s p d

X+ 5
1

X+ X
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 4

-
- -
-
X -
-

- Periyodik sistemde,
-

Periyodik sistemde,

O5 O5
-

O O 1

Periyodik sistemde -
-

11. SINIF 11. SINIF

gaz
 Po

Hacim (V) Hacim (V)

Hg h
V2 (P, n sabit)
Px = Po + h Hacim (V)
V1
X(g) V1
0 T1 T2 -273 0 °C)

V2 X(g)

Px = Po - h

h Hg

Hacim (V)
Po
P2 (V, n sabit)
X(g) Hg P1

Po Px = Po 0 T1 T2 -273 0 °C)
V3 h

(P ve T sbt)
He(g) He(g)
CH (g) CH (g)

V = sbt P = sbt

4 4

He(g) He(g)

He(g) He(g)
 Serbest piston
Cam balon

He(g) Ne(g) P

P V
V
 P.V
R.T

3,0

200 K
2,0

1,0
ideal gaz
P (atm)
0 300 600 900

P.V
R.T

2,0

1,5
H2
25 ºC
He
1,0
CO ideal gaz
CH4
H O(g) 0,8
NH3
P (atm)
0 200 400 600 800 1000

H O(s)

H O(g)

H O(s)
Hacim (V)
 Saf
Çözücü

Y
zar

ºC)

25

Saf
0 Çözücü

Y
zar

30 g KNO 100 g H O

40 g KNO 100 g H O 4 g KNO

Azot
1,5
Helyum
1,0
500
450 0,5
400
350 0
0 0,5 1,0
300
250
200 Çözünürlük
150 gaz
100
NaCI
50
ºC)
0 20 40 60 80 100

O)

10 NO
O
8 CO
CH
6 N

ºC)
0 10 20 30 40
 Potansiyel
enerji (kJ/mol)

E
Eag
H1

H
H2

Tepkime

Potansiyel
enerji (kJ/mol)

Eag
E

H2
H
H1

Tepkime
 PE (kJ)
CO(g) + 1/2O2(g)
C(k) + 1/2O2(g)
0
H= -110,5 kJ

-110,5
H= -393,5 kJ H= -283 kJ
CO2(g)
-393,5

TK
 Eai
Ea>0
Eag
Hr
H
Hü
CO Tepkime

B
5
2 C
3
4
A 6
1
Tepkime
5
SO (g)
4
CI (g)
3
SO CI (g)
1
0 Zaman
t

N2(g)
H2(g) M
NH3(g)

V, T sbt
 Serbest
Piston
N2(g)
H2(g) M
NH3(g)
IA VIIIA
IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
Enerji
 5
4 3
3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3

4
3
3
4

6 5 4 3 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6

6 5 4 3
3 4 5 6

6 5 4 3 3 5 4 3

6 5 4 3
 3 4 5 4 3
6
4
5
5 3
4
3

3 4
3 4 5

6
5
3
4
3
5 4 3
4 3 3 4 5

5 6 5 4 3

4 3

5,6

3
3 4
4
 2 3 4 6 5 4 3 2

2 3 4 5 4 3 2

3 2 3 2
3 2 2
5
3 5 6 4
4
3
2
2 3 4

7 6 5 4 3 2

4 3 2

5 4 3 2

5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2

4
2 2
3 6
3 5
4
5 4 3 2

5 4 3 2