PROJECT REPORT

on
EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHLOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By

Name: Amanpreet
University Roll No.2124114

SUBMITTED TO:
Dr.BRIJESH
BAKARIYA

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

IK GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS,
HOSHIARPUR
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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “Employee management system ” is an
authentic record of my own work as requirements of project during the period from January
to june for the award of degree of B.Tech. (CSE), IK Gujral Punjab Technical University
Campus, Hoshiarpur, under the guidance of Dr. Brijesh Bakariya

Date: AMANPRE

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our knowledge
and belief.

Signatures

Examined by:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Head of
Department
(Signature and
Seal)

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 Acknowledgment

Through this acknowledgement, I express our sincere gratitude to all those people who have been
associated with this project and have helped me with it and made it a worthwhile experience. Firstly, I
would like to thank Director Dr. Yadwinder Singh Brar, I.K.G.PTU Campus, Hoshiarpur and
Dr. Brijesh Bakariya, Head of Department, CSE at I.K.G.PTU Campus, Hoshiarpur for their kind
support.

Secondly, I extend my thanks to Mr.Brahaminder Sing sir for his immense support as my project guide,
as well as the faculty member of Davout Tech Consultants, for their valuable assistance in
completing the project. The atmosphere provided by them fostered knowledge acquisition and
enthusiasm. Their assistance in resolving doubts contributed to the project's success within a limited
time.

I would also like to thank everyone who has knowingly and unknowingly helped me throughout my work.
Last but not least, a word of thanks for the authors of all those books and papers which I have
consulted during my project work as well as for preparing the report.

Amanpreet (2124114)
B.Tech (CSE) 8th Sem

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Name of Topic Page No.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 10

1.1 Introduction about project 11

1.2 Objective 11

1.3 Scope of the Project 12

1.4 Existing system 12

1.5 Proposed system 13

1.6 Advantages 14

1.7 Disadvantages 15

1.8 Modules of Automation leave system 15

CHAPTER 2: FEASIBILITY STUDY 16

2.1 Indentification of need 16

2.2 Feasibility study 16

2.3 Technical study 17

2.4 Economic study 17

2.5 Operational study 17

2.6 Conclusion of Feasibility study 17

CHAPTER 3: SOFTWARE TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY 18

3.1 Introduction to Xampp server 18

3.2 Features of server 19

3.3 Benefits of Xampp server 19

3.4 Installation of Xampp server 19

3.5 Introduction to HTML 20

3.6 Features of HTML 20

3.7 Introduction to PHP 20

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3.8 Common use of PHP 21

3.9 Usage 21

3.10 Introduction to CSS 22

3.11 Introduction to JQUERY 22

3.12 Introduction to Javascript 23

3.13 Introduction to SQL 23

CHAPTER 4: PROJECT WORK 24

4.1 Front end Technologies work on that project 24

4.1 HTML Working 25

4.2 CSS Working 25

4.3 Bootstrap & Javascript Working 26

4.4 PHP Working 26

4.2 Back-end Technologies Working 27

4.2.1 XAMPP 27

4.2.2 My SQL 29

CHAPTER 5: DFD DIAGRAM HOW IS IT WORK 30

5.1 DFD Diagram 31

5.2 DFD symbols 31

5.3 DFD Components Working 32

CHAPTER 6: WORKING SCREENSHOTS 34

6.1 Front end working Screenshots 34

6.2 Back-end working Screenshots 36

CHAPTER 7: HOME PAGE 37

7.1 Homepage 38

7.2 Employee Dashboard 39

7.3 Coding for employees 40

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 7.4 Output dashboard 43

7.5 login page for employees 45

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 46

8.1 Conclusion 46

8.2 Future Scope 47

CHAPTER 9: Summery 48

9.1 Summery of project 48

9.2 Difficulties encounted during project 48

9.3 Limitation of project 50

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 List Of Figuers

Page No.
Name of the figure
Figure no.

Figure 1 Database information system 10

Figure 2 Admin dfd login 23

Figure 3 Admin level 1 24

Figure 4 Home page code 25

Figure 5 Database of the paysheet 25

Figure 6 Admin table of the employee’s 26

Figure 7 Attendence of the given employee database 26

Figure 8 Payslip of the employees 27

Figure 9 Attendence total salary payslip 27

Figure 10 Code for homepage 28

Figure11 Output of the admin dasbord page coading 29

Figure 12 Code for the login page 29

Figure 13 Output of the login page code 30

Figure 14 Output of the admin login page 30

Figure 15 View of the admin pannel 31

Figure 16 Add the employee on the admin table 31

Figure 18 View the employee of the management system 32

Figure 19 Add the attendence according to prefrances 32

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Figure 20 Add the department for attendences 33

Figure 21 Add the designation of the employees 33

Figure 22 View the total salary of the employees 34

Figure 24 Add the designation of the employees 34

Figure25 View the payslip of the employee’s 35

Figure 26 View the payslip of the managemnt employees 35

Figure 27 Employee payslip according to the attendence 36

Figure 28 View the total payslip 36

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 Chapter – 1

1.1 Introduction

The most popular forms of coding in these days is the generation of applications or apps, that
can easily run on our mobile phones on any environment like android, windows or IOS. Now
days, the technology is improving drastically. It is being used in every sphere of life. None of
the field is left untouched by the growing influence of these mobile applications. The
hardware and software capabilities of phones have been improving fastly . We are able to
think that the current mobile phones are as strong as computers and even they are able to
compete with computers.
Background Most of the contemporary Information systems are based on the Database
technology as a collection of logically related data, and DBMS as a software system allowing
the users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. The process of
constructing such kind of systems is not so simple. It involves a mutual development of
application program and database. The application program is actually the bridge between the
users and the database, where the data is stored. Thus, the well-developed application
program and database are very important for the reliability, flexibility and functionality of the
system.

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The basic idea can be depicted on Figure 1.1 below: Information System Database System
Figure 1.1 Database information systems - principle scheme Information system suggests a
computer technology to be used in order to provide information to users in an organization
(for instance), as for the purposes of data transformation into useful information; computer
hardware and software are designed and used [2]. A particular case is the Human Resources
Information System development. This kind of systems are responsible for storing data of the
staff within an organization and generating reports upon request.

1.2 Objective
The major objective to automate the existing leave management in educational institutes to
decrease the paperwork and enable the process with efficient, reliable record maintenance by
using centralized database, thereby reducing chances of data loss. To provide for an
automated leave management system that intelligently adapts to HR policy of the
organization and allows employees and their line managers to manage leaves and
replacements for better scheduling of work load & processes.

1.3 Scope
The scope of the project is the system on which the software is installed, i.e. the project is
developed as a desktop application, and it will work for a particular financial institute. And it
is used world wide.

1.4 Existing System

In existing system, the records are manually maintained by the administrative user. The
attendance is carried out in the form of hand written registers. It is a difficult job to maintain
the record for the user. The human effort is more. This system requires correct feed on input
into the respective field. Suppose wrong inputs are entered, the application could get
misunderstood and rejected. So the user finds it difficult to use. The existing system is not
user friendly because the retrieval of data is time consuming and data is not maintained
efficiently. These systems need to be handling by a specialist for maintaining and updating
the system which can again be very costly. It requires more calculations to generate the
report so it is

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generated at the end of the session. All calculations to generate report is done manually so
there is some greater chance of errors. The faculty has to suffer

a lot through the calculation and if there is a loss of some report then it may
cause lots of issues. In the existing Leave Record Management System, every College/
Department follows manual procedure in which faculty enters information in a record book.
At the end of each month/session, Administration Department calculates leave/s of every
member which is a time taking process and there are chances of losing data or errors in the
records.

1.5 Proposed System

In proposed system chances of data losing is not possible because data is maintained in the
form of database and digitalization of student’s information. Every day attendance, leaves
and notices information is updated in to database using a user friendly GUI. This application
is an online application which makes more flexible to access information. In case, if there is
some holiday, then the data is being updated automatically under well-defined graphical user
interface and thus this software also makes the work load less for the department and
management class as well as make easy access to the information for the authorized persons.
The proposed system automates the existing system. It decreases the paper work and easier
record maintenance by having a Database for leaves maintenance. The Leave Management
System reduces the over work and time duration. It provides a easy, maintained and
systematic environment for the higher panel (HOD/Faculty) for the approval of leave. This is
a systematic approach that follow a sequence for the leave approval, this will result low
overhead of work.

STUDY OF THE SYSTEM (requirement gathering):- In the flexibility of the uses the
interface has been developed a graphics concept in mind, associated through a browses
interface. The GUI’S at the top level have been categorized as

1. Administrative user interface

2. The operational or generic user interface

The administrative user interface concentrates on the consistent information that is

practically, part of the organizational activities and which needs proper authentication for the
data collection. The interfaces help the administrations with all the transactional states like
Data insertion, Data deletion and Date updation along with the extensive data search
capabilities.
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The operational or generic user interface helps the users upon the system in transactions
through the existing data and required services. The operational user interface also helps the
ordinary users in managing their own information helps the ordinary users in managing their
own information in a customized manner as per the assisted flexibilities.

NUMBER OF MODULES:-

The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the following
modules:
The modules involved are:
Administration
Employee
Search
Report

Authentication
Administrator:

In this module the Administrator has the privileges to add all the Employees and register
them in the organization and check the information of the Employee and check the status of
the leave when they have taken and what type of leave they have taken and search is done
based on the employee and report is generated based on employee.

Search:

This module contain complete search like Leave search, Type of Leave, Employee based on
the leave and starting and ending day of leave.

Employee: In this module employee has the privileges to use his username and password for
login and he can see the request given by the customer and he can pass the process to the
Business Manager and maintain the record of the customers.

Reports:

This module contains all the information about the reports generated by the Employees based
on the Performance and by the leave status.
Authentication:

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This module contains all the information about the authenticated user. User without his
username and password can’t enter into the login if he is only the authenticated user then he
can enter to his login.
PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS:-

 Based on the given requirements, conceptualize the Solution Architecture. Choose the domain
of your interest otherwise develop the application for ultimatedotnet.com. Depict the various
architectural components, show interactions and connectedness and show internal and
external elements. Design the web services, web methods and database infrastructure needed
both and client and server.

 Provide an environment for upgradation of application for newer versions that are available
in the same domain as web service target.

1.6 Advantages
Features of our application are as follows: -

Our application mainly focuses on the fair distribution of attendance among students. It
provides all the related details of working days, holidays, events & workshops taking place in
the college.

It provides overall as well as weekly attendance of student. Parents, faculties and students
can get easily updated about their attendance status. Students can easily upload their leave
applications online just on one click.
The application will directly go to the concerned faculty and respective coordinators of
student. This will eliminate the redundant paper work. The application will also take the
approval of parents of students to check the originality of leave application.

This will reduce the frauds in application. Thus, a proper and fair distribution of attendance
will be given to each and every student. A student thus will not be able to do unethical and
wrong things.
A proper section for attachments will be provided which will allow students to attach their
medical and other documents. Application is quite helpful for maintaining records of students
and helps in keeping an eye on the status of the records.

1.7 Disadvantages

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 Student can’t edit their application once sent. It would require admin to change the data.

It requires large database

1.8 Modules of Automation Leave System:

Admin Module: Managing the detail of all other modules.

HOD Module: Managing the staff of campus. HOD can add new staff and delete or update the
staff. He can also approve or disapprove the staff leave additionally he can also apply for his
own leave and his leave will approve or disapprove by admin.
Staff Module: Managing the student detail. Teacher can add new student and delete or update the
student. He can also approve or disapprove the student’s leave additionally he can also apply
for his own leave and his leave will approve or disapprove by HOD.
Student Modules: view his own leave (approved or disapproved or pending), apply for leave and
his leave will approve or disapprove by teacher.

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 Chapter-2

2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF NEED

Leave Management System is very convenient to implement, easy to understand and also
easy on implementation. The need of designing such Software is to provide HR&
Administrations better way for scheduling &balancing work load by maintaining leave details
of the staff .It reduces the human efforts of checking the papers for leave request manually
and maintaining it in folders and files.

2.2FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility studies aim to objectively and ect. Generally, feasibility studies precede technical
development and project implementation. Trationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses
of the existing system or proposed venture. In its simplest term, the two criteria to judge
feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. As such, a well-designed feasibility
study should provide historical background of the projhe assessment of feasibility study is
based on the following factors:
1) Technical Feasibility

2) Economic Feasibility

3) Operational Feasibility

2.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project implementation. The
assessment is based on a system requirement in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields,
Programs, and Procedure .This can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends,
frequency of updating, etc., in order to estimate whether the new system will perform
adequately or not. Technological feasibility is carried out to determine the capability, in terms
of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. When
writing feasibility report the following should be taken to consideration:

A brief description of the business the part of the business being examined. The human and
economic factor The possible solutions to the problems

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2.4 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a
new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine
the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with
costs. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

2.5 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and
takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the
requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development

The operational feasibility of the system can be checked as it solves the problems and
reduces the complications occurring in the paper-pencil test.
2.6 CONCLUSION OF FEASIBILITY STUDY:

1) Technical Feasibility: The system can be implemented using computer software& hardware.

2) Economic Feasibility: The System implementation is economical if implemented for

large/medium organization which can bear the cost of maintaining computer and server
cost.

3) Operational Feasibility: The system efficiently operates & reduces manual computation
and time of processing, reducing cost of paperwork and human errors

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 Chapter 3

3. Software Tools and Technology

3.1 Introduction to Xampp server

XAMPP is an open source free software developed by Apache friends. XAMPP software
package contains Apache distributions for Apache server, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. And it is
basically a local host or a local server. This local server works on your own desktop or laptop
computer. You can just install this software on your laptop or desktop and test the clients or
your website before uploading it to the remote web server or computer. This XAMPP server
software gives you suitable environment for testing MYSQL, PHP, Apache and Perl projects
on the local computer.

The full form of XAMPP is X stands for Cross-platform, (A)Apache server, (M)MariaDB,
(P)PHP and (P)Perl. The Cross-platform usually means that it can run on any computer with
any operating system.

Next MariaDB is the most famous database server and it is developed by MYSQL team.
PHP usually provides a space for web development. PHP is a server-side scripting language.
And the last Perl is a programming language and is used to develop a web application.

Cross platform- Xampp is cross-platform.

Cross-platform means it can be run on any computer machine and with any operating
software or it is compatible with all types of computer hardware and software.
A: Apache server: Xampp ncludes Apache server.

This server is required for running most of the application or software like PHP. It is the Most
unable webserver software across the world. It is popular because it is quick, reliable and
safe. It is open source and free to use.

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 M: Maria DB: Xampp supports Maria DB. Maria DB is the popular database server which
is open source and developed by original developers of MySQL.
P: PHP– Xampp support the PHP.

PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Processor (earlier it was known as Personal Home Page),
It Provides an environment for web development. This is a server- side scripting
language. P: PERL – Xampp support PERL.

PERL(Practical extraction and reporting language) is a high-level general purpose

programming language. It is used in developing the web application.

When you start the Xampp server you see the various stuff explained below.

Apache: This is the most popular web server on the web which actually processes and
supply the web content to the computer.
MySQL: This functionality would be encapsulated with all the simple and complicated web
application.
This is always there for storing the data. MYSQL is the most popular database to work
with. It is a free & open source.

You can easily learn MYSQL associated with XAMPP package and well work with PHP.

Filezilla: It is an FTP(file transfer protocol) server used for making smooth file transfer from
local server to live server and vice…

Mercury: it is a simple and open source mail server.

Tomcat: It is a freeware Java servlet for serving the Java application.

Apache and MYSQL are the best stuff for the beginners especially working with PHP
application.
Though it is enough to play around these two until you are working on localhost.

3.3 What are the benefits of Xampp server

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 Both servers have their equal importance, as a live server is used to keep our website data
and make it live or visible to all the users across the world. But we can’t perform more testing
work on the live server as it can create a massive traffic and load to the live server thus may
result in a hang or stuck our website. So for testing work or update work for our website we
need a server similar to our live server(live server also have Xampp or Wamp installed). So
Xampp is the best option for achieving this. So for testing work or update work for our
website we need a server similar to our live server(live server also have Xampp or Wamp
installed). So Xampp is the best option for achieving this.
It is an open source software and you can easily download and install it on your local
machine. Once you install this on your local machine then you can perform any number of
test or updations to your website.

3.4 How to install xampp server

It is very simple to install the Xampp server.

You can download the setup over the internet and after downloading the setup you can
easily install it on your local machine.
You can go through the below links for the same. Just copy the link and paste in the browser.

3.5 Introduction To HTML

One language that is specially designed to convert the simple text into Hypertext is known as
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML is the collection of some codes (typically
known as tags) that have some special meanings. Each HTML tag has a proper effect on the
simple text. Any HTML document is fully portable and can be understood by any browser.

3.6 Features of HTML:

It is the language which can be easily understood and can be modified.

It provides the more flexible way to deign web pages along with the text.

Links can also be added to the web pages so it helps the readers to browse the information
of their interest.

We can display HTML documents on any platforms such as Windows and Linux etc.

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 We can insert images, links and relative paths from the Workspace.

Graphics ,videos and sounds can also be added to the web pages which give an extra
attractive look to your web pages.

3.7 Introduction To PHP

PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source
general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML. PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It
is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-
commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including
MySQL ,Oracle, Sybase and Microsoft SQL Server.

3.8 Common uses of PHP:

PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, thru email you can send
data, return data to the user.
You add, delete, modify elements within your database thru PHP.
Access cookies variables and set cookies.
Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

3.9 Usage

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web

development where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is
executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or dynamic images
used on Web sites or elsewhere. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-
side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most Web servers, many operating systems
and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems
(RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source
code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP acts primarily as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputting another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML.

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Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce code for processing by the Zend
Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor.

3.10 Introduction To CSS

Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to
simplify the process of making web pages presentable.CSS handles the look and feel part of a
web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing
between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors
are used, layout designs, and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as
well as a variety of other effects.
CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of
an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML
or XHTML.

3.11 Introduction To JQuery

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery is
a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library. The purpose of jQuery is to make it
much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that
require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and wraps them into methods that you
can call with a single line of code. jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from
JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.

3.12 Introduction To Javascript

In spite of the similarity of names, JavaScript is not Java. The languages are not related. Java
is frequently used to program games, mobile phones, and other devices, such as the Amazon
Kindle. Although Java can be used in websites, it's rarely used that way.

JavaScript, on the other hand, is a lightweight, yet powerful language that normally runs
inside a web browser. Its role is to provide access to different elements of the page so that
they can be removed or updated. It can also create new elements, change the style of existing
elements, or extract information from them.

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3.13 Introduction To SQL

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a computer language used to store, manipulate, and
retrieve data stored in databases. The first manifestation of SQL appeared in 1974, when a
group in IBM developed the first sample of a relational database. The first commercial
relational database was released by Relational Software. Standards for SQL exist. However,
the SQL that can be used on each one of the major RDBMS today is in different flavors.
SQL is short for Structured Query Language and is a widely used database language,
providing means of data manipulation (store, retrieve, update, delete) and database creation.
Almost all modern Relational Database Management Systems like MS SQL Server,
Microsoft Access, MSDE, Oracle, DB2, Sybase, MySQL, Postgres and Informix use SQL as
standard database language. Now a word of warning here, although all those RDBMS use
SQL, they use different SQL dialects. For example MS SQL Server specific version of the
SQL is called T-SQL, Oracle version of SQL is called PL/SQL, MS Access version of SQL is
called JET SQL, et.c.

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 CHAPTER 4
4.1 Front end Technologies work on that project

Frontend and Design Technologies for an Employee Management System (EMS)

For your Employee Management System (EMS) project, the technologies you've listed play distinct
roles in creating the user interface and handling user interactions.
Frontend Technologies
The frontend refers to everything a user sees and interacts with in their web browser.
1. HTML (HyperText Markup Language):
o Role: HTML is the foundational language for creating web pages. It provides the
structure and content of your EMS. Think of it as the skeleton of your application.
o In EMS: You'll use HTML to define:
 Forms for adding new employees (e.g., input fields for name, ID, department).
 Tables to display lists of employees.
 Navigation menus (e.g., "Dashboard," "Employees," "Departments").
 Buttons for actions like "Edit," "Delete," "Add Employee."
 Headings, paragraphs, and other text elements to present information.
2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
o Role: CSS is used to style the HTML elements. It controls the visual
presentation, making your EMS look appealing and user-friendly. Think of it as
the "skin" or "makeup" of your application.
o In EMS: You'll use CSS to define:
 Colors for backgrounds, text, and buttons.
 Fonts, text sizes, and alignment.
 Layouts (e.g., how elements are positioned on the page).
 Spacing (margins and padding) between elements.
 Responsive design rules to ensure the EMS looks good on different
screen sizes (desktops, tablets, mobile phones).
3. Bootstrap 5 (b5):
o Role: Bootstrap is a popular CSS framework (and also includes JavaScript
components). It provides pre-built CSS classes and JavaScript components that make
it much faster and easier to create responsive, mobile-first web designs. It's
essentially a collection of ready-to-use styles and interactive elements.
o In EMS: Bootstrap 5 will significantly speed up your design process by offering:
 Responsive Grid System: Easily create multi-column layouts that adapt
to different screen sizes.

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  Pre-styled Components: Buttons, forms, navigation bars, tables,
cards, modals, alerts, etc., all with a consistent, modern look.
 Utility Classes: Small, single-purpose classes for common styling tasks
like adding padding, margins, text alignment, or changing display
properties.
 JavaScript Plugins: Components like carousels, dropdowns, and
collapsible elements (though for an EMS, you might use more custom
JavaScript for specific interactions).
4. JavaScript:
o Role: JavaScript is the programming language that adds interactivity and dynamic
behavior to your web pages. It allows your EMS to respond to user actions without
necessarily reloading the entire page. Think of it as the "brain" or "nervous system"
of your application.
o In EMS: You'll use JavaScript for:
 Form Validation: Checking if required fields are filled, or if data is in
the correct format (e.g., email address format) before sending it to the
server.
 Dynamic Content Updates: Updating parts of the page without a full
refresh (e.g., displaying a success message after an employee is added, or
filtering an employee list).
 AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): Making requests to the PHP
backend to fetch or send data in the background, allowing for a smoother
user experience (e.g., loading employee details into a modal without
navigating away from the main page).
 Interactive Elements: Implementing features like sortable tables,
search functionality, or interactive charts/dashboards.
 User Interface Enhancements: Showing/hiding elements, animations,
and other visual feedback.
How PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Bootstrap 5 Work Together for an EMS
Here's a simplified flow of how these technologies collaborate:
1. User Request (Browser to Server):
o A user opens their web browser and types the URL for your EMS.
o The browser sends a request to your web server.
2. PHP (Backend Processing):
o PHP is a server-side scripting language. When the server receives a request,
PHP scripts are executed.
o In an EMS, PHP will:
 Connect to a database (e.g., MySQL) to retrieve or store employee data.
 Process user input from forms (e.g., saving new employee details,
updating existing ones).
 Handle user authentication and authorization (login, permissions).
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 Generate the HTML content dynamically based on data from the database and

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 user requests. For example, if a user requests the "Employee List" page, PHP
fetches employee records and constructs an HTML table to display them.
3. HTML Generation and Styling (Server to Browser):
o PHP sends the dynamically generated HTML back to the user's browser.
o The browser then parses this HTML.
o CSS (either inline, internal, or external stylesheets) and Bootstrap 5 (linked as an
external CSS file) are applied to this HTML to style it, making it visually
appealing and responsive.
4. Client-Side Interactivity (Browser):
o Once the HTML and CSS are loaded, JavaScript (also linked as an external file
or embedded) takes over.
o JavaScript handles client-side form validation, adds interactive elements, and can
make asynchronous requests (AJAX) back to the PHP server without reloading the
entire page. For instance, when a user clicks an "Edit" button, JavaScript might
fetch the employee's details via AJAX and populate an edit form, which is then
styled by Bootstrap and CSS.
In essence:
 HTML provides the content structure.
 CSS (and Bootstrap 5 for rapid styling) makes it look good.
 JavaScript makes it interactive and dynamic.
 PHP processes data on the server, interacts with the database, and generates the HTML
that the frontend then displays and enhances.
This combination allows you to build a robust, interactive, and visually appealing Employee Management
System.

4.2 Back-end Technologies Working

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The backend technologies, specifically MySQL and XAMPP, in the context of web development. Let's
break down what they are and how they fit into the backend of a web application, particularly one
built with PHP.

MySQL: The Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

 What it is: MySQL is a widely used, open-source Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS). It's designed for managing and organizing data in a structured format using tables,
rows, and columns. Think of it as a sophisticated digital filing cabinet where information is
stored in an organized way, making it easy to search, retrieve, update, and manage.

 Role in the Backend: In a web application, MySQL typically serves as the data persistence
layer. This means it's responsible for storing all the application's data, such as:
 User accounts and profiles
 Product catalogs (in an e-commerce site)
 Blog posts and comments
 Order information
 Patient records (in a hospital management system)
 Any other data that the application needs to store and retrieve.

 How it works:

o Database: A MySQL server can host multiple databases. Each database is a collection
of related tables.
o Tables: Tables are organized collections of data, similar to spreadsheets. They have a
defined structure with columns (attributes) and rows (records or entries).
o Columns: Each column in a table represents a specific attribute of the data (e.g.,
user_id, username, email, password). Each column has a data type (e.g., integer, text,
date).
o Rows: Each row in a table represents a single record or instance of the data (e.g., one
specific user's information).
o SQL (Structured Query Language): Applications interact with MySQL using SQL,
a standard language for managing and querying databases. PHP code, for example,
will contain SQL statements to perform actions like:
 SELECT (retrieve data)
 INSERT (add new data)
 UPDATE (modify existing data)
 DELETE (remove data)
 CREATE TABLE (define new tables)
 ALTER TABLE (modify table structure)

 Key Features:
o Relational Model: Organizes data into related tables, reducing redundancy and
improving data integrity.

o Constructing SQL queries within the PHP code to perform database operations (e.g.,
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '...').
o Sending these SQL queries to the MySQL server through the established connection.
o Receiving the results from the MySQL server back into the PHP script.

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 2. Dynamic Content Generation (via PHP): Based on the data retrieved from the MySQL
database or other logic, the PHP script dynamically generates HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
code. This generated content is then sent back to the user's browser as the web page they
requested.

3. Serving the Content (via XAMPP's Apache): The Apache web server takes the HTML (and
any associated CSS and JavaScript files) generated by the PHP script and sends it as an HTTP
response to the user's web browser, which then renders the page.

In the context of a Employee Management System:

 MySQL would store all the crucial data: patient details, doctor information, appointment
schedules, medical records, billing information, etc.

 PHP would be used to:

o Handle user logins and authentication by querying user credentials from the MySQL
database.
o Allow doctors to view their appointment schedules by fetching data from the
appointments table in MySQL.
o Enable receptionists to register new patients by inserting data into the patients table in
MySQL.
o Generate reports (e.g., daily patient visits) by querying and processing data from
various tables in MySQL.
o Handle form submissions for booking appointments, updating patient information,
etc., by interacting with the MySQL database

 XAMPP provides the local environment where developers can build, test, and debug the PHP
code that interacts with the MySQL database for all these HMS functionalities before
deploying it to a live server.

Therefore, MySQL is the database system for storing and managing the application's data, and XAMPP
is a convenient package that provides the necessary tools (including a web server, PHP interpreter,
and a MySQL server) to develop and test PHP applications that rely on a database like MySQL.
Sources and related content

 Scalability: Can handle large amounts of data and high traffic in many scenarios.
 Security: Offers various security features like user authentication and access control.
 Performance: Optimized for efficient data retrieval and manipulation.
 Open Source: Free to use and distribute under the GNU General Public License.
XAMPP: A Cross-Platform Web Server Solution Stack
 What it is: XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack
package created by Apache Friends. It bundles together several essential software
components needed to run a dynamic web server on your local computer for development and
testing purposes.
 Components of XAMPP: The acronym XAMPP stands for:
 X (Cross-Platform): It runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
 A (Apache): The most popular web server software used to serve web pages. It listens
for incoming HTTP requests from browsers and sends back the requested files.

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  M (MySQL): The relational database management system we just discussed. XAMPP
includes a pre-configured MySQL server.
 P (PHP): The server-side scripting language that is commonly used to build dynamic
web applications. XAMPP provides the PHP interpreter needed to execute PHP code.
 P (Perl): Another scripting language, though less commonly used in modern web
development compared to PHP. XAMPP includes a Perl interpreter as well.

 Key Features:
o Easy Installation: Provides a simple installer that sets up all the necessary components with
minimal configuration.
o Pre-configured Environment: All the components (Apache, MySQL, PHP) are configured to
work well together.
o Local Development: Allows you to develop and test web applications on your own computer
without needing an internet connection.
o Control Panel: Provides a user-friendly interface to start and stop the Apache and MySQL
servers, manage services, and access configuration files.
o
How They Work Together in a PHP Project:

4. PHP Code Execution (via XAMPP's Apache): When a user requests a .php file through their
browser while XAMPP is running, the Apache web server (part of XAMPP) receives the request. It
then passes the PHP file to the PHP interpreter (also part of XAMPP).

5. Database Interaction (via PHP and XAMPP's MySQL): The PHP code often needs to interact with
the database to retrieve or store information. It does this by:
o Establishing a connection to the MySQL server running within XAMPP using PHP's database
extensions (like mysqli or PDO). The connection details (hostname, username, password,
database name) are usually configured in the PHP script.

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 CHAPTER 5

5.1 Data Flow Diagram

It is a way of expressing system requirement in a graphical form; this leads to a modular design.
It is also known as buble chart, has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and
identifying major transformations that will become program in system design. So it is the
starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirement specifications
down to the lowest level of details. A DFD consist of a series of bubbles joined by lines. The
bubbles represent data transformation and the lines represent data flows in the system.

5.2 DFD SYMBOLS

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5.3. DFD (Data flow diagram) of employee management system A DFD is a graphical
representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data move
from input to output. The DFD may be used to represent a system or software at any level of
abstraction DFD’s may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow
and functional details. The DFD provides a mechanism for functional modeling as well as
information flow modeling.
A level “O” DFD, also called a fundamental system model or a context model, represents the
entire software element as single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming
and outgoing arrows respectively.

user

Fig2: Admin DFD login

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A level “1” DFD contain five or six bubbles with interconnecting arrows. Each of the
processes represented at level 1 is a sub function of the overall system. Similarly DFD level 1
can be refined into next level 2 .The information flow continuity has been maintained
between each levels.

Admin Level 1:-

Fig:3 Admin Level 1

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 Chapter-06

6.1 Data Base Snapshots

Fig:4 Database of paysheet

Fig:5 Admin table

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 Fig:6 Attendence table

Fig:7 Employees database

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Fig:8Payslip of employess

Fig: 9 Total salary slip

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 Chapter:07

7.1 HOMEPAGE FOR EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT LEAVE APPLICATION

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:

This is the home page for employee management system, form where employee, admin and
manager can login. 5.1.1. Coding for homepage of employee management system: .

7.2 EMPLOYEE DASHBOARD

DESCRIPTION: This an employee dashboard from where employee can view their

details. By clicking on “Employee Details” any employee can view their personal details. By
clicking on “Salary Details” they can view the details of their salary. By clicking on a
“Leave Details” one employee can view all the leave details of other employee as well
because, the
leave history of other employee will help them to decide for their leave And if you click
logout, it will redirect you to homepage of employee management system.

7.3 Coding For Employee Dashboard

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 Fig 10 home page code

FIG 11: Code for homepage

7.4. OUTPUT OF DASHBOARD

FIG12: Output of coding

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7.5 Login Page for Employee

DESCRIPTION: This is an employee login page from where any employee can login
to the website by entering the correct username and password.
6.5 Coding for employee login page

FIG13 Code for login page

7.6 OUTPUT FOR EMPLOYEE LOGIN

Fig14 :output of cod

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7.7 Snapshots

a) Admin

Fig:15 Admin Login

Fig:16 Admin Panel

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Fig:17 Add the Employes

Fig:18View the employees

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Fig:19 Add the attendence accordings to prefrances

Fig:20 Add the department for attendence

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Fig:21 :Total Salary of employee’s

Fig:22: Add the designation

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Fig:23:Payslip for employees

Fig:24: View of playslip

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Fig:25View of employee payslip

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 Chapter-8

8.1 CONCLUSION

Further up gradation of the Leave Management System for various types of organizations
with multiple hierarchies can help in reducing paperwork, help achieve error free tabulation
and calculation of leaves.
8.2 LIMITATION:

The leave status cannot be cleared until and unless the HOD approves/ rejects the
application. The staff cannot cancel the leave application once made.

The system will not function properly with multiple computers in the network.

The system will fail if the server fails, but the data will remain stored in the database

8.3 Future scope of the project

The application can be further developed which can include more functionalities &
userfriendly interfaces.
Future developers can enhance this project by including documents scanning of

employee. Future developers can enhance this project by including ability to send the

notification Via SMS and E-Mail.

8.4 CONCLUSION

We have successfully designed and developed a webpage, which is demonstrated in a way so

that all the employee details are stored securely, and employee can send the leave easily. The
system was implemented using web-based technologies which include CSS, JS, Bootstrap,
HTML, MySQL, and PHP. The system serves as improvement in employee management,
maintain accuracy, transparency and highlight the need to integrate advance technology in
employee record. The developed system enables the employees to request and track their
leave at their own convenient time in timely manner. Superior officers of the institution and
administrative department can create leave policies, check transparency and plan activities

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ahead of time. Employee Leave Management System will provide an effective way of
managing the different employee leave requests. The system will eliminate all the problems
encountered in the manual method which will help the companies or organization better
improve their business operations.

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CHAPTER 9

SUMMARY

9.1 Summary of Achievement

We have designed an application that can perform different functionalities and meet the
requirements.

Some of the highlights of our application are:

User friendly: simple and easy to use

Efficient functioning: capable of producing a result

9.2 Difficulties encountered during project

The entire development of project encountered a little problem. The prime being
learning the new functionalities of the application on which the development of the
project is based on. A lot of detailed study was required the initial phases of the project
development.
9.3 Limitation of the project

Due to the constraint of resources and time, the size of the project could not be
increased.

FUTURE SCOPE:

The leaves that have not been availed by the staff in the given session can be automatically
carried forward to the next working session depending on the HR policy of the organization.
Every employees individual leave record can be tabulated in a pie chart format to ascertain
his/her performance during the working session for HR appraisal activity.

The summarized data generated by this system can be further provided to different
departments, for example, Finance, Accounts for direct calculation of salaries. If personal
data is fed into the system while creating employee profiles, single interface to ascertain
information such as no. of years worked,

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