Power Bi
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chauhanankit9718Section A: Short Answer Questions
1. State any two differences between Information and Intelligence.
o Information: Raw data processed to have meaning.
o Intelligence: Insights derived from information to support decision-making.
2. Define data mart.
o A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse designed for a specific department or
business function, such as sales or marketing.
3. Justify the need for data normalization.
o To reduce redundancy, improve data integrity, and optimize database performance
by organizing data into structured tables.
4. State any two challenges of BI (Business Intelligence).
o Handling large volumes of data.
o Ensuring data quality and consistency.
5. Distinguish between 2NF (Second Normal Form) and 3NF (Third Normal Form).
o 2NF: Removes partial dependencies (where non-key attributes depend on part of a
composite key).
o 3NF: Removes transitive dependencies (non-key attributes depending indirectly on
the primary key).
6. Give an example of how BI can be utilized for the emergency healthcare system.
o BI tools can analyze patient data to predict disease outbreaks or optimize emergency
room resource allocation.
7. Differentiate between star schema and snowflake schema.
o Star Schema: A central fact table linked directly to dimension tables.
o Snowflake Schema: A more complex version where dimension tables are further
normalized.
8. Name any two tools used for business intelligence nowadays.
o Microsoft Power BI
o Tableau
9. Define SQL.
o SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for managing and querying
relational databases.
10. Define strong and weak entity.
o Strong Entity: Can exist independently and has a primary key.
o Weak Entity: Depends on a strong entity and has a partial key.
Section B: Long Answer Questions
1. Illustrate the steps in constructing a Decision Support System (DSS).
o Define objectives and requirements.
o Collect and prepare relevant data.
o Choose a model or methodology (e.g., simulation, optimization).
o Develop or configure the software/system.
o Validate and test the system using real-world scenarios.
o Deploy the DSS for end-user application.
o Example: A hospital can use DSS to schedule doctors' shifts based on patient inflow
predictions.
2. Outline the process used in developing a data warehouse.
o Define business requirements.
o Extract data from multiple sources.
o Transform and clean the data.
o Load the cleaned data into the data warehouse.
o Build OLAP cubes for analysis.
o Enable reporting and visualization tools.
o Example: Retail companies create a data warehouse to analyze customer purchase
history.
3. Draw and explain the business intelligence life cycle.
o Steps: Data collection, data integration, data storage, data analysis, decision-making,
and feedback.
o Example: A retailer uses BI tools to analyze sales trends and predict future inventory
needs.
4. Sketch an ER Model for the given case (patient-doctor relationship).
o Entities: Doctor, Patient.
o Attributes:
▪ Doctor: Doctor_ID (PK).
▪ Patient: Patient_ID (PK), Name, Address, Age (Derived).
o Relationships:
▪ A doctor can have multiple patients (1:N).
▪ Patient entity is weak and depends on Doctor.
5. List some advantages and disadvantages of data warehousing.
o Advantages: Centralized data for better analysis, historical data storage, faster
decision-making.
o Disadvantages: High implementation cost, complexity, and maintenance challenges.
6. Explain the following:
o Data Partitioning: Dividing data into smaller, manageable parts for efficiency.
o Multidimensional Data Model: Organizes data in cubes to support OLAP for analysis
across multiple dimensions.
7. List some roles of business intelligence in modern business.
o Customer behavior analysis.
o Sales forecasting.
o Performance monitoring.
o Operational efficiency.
8. Differentiate between OLAP and OLTP.
o OLAP (Online Analytical Processing): Used for analysis and reporting; involves
historical data.
o OLTP (Online Transaction Processing): Used for real-time transactional operations;
involves current data.
Unit I: Introduction to Business Intelligence
1. Introduction of BI
o BI refers to technologies and practices for data collection, integration, analysis, and
reporting to support decision-making.
o Importance: Helps organizations identify trends, patterns, and actionable insights.
o Example: Retail stores analyzing customer purchase history to optimize inventory.
2. Difference between Information and Intelligence
o Information: Raw data processed for meaning.
o Intelligence: Insight derived from information for decision-making.
o Example: Sales data (information) analyzed to forecast demand (intelligence).
3. Factors of Business Intelligence System
o Data quality, technology infrastructure, user access, and reporting capabilities.
o Importance: Ensures accurate insights and efficient operations.
o Example: BI systems integrate data from multiple sources like sales, HR, and
inventory.
4. Real-time Business Intelligence
o BI that provides insights and analytics in real-time.
o Importance: Enables immediate action and decision-making.
o Example: E-commerce sites offering product recommendations based on live
browsing data.
5. Business Intelligence Lifecycle
o Steps: Data collection, integration, storage, analysis, visualization, decision-making.
o Importance: Ensures seamless end-to-end BI implementation.
o Example: A hospital using BI to optimize patient care workflows.
Unit II: Architecting the Data
1. Types of Data
o Structured (tables), Unstructured (images), Semi-structured (JSON).
o Importance: Different types require tailored processing methods.
o Example: Emails (semi-structured) analyzed for sentiment.
2. Difference between Data and Information
o Data: Raw facts.
o Information: Processed data.
o Example: "100 sales" (data) vs. "Sales increased by 20% in December" (information).
3. Distributed Database
o A database stored across multiple locations.
o Importance: Improves access speed and fault tolerance.
o Example: Netflix uses distributed databases to stream content globally.
4. Data Normalization
o Organizing data to eliminate redundancy and improve integrity.
o Importance: Optimizes database performance.
o Example: Normalizing customer data to ensure unique entries.
5. Metadata
o Data about data (e.g., file size, creation date).
o Importance: Helps in data organization and retrieval.
o Example: Photo metadata storing camera type and location.
Unit III: Business Intelligence Applications
1. Roles of BI in Modern Business
o Performance monitoring, customer analysis, and strategic planning.
o Importance: Increases efficiency and profitability.
o Example: Amazon uses BI for personalized recommendations.
2. Challenges of BI
o Data quality issues, high implementation costs, user adoption.
o Example: Integrating data from legacy systems can be challenging.
3. BI Tools
o Examples: Tableau, Power BI, QlikView.
o Importance: Simplify analysis and visualization.
o Example: Tableau dashboards for sales trend analysis.
4. DSS (Decision Support System)
o Systems supporting decision-making using data and models.
o Steps: Define problem, collect data, select a model, test, deploy.
o Example: DSS in banking for credit risk assessment.
5. Group Decision Support System
o Tools enabling collaborative decision-making.
o Importance: Improves consensus and decision quality.
o Example: Microsoft Teams used for financial planning.
Unit IV: Introduction to Data Warehousing
1. Introduction of Data Warehousing
o Centralized repository for structured data storage.
o Importance: Facilitates historical analysis and reporting.
o Example: Walmart's data warehouse for analyzing global sales trends.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages
o Advantages: Centralized data, faster analysis.
o Disadvantages: High setup cost, complexity.
o Example: Banks storing transaction data for fraud detection.
3. OLAP vs. OLTP
o OLAP: Analytical; historical data.
o OLTP: Transactional; real-time data.
o Example: OLAP for sales analysis; OLTP for order processing.
4. Star vs. Snowflake Schema
o Star Schema: Simple and denormalized.
o Snowflake Schema: Complex and normalized.
o Example: Star schema for retail sales; Snowflake schema for banking.
5. Multidimensional Data Model
o Data organized in cubes with dimensions like time, location, product.
o Importance: Enables deep analytics.
o Example: Analyzing sales by region and quarter.
Unit V: Case Studies
1. BI Strategy for Emergency Healthcare
o Analysis: Implement BI to monitor patient inflow, optimize staff allocation, and
predict disease outbreaks.
o Importance: Saves lives and improves resource utilization.
o Example: Using BI dashboards to track COVID-19 cases.
2. BI for Machinery Maintenance in a US-based Entity
o Analysis: Use predictive analytics to forecast equipment failures, schedule
maintenance, and reduce downtime.
