MATHS CLASS EXAMPLES/EXERCISES 23/24

SESSION

SET AND SET OPERATIONS

(Ehh don set for wonna)
1. Write the set of letters of the following Words in Roster Form.
a. MATHEMATICS
b. OUAGADOUGO

2. Which of the Following are sets?

i. Collection of Prime Numbers Up to 100
ii. Collection of Rich people in Maiduguri
iii. Collection of all Rivers in Nigeria
iv. Collection of all Intelligent students in MB1 class.

3. Consider the Following sets.

A= {0,3,5,8}
B= {2,4,6…10}
C= {12,14,18,20}
a. State whether True or False
i. 18∈C ii. 6 ∉A iii. 14∉C iv. 10∈B v. 5∈B vi. 0∈B
b. Fill in the Blank
i. 18__B ii.3__A iii. 4__B iv.14__C

4. Represent the following sets in Roster Form.

i. Set of all Even Natural numbers less-than 20
�
ii. B={ y:y= �� ; n∈N, n ≤ 5}
iii. C={x:x is a perfect cube ;27< x< 216}
iv. D={ x:x∈Z; -5< x ≤ 2}

5. Represent the following in set builder form.

i. B={ Set of all Female students who scored 4 distinctions in 2023/2024}
1 2 3 4
ii. C={2, 3, 4, ,…}
5
iii. D={ Set of all odd whole numbers < 9}

6. Representing the following in descriptive form.

i. P={Jan,June, July}
ii. C={7,11,13,17,23}
iii. D={x:x is a consonant in English alphabet}
7. Which type of set those the following sets belong to?
i. A={ x:x is an odd integer divisible b 2}
ii. Set of all integers between 1 and 2
iii. D={x∈R; x2 + 1=0}
iv. C={x;3 < x< 5 ; x∈N }
v. The set of Family Members
vi. The Set of Courses you learn in MB 1
vii. B={ x:x is a factor of 36}
viii. A set of Whole numbers
ix. A set of all points on a line
x. B={ x:-2≤ x< 0 ; x∈R}

8. Considering
a. A={ x:x is a letter in the word “MATHEMATICS”}
b. B={ 1, b,{b}, {2,4},{x,y,z},d,{d}}

Then Find i. n(A) or |A| and ii. n(B) or |B|

9. Considering the following sets, state whether sets are Equal, Equivalent or
neither. Using the proper Notation.
a. i. A={x:x is a color of the Nigerian National flag} ii. C={y:y is the color of the
Japanese National Flag}

b. i. X={ Rice, Beans} ii. Y={ Bag,Slice, Cap}

c. B={1,2,3} and D={x:x is factor of six(6)}

10. IfD={ x:x is prime number , x∈B} and E={ x:x is an even number,x∈N}, state
whether D and E are overlapping or Disjoint sets

11. If A={2,3}, then find the Subsets of A and the Power set of A

12. If B={Φ,{Φ}}, what is n(P(B)), the Subsets of B and also the elements in P(B).

13. Given A={a,b,c,x,y,z}. find the number of Subsets and number of Proper Subset of
A

14. Find the Cardinal Number of the Following sets.

i. P={x:x=3n +2, n∈N and n<5}
ii. Q={x:x∈Z and -5≤ x< 5}
iii. The set of Leap Years between 1882 and 1906

15. Identify the following sets as Finite or Infinite sets.

i. The set of all states in Nigeria
ii. The set of all straight lines passing through a point
iii. C={ x:x∈R, -2≤ x≤ 0 }
iv. M={x:x∈Z and x<5 }

16. Which of the following are equal,equivalent or unequal sets?

i. A= {the set of letters in English alphabets} and B={the set of letters in the
word “VOWEL”}
ii. C={ 2,3,4,5} and D={x:x∈W, 1< x< 5}
iii. X={x:x is a prime number and 3< x< 23} and H={y:y is a divisor of 18}
iv. Q= {l,i,f,e} and P= {f,i,l,e}

17. Identify the following sets as Null or Singleton Set.

i. A={x:x∈N ; 1< x< 2}
ii.B={ The set of all even Natural numbers which are not divisible by 2}
iii. C={0}
iv. The set of quadrilateral having three sides
v.D={x:x∈R ; x2 +1=0}

18. Which of the following sets are disjoint or Overlapping sets?

i. A={p,i,a,s} and B={a,n,f,h,s}
ii.C={x:x is a prime number x>2 } and D={x:x is an Even Prime number}
iii. E={x:x is a factor of 24}
iv. P={x:x is a multiple of 3, x<30}

19. If S={Square, rectangle, Circle, Rhombus, Triangle}, list the

a. The set of Shapes with 4 equal sides
b.The set of Shapes that have radius
c. The set of shapes in which the sum of all interior angles is 1800
d. The set of Shapes with five sides

20. If A={a,{a,b}} find the subsets of A

21. Write down the power set of the following sets.

i. B={1,2,3} ii. D={ p,q,r,s } iii. E=Φ

22. Find the Number of Subsets and Number of Proper Subsets of the following sets.
i. W={ red,blue,yellow } ii. X={x2 : x∈N ; x2 ≤100}

23. If n(A)=4, find n(P(A))

24. Given that n(B)=0, find n(P(B))

25. If n(P(C))=256, find n(C )

26. Given that that U={x:x∈N} X={ x:x is an odd Number ; x∈N } and Y={x:x is an
even number; x∈N }, find X∪Y and X∩Y

27. Let P={x:x∈R, -2 ≤ x < 0} and Q={x:x∈R, 0 ≤ x < 5}, find P∪Q and P∩Q

28. If P={m,n} and Q={m,i,j} represent the P∪Q in a Venn diagram.

29. Let A={x:x is an even Natural Number, 1< x≤ 12} and B={x:x is a multiple of
3 ,x∈N and x≤ 12}
Find i. A∪B and ii. A∩B

30. If A={x:x2 +1=0 ;x∈R} and B={x:x2-1=0 ;x∈R}. find A∩B

31. Let A={x:x∈R ;-2< x≤ 5} and B={x:x∈R ; -4≤ x< 4}

32. If A={-3,-2,1,4} and B={0,1,2,4}. find A-B and B-A

33. Let A={x:x∈R,-2< x≤ 5} and B={x:x∈R,-4 ≤ x< 4}. find A-B and B-A

34. If A={6,7,8,9} and B={8,10,12}. find A∆B

35. Let A={x:x∈R,-2< x≤ 5} and B={x:x∈R,-4 ≤ x< 4}. find A∆B

36. From the Venn diagram below, write the elements of i. A ii. B iii. A-B iv.
B-A v. A’ vi. B’ vii. U
U
A B
e b
a
i o
c
u
g
d

37. Let A and B be Overlapping sets and the universal or U.

Draw appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following
i. (A∩B)’ ii. (B-A)’ iii. A’∪B' iv. A’∩B'
 −1 1 3 1 3 5 −1 1 5
38. If A={ ,0, , , 2} , B={0, , , 2, } and C={ , ,1, 2, }. Then verify the
2 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 2
following
i. A∪(B∪C)=(A∪B)∪C ii. A∩(B∩C)=(A∩B)∩C

39. Let A,B and C be overlapping sets and A={2,3}, B={3,4} and C={2,4}. hence prove
whether A-(B-C)=(A-B)-C is true, and state whether the associative property of
Difference Sets holds for these set of Sets.

40. If A,B and C be overlapping sets and A={2,3}, B={4,5} and C={6,7}. Then Verify
whether A-(B-C)=(A-B)-C is true, and state whether the associative property of
Difference of sets holds for these set of Sets.

41. If A={0,2,4,6,8} , B={x:x is a prime number and x<11} and C={x:x∈N and 5≤ x< 9}.
Hence Verify that:
A∪(B∩C)=(A∪B)∩(A∪C) and Also use Venn diagram to verify the claim.

42. Verify Using Venn diagram A∩(B∪C)=(A∩B)∪(A∩C)

43. If A={x:x=2n,n∈W and n<4} , B={x:x=2n, n∈N and n≤ 4} and C={0,1,2,5,6}. then
Verify there association property of intersection of sets. A∩(B∩C)=(A∩B)∩C

44. Use Venn diagram to verify A-(B∪C)=(A-B)∩(A-C)

45. If P={x:x∈W and 0< x< 10} , Q={x:x=2n+1, n∈W and n<5 } and R={2,3,5,7,11,13}.
verify that P-(Q∩R)=(P-Q)∪(P-R)

46. Let U={x:x∈Z, -2≤ x ≤ 10} , A={x:x=2p+1, p∈Z , -1≤ p ≤ 4} and B={x:x=3q+1,q∈Z,
-1≤ q< 4}, Verify DE Morgan's law of complementation (A∪B)’=A’∩B’ and also
(A∩B)’= A’∪B’

47. Verify using Venn diagram that (A∪B)’=A’∩B’ and also (A∩B)’= A’∪B’

�+� ��−� −1 3
48. If A={y:y= , a∈W and a≤5} , B={y:y= , n∈W. and n<5} and C={-1, 2 ,1, 2, 2}
� �
Then show that A-(B∪C)=(A-B)∩(A-C).

49. From the Venn diagram below verify that n(A∪B)= n(A) + n(B) - n(A∩B

A B
30
5 10
40
15 20
50
50. If n(A)=36 , n(B)=10 , n(A∪B)=40 , n(A’)=27. find n(U) and n(A∩B)

51. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Cardinal numbers.

S/N n(A) n(B) n(A∪B) n(A∩B) n(A-B) n(B-A)
1. 30 45 65 10 20 35
2. 20 55 10 10
3. 50 65 25
4. 30 43 90

52. In a school all Students Play either Hockey or Cricket or Both. 300 play
Hockey , 250 play Cricket and 110 play both games.
Find.
i. The number students who play only hockey
ii.The number of students who play only cricket
iii. Total number of students in the School.

53. In a party of 45 people, each like Tea or Coffee or both. 35 people likes Tea and
20 people like coffee. Find the number of people who;
i. Like both Tea and coffee
ii. Donot like Tea
iii. Donot like coffee.

54. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned Car A and 200 owned Car B, 50
own both car A and B, is the data correct?

55. In a College, 240 students play Crickets, 180 play Football, 164 students play
Hockey, 40 play both Cricket and Hockey, 42 play both Cricket and Football, 38
play both football and Hockey and 16 plays all Three games.
If each student participate in at least one game, then Find;
i. Total number of students in the college
ii. The number of students who play only one game

� � �
56. In a residential area with 600 families
�
owns Scooter, � owns Car, � owns
Bicycle, 120 families owns Scooter and Car , 86 owns Car and Bicycle, while 90
�
families owns Scooter and Bicycle, if �� of the families owns all three types of
Vehicle, Then find;
i. The Number of families who own at-least two of types of Vehicle
ii. The number of families who owns no vehicle.
57. A survey was conducted among 200 magazine subscribers of three different
magazines A,B and C. it was found that 75 members don't subscribe to Magazine A,
100 members don’t subscribe to magazine B, while 50 members don’t subscribe to
Magazine C, and 125 subscribes to at least two of the three magazines.
Find the following;
i. The number of those who subscribes to exactly two magazines
ii. The number of those who subscribes to only one magazine

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
[ no worry you sef go do induction soon]
�(�+�)
58. Using mathematical induction method, prove that, 1+2+3+…+n= for
�
n∈N.

59. By the method of mathematical induction, prove that

�(�+�)(��+�)
12+22+32+…+n2= for n∈N.
�

60. Using the principle of mathematical induction, prove that,

4+8+12+…+4n=2n(n+1) for every n∈Z+.

61. Prove using Mathematical induction that 2n>n, for any n∈N.

��(�+�)
62. Prove that, Sn= for the sequence an=5n where n is any positive integer.
�

�� −�
63. Prove that Sn= for the given sequence an=4n-1 for every n∈N.
�

64. Prove that for all integers n the number (32n-1) is divisible by 8.

�(��+�)
65. Using Mathematical induction to prove that, Sn= for the sequence
�
an=3n-1

66. Use mathematical induction to prove that the statement of (6n-1) is divisible by
5.

67. By the principle of mathematical induction; prove for n≥ 1.

�(�+�)(�+�)
1x2+2x3+3x4+….+n(n+1)=
�
 SEQUENCE AND SERIES
68. Find the sum of the first 15terms of the A.P; 8, 7, ¼, 6, ½, 5, ¾, …

69. Find the sum of the terms; 0.4, 0.43, 0.46, …. ,1

70. How many terms of the series 1, 5, 9, … must be taken so that their sum is 190
degrees

71. The 13th term of an AP is 3 and the sum of the first 13th terms is 234, find the
common difference and the sum of the first 21st terms.

��� ��
72. In an AP the sum of the first n terms is ( + ) find the 17th term.
� �

73. The sum of n, 2n and 3n terms of an AP are �� , �� and �� respectively, prove

that S3=3(S2-S1).

74. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 300 and 600 which are divisible by
7.

75. Aisha wishes to buy a laptop. She can buy it by paying ₦40,000 cash or by giving
it in 10 installments as ₦4,800 In the 1st month, ₦4,750 in the second month, ₦4,700
in the third month, and so on, if she pays the money in this fashion, find
i. The total amount paid in ten installments
ii. How much extra amount does she have to pay than the actual cost.

�−� ��−�� ��−��

76. Find the sum + + +…. + 12th term.
�+� �+� �+�

77. Which of the following sequence form a Geometric progression?

i. ½, 1, 2, 4
ii. 5, 25, 50, 75

78. Find the Geometric Progression whose first term is Given by a=-7 and r=6.

79. Find the 8th term of the Geometric Progression 9, 3, 1

� ��
80. In a Geometric Progression the 4th term is and the find the Geometric
� ���
Progression
81. The product of three consecutive terms of a Geometric progression is 343 and
��
the sum is �
find the three terms.

82. Find x so that; x+16, x+12 and x+15 are consecutive terms of a Geometric
Progression.

83. Ahmed is attending an interview for a Job and the company gave two offers to
him. Offer A- ₦20,000 to start with, followed by a guarantee annual increase of 6%
for the first five years, Offer B- ₦22,000 to start with followed by a guaranteed
annual increase of 3% for the first five years, what will be the salary in the 4th year
with respect to salary A and B.

84. If A, B and C are three consecutive terms of an AP, and X, Y and Z are three
consecutive terms of a GP. Prove that Xb-c x Yc-a x Za-b =1

BINOMIAL THEOREM/ EXPANSION

85. Expand (2x+3y)5 using binomial theorem.

86. Using Binomial theorem, evaluate (101)5

� 5
87. Expand (x2 + ) using binomial theorem.
��

� 10
88. Find the fifth term in the expansion of (x - )
��

� 10
89. Find the middle term in the expansion of (x - )
��

� �
90. Find the middle term in the expansion of ( + )9
� �

91. Evaluate (98)4 Using Binomial theorem.

92. Find the coefficient �� in the expansion of (3+2x)10

93. Expand ��� − � (� − �� 4

+ ��� + � (� − �� 4

FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS

 ( your limit pass this course (¬‿ ¬))
94. What is the Domain and range of Absolute Value function?.

95. If R is the domain of Identity function,what is the Range of this function?

96. What is the Range and Domain of Sign-um function?

97. What is the Domain and range of Step function?.

98. List the types of Step Function and state their Range and Domain.

99. Write out clearly the Domain and Range of Exponential and Logarithmic
Function.

��−��
100. Evaluate �(�)= , where x→-4, and state the domain of the function.
�+�

�
101. Show whether this Limit exist ���
�→� �

102. Classify the following as Odd or Even function or Neither.

i. f x = �2 − 3�4
ii. f � = cos �
iii. f x = 3�3 + 2�
iv. f x = 3�2 + sin �
v. f x = �2 + �
vi. f x = sin � + cos �

103. Consider the function f x = x, x≥0 those the Limit exist?

104. Evaluate lim � and lim+ �

�→2− �→2

� + �, � > �
105. Let � � = verify the existence of the Limit as x→0.
� − �, � < �

4 �−1 +�−1
106. Check the Existence of the limit, lim ;x≠1
�→1 �−1

�+�
, � ≠− �
107. Check if ��� �(�) exist or not, where � � = �+�
�→−� �, �� � =− �
108. Make your observations in the following Limits and state the existence of the
Limits.

�−2
i. lim 2
�→2 � −4

cos �−1
ii. lim
�→0 �

�+3 − 3
iii. lim
�→0 �

�−2
109. Calculate lim 2
�→2 � −4

110. Calculate lim �3 − 2� + 6

�→3

111. Evaluate the following

−3
i. lim �
�→ −2 2

�2 +�
ii. lim + 4�3 + 3
�→ 0 �

iii. lim �2 − 3 10
�→ 1

iv. lim �2 − 3� + 6 (-x+15)

�→ −2

�2 −6�+5
v. lim 3
�→ 3 � −8�+7

112. Calculate the following.

� −1
i. lim
�→1 �−1

�2 +9−3
ii. lim
�→1 �2

�3 −1
113. Compute lim
�→1 �−1
 2+� 5 −25
114. Calculate lim
�→0 �

�� −3�
115. Find the positive integer n, so that lim =27
�→3 �−3

1+�−1
116. Evaluate lim
�→0 �

�−�2
117. Find lim
�→1 1− �

118. Find the limit of the following

�4 −16
i. lim
�→2 �−2

�2 −81
ii. lim
�→3 �−3

�� −1
iii. lim �
�→1 � −1

�+4−3
iv. lim
�→5 �−5

119. Evaluate each of the following limits. Identify the Vertical Asymptote of the
Functions.
1 1
i. f � = 3 and f � =
�−4 �−4 2

120. Evaluate the following.

2�2 −2�+3
i. lim 2
�→∞ � +4�+4

�3 +2�+3
ii. lim
�→∞ 5�2 +1

3 2�+11
iii. lim −
�→∞ �−2 �2 +�−6

�3 +�
iv. lim 4 2
�→∞ � −3� +1
 �4 −5�
v. lim 2
�→∞ � −3�+1

1+�−3�3
vi. lim 2 3
�→∞ 1+� +3�

160�−0.4 +90
121. Suppose that the diameter of an animals pupil is given by f � = ,x
4�−0.4 +15
is the intensity of light and f � is in Millimeter, find the diameter of the pupil with
a. Minimum light
b. Maximum light.

122. An important problem in fishery science is to estimate the number of fish

presently Spawning in streams and use this information to predict the number of
mature fish or a “recruits” that will return to the rivers during the productive
Periods.
If S is the number of Spawners and R is the number of recruits, “Beverton
�
Holt's-Spawners recruits Function” is � � = ,where α & β are positive
�� + �
constants.
Show that this function produces approx. Constant recruitment, when the number
of Spawners is sufficiently large.

123. Evaluate the following

2 cosec �
i. lim 1 + sin �
�→0

�+2 �
ii. lim
�→∞ �−2

1 7�
iii. lim 1 +
�→∞ �

1
iv. lim 1 + � 3�
�→∞

3� −1
v. lim
�→0 1+�−1

sin ��
vi. lim
�→0 sin ��
 �
���3
2
vii. lim
�→0 �3

sin (�+�) −sin (�−�)

viii. lim
�→0 �

���2�
ix. lim
�→0 �

2� −3�
x. lim
�→0 �

1−���2 �
xi. lim
�→0 � sin 2�

1+sin � − 1−sin �
xii. lim
�→0 ����

�� −�−�
xiii. lim
�→0 ����

124. Prove that f � = 2�2 + 3 � − 5 is continuous at all point in R.

�2 −16
125. Examine the continuity of f � =
�+4

126. Find the point of discontinuity of the following function;

�� + � ; �� � ≤ �
i. � � =
�� − � ; �� � > �

� + � ; �� � ≥ �
ii. � � =
�� ; �� � < �

127. At the given point �0 discover whether the given function is continuous or
discontinuous, siting the reasons for your answer

�� −�
, �≠�
�� → �, � � = �−�
�, �� � = �

�� −�
, �� � ≠ �
128. For what value of � is this function �� → �, � � = �−�
�, �� � = �
129. Which of the following has a removable discontinuity at x=�� , if the
discontinuity is removable find a function g that agrees with f for � ≠ �� and
is continuous on R.
�2 −2�−8
i. f � = ,�� =-2
�+2

3− �
ii. f � = ,�� =-9
9−�

130. Find the Constant b, that makes g continuous on −∞, ∞

2 2
� − � , �� x < 4
f x =
�� + 20, �� x ≥ 4

sin � 1−cos �
131. Evaluate lim
�→0 �3

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