrying
out these operations at incredible speed.
 The programme, or set of instructions for operating the
computer, is therefore written as a sequence of very simple
steps.
Several computer languages have been developed for
different applications, including BASIC, COBOL,
FORTRAN and PASCAL. Writing programmes is very
 By LAN all the computers of the same buildings are skilled and time-consuming work.
connected like the computers of university premises,  But for most typical computer applications ready-written
computers of offices etc. programmes are available, called “packages”.