ICT

Information and Communication Technology

PRACTICALS
LAB MANUALS
Laiba Naveed
CLASS: BSCS FALL SEMESTER
SUBJECT TEACHER: MAM Taybba
ROLL NO:

This manual guides about various practical related to Information and

Communication Technology

PRACTICAL NO 1
 EMAIL:
●CREATING AN EMAIL:
To create an email account, you can follow
these steps:
1. Go to the email provider's website
2. Click Create account or a similar
button
3. Fill in the required information,
including your name, username, and
a strong password
4. Verify your account
5. Accept the terms of service and
privacy policy
●CREATE AND SEND EMAIL:
Access your email account: Log in to your
preferred email provider like Gmail, Outlook,
Yahoo Mail, etc.
Start a new email: Click the "Compose" or
"New" button.

Add recipients: In the "To" field;

enter the email address of the
person you want to send the email to. Write a
subject line: In the "Subject" field, type a concise and
descriptive subject line that summarizes the email's
purpose.
Compose your message: Type your email content in the message body.
o Greeting: Start with a professional greeting like "Dear [Recipient's Name]".
o Body: Clearly state your purpose, provide necessary information, and maintain a polite
tone.
o Closing: End with a closing phrase like "Sincerely" or "Best regards" and your name.
Review and send: Before clicking "Send," carefully review your email for any errors in
spelling, grammar, or recipient details.
Click "Send": Once satisfied, click the "Send" button to send the email.
● USE OF VARIOUS FOLDERS (INBOX, DRAFTS, SPAM, AND SENT
FOLDERS:
Inbox:
This is where all new incoming emails will appear automatically; review them and decide
what action to take (reply, forward, archive, delete) based on their importance.

Drafts: If you start composing an email but haven't finished

writing it, save it in the Drafts folder to continue later; access it
to edit and send the email when ready.

Spam:
Emails identified as
potential junk mail will
be automatically
placed in the Spam
folder; regularly check this folder and
delete unwanted email
Sent:
Once you send an
email, it will be
automatically moved
to the Sent folder, allowing you to easily
reference previously sent messages. Usually
appears in the folder list on the left side of your
email window.

USE OF “TO”, “SUBJECT”, “ATTACH FILES BUTTON”, “SEND

BUTTON”, “COMPOSING AREA”, “CC”, “BCC”:
● When you put someone in the "To"
field, you anticipate a reply or action
from them regarding the email's
● The "Subject" option in an email is
used to provide a brief summary of what
the email is about, essentially acting as a
headline that appears in the recipient
box.
● In an email, the "CC" option, which stands for
"carbon copy," allows you to send a copy of the
email to additional recipients besides the primary
recipient listed in the "To" field.
The "BCC" option in email stands for "Blind
Carbon Copy and it allows you to send a copy of an
email to multiple recipients without revealing their email addresses to each other.
 ● The "attach file" button in an email allows you to add a separate file, like a
document, image, or spreadsheet, to your email message so that the recipient can
access and download it when they open the email.

The "Send" button in an email is

used to transmit the composed email

message to the intended recipient(s) ,

essentially initiating the process of
sending the email once you've finished writing it; it's typically located at
the bottom of the compose window and clicking it will send the email to
the recipient's inbox.
● Email, "compose" refers to the action of creating a new email
message, essentially meaning to start writing
a new email by accessing the dedicated
section in your email client where you can
input the recipient's address, subject line, and
the body of the message itself; essentially ,
it's the "write a new email" function.
● WORKING WITH RECEIVED EMAILS (READING
AN EMAIL, DOWNLOADING ATTACHMENTS,
REPLAY TO AN EMAIL):

By using the dedicated mobile app on your phone

or tablet, accessing your inbox through the
application to view your messages and read
them.
To download an
attachment in an
email, typically you need to open the email
containing the attachment, then click on the
attachment icon (usually a paperclip or a file
name) which will prompt you to download the
file to your computer.
The "reply to" option in an email is a button or link that allows you to send a
response directly to the sender of the email; when clicked, it opens a new
email window with the recipient's address already filled in, enabling you to
type your reply and send it back to them.
 ● SIGN OUT AN EMAIL ACCOUNT:

1. Open Gmail
2. Click your profile picture in the top right
corner
3. Click Sign out
 PRACTICAL NO 2
OPERATING SYSTEM:
● CREATE NEW FILE AND FOLDER:
Open File Explorer: Access the File Explorer on your Windows computer.
Navigate to the folder: Go to the location where you
want to create the new file.
Right-click: Right-click on an empty area within the
folder.
Select "New": Click "New" from the context menu.
Choose file type: Select the type of file you want to
create (e.g., "Microsoft Word Document", "Excel
Workbook").
Enter a filename: Type a name for your new file.

Go to a location in File
Explorer (Windows) or Finder
(Mac OS). You can also stay
on the desktop to make a new
folder there. Press Ctrl + Shift
+ N (Windows) or Cmd + Shift
+ N (Mac) to make a new
folder. Type a name for your
new folder, and then press Enter or Return.
●MOVE OR DELETE FILE OR FOLDER:
To "move" a file or folder, navigate to
its location, right-click on it, select "Cut"
(or similar depending on your operating
system), then navigate to the desired
destination and "Paste" it there; to
"delete" a file or folder, right-click on it
and select "Delete" which typically
sends it to the Recycle Bin where you
can permanently delete it later.
 ●BASIC SHORTCUT KEYS (CUT, COPY,
PASTE, SELECT ALL):
COPY = Ctrl+C
CUT = Ctrl+X
PASTE = CTRL+P
SELECT ALL = Ctrl=A
●WINDOW TASK MANAGER:
The Windows Task Manager is a utility that
provides information about a computer's memory
usage, CPU utilization, and other statistics. It's a
standard part of the Windows operating system
and can be opened in several ways:
Keyboard shortcut: Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Right-click the taskbar: Select Task
Manager from the context menu
**Press **: Ctrl + Alt + Del** and select Task
Manager from the options that appear
Search for it: Click the search icon, type "Task Manager" in the search bar,
and select it from the search results
Find the shortcut in the Start menu: Locate the Task Manager shortcut in
the Start menu
The Task Manager allows users to view all processes currently running on
the computer, including those in the background.
●CONTROL PANEL:
A control panel is a graphical interface
that allows users to manage settings
and features. There are multiple
matches for control panel, including a
component of Microsoft Windows and a
tool for managing web applications:
● Microsoft Windows Control Panel: A tool
that allows users to view and change
system settings on a Windows computer.
SYSTEM AND SECURITY:
The Control Panel consists of eight primary
components, each with various sub-
components: System and Security.
System: View system information and
adjust properties. Security and
Maintenance: Check security status and
manage updates. Backup and Restore:
Create backups and restore files.

USER ACCOUNTS: The User Accounts console in the Control Panel is a

tool for managing user accounts on
Windows. It can be used to:
● Create new accounts
● Change account names
● Change account types
● Change passwords
● Change account pictures
● Manage another account.

APPEARANCE AND PERSONALIZATION:

In the Control Panel window, click on
"Appearance and
Personalization". Customize your settings:
Change Desktop Background: Click
"Personalization" to select a new
background image, solid color, or
slideshow. Adjust Colors: Modify the
window colors and accents. Select
Sounds: Choose different sound schemes
for system events. Set Screen
Saver: Configure your screen saver
options.

NETWORK AND INTERNET In the

Control Panel window, click on "Network
and Internet".
Key actions within Network and Internet:
● View network connections: Check
the status of your current network
connections.
● Set up a new connection: Add a new network like a Wi-Fi connection or
wired network.
Change adapter settings: Modify settings for specific network adapters
like Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
Manage network sharing: Configure file and printer sharing settings on
your network.
Troubleshoot network issues: Use built-in tools to diagnose and fix
network problems.
CLOCK:
To set the date and time: Choose Start >
Control Panel > Clock, Language, and
Region > Date and Time. Click the clock
in the taskbar's notification area; then
click Change Data and Time Settings.
Right-click the taskbar clock and choose
Adjust Date/Time.

LANGUAGE AND REGION: Open Control

Panel: Click the Start button, then search for and select
"Control Panel".
2. Navigate to Language and Region: Under "Clock,
Language, and Region", click on "Region".
3. Adjust Settings:
o Formats tab: Select your preferred date, time, and
currency formats.
o Location tab: Choose your geographic location.
o Administrative tab (if needed): Change the system
locale to install additional languages.
UNINSTALL ANY
PROGRAM:
Under the Control Panel view, select "Programs" and
then "Programs and Features."

Choose the program: Find the program you want to

uninstall in the list and click on it.

Click Uninstall: At the top of the window, click

"Uninstall" or "Uninstall/Change"
depending on the option presented.
Follow prompts: Confirm the uninstallation and follow any additional steps displayed on
the screen to complete the process.
●COMMAND PROMPT OVERVIEW AND
COMMANDS(DIR, CD, MD, RD)
The Command Prompt is a program that
emulates the input field in a text-based user
 interface screen with the Windows Graphical User Interface (UI). It
can be used to perform entered commands and perform advanced
administrative functions.
● A "DIR" shortcut, typically found in a command prompt environment
like Windows, stands for "directory" and its purpose is to display a list
of files and folders within the current directory you are navigating,
essentially showing you the contents of that location on your
computer.
● In computing, "cd" stands for "change directory" and is a command
used to navigate to a different directory within your file system on a
computer, essentially allowing you to move between different folders
when computer.
● In computing, "cd" stands for "change directory" and is a command
used to navigate to a different directory within your file system on a
computer working in a terminal or command prompt.
● In Windows, the "md" shortcut stands for "Make Directory" and is
used to create a new folder (directory) within the current location
when accessed through the command prompt; essentially, it's a
command to quickly create a new folder where you are currently
working in the file system.
● In Windows, the "rd" shortcut stands for "remove directory" and is
used to delete an empty directory from the command prompt or
Power Shell; essentially, it's a command to quickly remove a folder
that contains no files within it.
 PRACTICAL NO3
MS WORD:
● INTERFACE (TITLE BAR, QUICK ACCESS
BAR,RIBBON HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL
SCROLL BARS, STATUS BAR:
The Microsoft Word interface
is designed to help users create
and edit documents. It includes the
following elements:
Title Bar
A horizontal bar at the top of the
document that displays the
document and application name.
Quick Access Toolbar
A custom toolbar in the upper left
corner that provides quick access to frequently used commands.
Status Bar
A horizontal bar at the bottom of the window that displays information about
the document, such as the page number, word count, and zoom level.
Zoom: Magnifies or reduces the contents of the document window.
You can also turn the scroll bars on or off by using the Show Horizontal
Scroll Bar and Show Vertical Scroll Bar check boxes.
●CREATING A NEW MS WORD DOCUMENT:
Create a document
1. Open Word. Or, if Word is already open,
select File > New.In the Search for online
templates box, enter a search word like letter,
resume, or invoice. Or, select a category
under the search
box like Business,
Personal, or
Education.
2. Click a template to
see a preview. ...
3. Select Create.

OPENING A DOCUMENT:
To open a Microsoft Word document, you can do the following:
1. Select File
2. Select Open
3. Select the document you want to open
You can also open a Word document by right-clicking the file, selecting
Open with, and then choosing Microsoft Word. If Microsoft Word isn't listed,
you can select Choose other app or Choose default program.
● SAVING AND PRINTING A DOCUMENT:
To save a Microsoft Word document, you
can use the Save command or the keyboard
shortcut Ctrl+S:
1. Select File then Save
2. Or, press Ctrl+S
3. If you're saving the file for the first time, you'll
need to name it
4. To save the file to a different location, click
the Location drop-down
5. If you want to save the file to a cloud
location, like One Drive or SharePoint,
AutoSave will be enabled
To print a document in Microsoft Word, you
can do the following:
1. Select File
2. Select Print
3. Preview the document by clicking the
forward and backward arrows at the bottom
of the page
4. Select the number of copies and other
options
5. Click Print
You can also use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+P to access the Print pane.
●INSERTING AND EDITING TEXT:
To insert and edit text in a Microsoft Word document, you can:
Add text: Place the cursor where you
want to add text and start typing
Replace text: Select the text you want
to replace and type what you want
Select text: To select a single word, double-click it. To select a line, click to
the left of it.
Format text: Select the text you want to format and choose an option from
the pop-up toolbar or the Home tab. You can change the font, font size, font
color, or make the text bold, italics, or underline.
Copy formatting: Select the text with the formatting you want to copy, click
Format Painter, and then select the text you want to copy the formatting to.
Add a text box: Go to Insert > Text Box, selects either Draw Text Box or
Vertical Text Box, select in the document, and then drag to draw the text
box.
Collapse a selection: Use the Collapse method to collapse a Selection
object or a Range object to its beginning or ending point. .

●COPING AND MOVING TEXT:

To move text in a Microsoft
Word document, you can use
the keyboard shortcut Ctrl +
X to cut the text, then move
the cursor to the new location
and paste it with Ctrl + V:
1. Select the text you want to move
2. Press Ctrl + X to cut the text
3. Move the cursor to the new location
4. Press Ctrl + V to paste the text
You can also move text by right-clicking the selected text, choosing Cut,
then right-clicking the new location and selecting Paste.
● DELETING TEXT:
Highlight the text you want to
delete by moving the cursor over
it and double-clicking the left
mouse button. Then, press
Delete or Backspace to delete
the text
●INSERTING PAGE BOARDER:
To insert a page border in a Microsoft Word
document, you can do the following:
Go to the Design tab
2. Select Page Borders
3. Choose the border's appearance
4. To change the distance between the border and the page's edge, select
Options
5. Make your changes and select OK
INSERTING TABLE OF CONTENTS:
To insert a table of contents in a Microsoft Word
document, you can do the following:
1. Place your cursor where you want the table of
contents to appear
2. Select the References tab
3. Click Table of Contents
4. Choose a style for the table
Word will create a table of contents based on
the headings in your document.
●HYPER LINK:
To add or remove a hyperlink in a Microsoft Word document, you can use
the following steps:
Add a hyperlink
To add a hyperlink, you can
click Link to and then select an
option, such as E-mail
Address.
Remove a hyperlink
To remove a hyperlink, you
can:
Right-click the hyperlink
Select Remove Hyperlink from
the menu

● CREATING AND FORMATTING TABLE:

To create and format a table in a Word
document, navigate to the "Insert" tab, click
on the "Table" icon, select the desired number
of rows and columns in the grid that appears,
then customize the table by adjusting cell
borders, alignment, column width, and
applying pre-set styles using the "Table
Design" tab once the table is inserted .
● ADDING AND DELETING
ROWS AND COLOUMNS:
To add or delete rows and columns in a Word document, you can use the
Layout tab and the right-click menu:
Add a row or column
Click where you want to add the row or
column, and then select the Layout
tab. To add a row, click Insert Above or
Insert Below. To add a column, click
Insert Left or Insert Right.
Delete a row, column, or cell
Right-click in the cell, row, or column
you want to delete. On the Mini toolbar,
click Delete. Then, choose Delete Cells,
Delete Columns, or Delete Rows.
● RESIZING ROWS AND COLOUMNS:
To resize rows and columns in
a Word document, you can:
Use the mouse
Select the boundary of the row
or column you want to resize,
and then drag it to the desired
height or width.
Use the ruler
Select a cell in the table, and
then drag the markers on the ruler. To see
the exact measurement of the row or
column on the ruler, hold down ALT as you
drag the marker.
● ADDING AND
CHANGING
BOARDER LINESAND
SHADING OF TABLE:
Select the table: Click anywhere within the table you want to modify.
Access the Table Design tab: Go to the "Table Tools" section of the
ribbon and click on the "Design" tab.
Choose border options:
"Borders" button: Click the "Borders" button to access various border
styles, colors, and application options.
"Shading" button: Click the "Shading" button to add background color to
the selected cells.
 ● INSERTING HEADER, FOOTER AND
PAGE NUMBER:
Go to Insert > Header or
Footer. Choose the header style you
want to use. Tip: Some built-in header
and footer designs include page
numbers. Add or change text for the
header or footer.
1. Double-click the header or footer
area 2. Go to Header & Footer > Field
3. Select Page from the Field names
list 4. Go to Header & Footer > Page Number > Format Page Numbers 5.
Select the format you want 6. Go to Header & Footer > Page Number >
Page Number 7. Choose the alignment you want 8. Select Close Header
and Footer
● INSERTING COVER PAGE:
To insert a cover page in a Microsoft Word
document, you can:
1. Click the Insert tab
2. Select Cover Page
3. Choose a cover page layout from the gallery
4. To replace the sample text, click on an area of
the cover page, such as the title, and type your
text
● INSERTING AND
POSITIONING PICTURE:
To insert a picture into a Microsoft Word
document and position it, you can do the
following:
Click where you want to insert the picture
Select the Insert tab
Choose an option to insert the picture
Select the picture
Select the Layout Options icon
Select see more
Make adjustments to the position and alignment on the Position tab
● USE OF FIND AND REPLACE:
 To use Find and Replace, you can:
1. Type the word or phrase you want to find in
the Find what box
2. Select Find Next to see where the text
appears in your file
3. Type the replacement text in the Replace
with box
4. Select Replace to change the text or
Replace All to change all instances of the
text
You can also use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + H to open the Find and
Replace pane.
● INSERTING SYMBOL AND EQUATION:
On the Insert tab, in the Symbols
group, select the arrow under
Equation, and then select Insert New
Equation.
1. Under Equation, in the Symbols group,
select the Equation Symbols arrow.
2. Select the symbol set, and then select
the symbol that you want to insert.
●FORMATTING
TEXT(CHANGING FONT TYPEAND SIZE OF TEXT,
CHANGING FONT
STYLESAND
EFFECTS,CHANGING CASE,
USE OF BOLD,ITALIC,

UNDERLINE,STRIKETHROUDH,SUBSCRIPT,
SUPERSCRIPT,TEXT HIGHLIGHT COLOUR AND FONT
COLOUR):
● Select text: Highlight the text you want to format.
● Access formatting options: Go to the "Home" tab on the ribbon.
● Change font type: Click the drop-down arrow in the "Font" box and choose
a desired font.
● Change font size: Select the desired font size from the drop-down menu
next to the font box.
● Apply bold, italic, underline: Click the corresponding buttons in the "Font"
group to make text bold, italic, or underlined.
● Strikethrough: Click the
"Strikethrough" button to add a line
through the text.
● Subscript/Superscript: Use
the "Subscript" or "Superscript" buttons
to position text slightly below or above
the baseline.
● Change case: Select the
text and use the "Change Case" drops-
down menu to convert to uppercase,
lowercase, title case, or sentence
case.
Text highlight color: Click the "Text Highlight Color" button and select a
color to highlight the text background.
● Font color: Click the "Font Color" button and select a color for the text
itself.
● FORMATTING PARAGRAPH (CHANGING PARAGRAPH
ALIGNMENT: ALIGN CENTRE, ALIGN RIGHT, JUSTIFY,
INDENTING PARAGRAPH: INCREASE OR DECRESE
INDENT,CHANGING SPACING BETWEEN PARAGRAPH
AND LINES)
Select the paragraph: Highlight
the text within the paragraph you
want to format.
Access the Paragraph
settings: Go to the "Home" tab on
the ribbon and locate the
"Paragraph" group.
Alignment options:
Align Left: Click the left alignment
button (usually the first option in
the "Paragraph" group) to align text to the left margin.
Align Center: Click the center alignment button to center the text within the
paragraph.
Align Right: Click the right alignment button to align text to the right
margin.
Justify: Click the justify button to align text evenly on both left and right
margins.
Indentation options:
Increase Indent:
Click the "Increase Indent" button (usually an arrow pointing right) to indent
the paragraph further.
Decrease Indent:
Click the "Decrease Indent" button (usually an arrow pointing left) to
decrease the paragraph indentation.
Spacing options:
Line Spacing:
Click the small arrow in the bottom right corner of the "Paragraph" group to
open the "Paragraph" dialog box.
Before/After spacing:
Within the dialog box, adjust the "Before" and "After" values to add or
reduce space before and after the paragraph.
Line Spacing options:
Select the desired line spacing (single, 1.15, double) from the dropdown
menu.
Important points:
Keyboard shortcuts:
You can also use keyboard shortcuts for basic alignment: Ctrl+L (left align),
Ctrl+E (center), Ctrl+R (right align), Ctrl+J (justify).
Specific indent options:
If you need to indent only the first line of a paragraph, access the "Special"
dropdown within the "Paragraph" dialog box and select "First line".
●FORMATTING PAGE (DOCUMENT THEME,PAGE
MARGIN,PAGE ORIENTATION,PAGE
BACKGROUND,WATERMARK,PAGE COLOUR,AND
PAGE BOARDERS):
Access formatting options: Go to the "Design"
tab in your MS Word document.
Change document theme:
Click "Themes" to select a pre-designed theme
that modifies fonts, colors, and styles across
your document.
Adjust page margins:
Go to the "Layout" tab.
Select "Margins" to set all margins.
Set page orientation:
 Under "Layout", choose "Orientation" to select "Portrait" or
"Landscape".
Apply page background (color or image):
Click "Page Color" to choose a solid color for the background.
For a picture background, select "Fill Effects"
and choose "Picture".
Insert a watermark:
Click "Watermark" to add a subtle text or image
overlay on your page.
Add page borders:
Select "Page Borders" to add decorative lines
around the page edges, customize the style,
color, and width.

PRACTICAL NO 4
MS EXCEL:
● OPENING THE MS EXCEL PROGRAM:
● From the Start menu: Click Start, then
All Programs, then MS Office, and finally
MS-Excel
● From the desktop: Double-click the
Excel icon on your desktop
● From the taskbar: Search for Excel in
the taskbar search box, then click on the
application
● Using keyboard shortcuts: Press Windows key + D, then E, then
select the Excel icon and press Enter
● Using a keyboard shortcut: Press Alt + F, then arrow down to Open
and press Enter
● Using a keyboard shortcut: Press Control + O

● INTERFACE TITLE BAR, QUICK ACCESS BAR,

CELL,ROW, COLOUMN, FORMULA BAR, CELL
ADDRESS,ACTIVE CELL ADDRESS, WORKSHEET
WINDOW):
 Interface Title Bar: The topmost bar
displaying the name of the current
workbook file.

Quick Access Bar: A customizable

toolbar located at the top-left corner,
containing frequently used commands
that are accessible regardless of the
current ribbon tab.
● Cell: The basic unit of a worksheet, where data is entered, located at the
intersection of a row and column.
● Row: A horizontal line of cells across the worksheet, identified by a
number.
● Column: A vertical line of cells on the worksheet, identified by a letter.
● Formula Bar: The area above the worksheet where you can view and edit
the contents of a selected cell, including formulas.
● Cell Address: The unique identifier for a cell composed of its column letter
and row number (e.g., "A1").
● Active Cell Address: The cell address of the currently selected cell,
highlighted by a border.
● Worksheet Window: The entire visible area of a single worksheet within
the Excel application, displaying the grid of rows and columns.
● AUTOFILL COLOUMNS AND ROWS:
Select the range:
Highlight the specific columns or rows
you want to adjust before applying the
auto fit function.
Access the "AutoFit" option:
Navigate to the "Home" tab, then click
"Format" within the "Cells" group, and
choose either "AutoFit Column Width" or
"AutoFit Row Height".
Keyboard shortcut:
Press "Alt + H + O + I" to auto fit columns or "Alt + H + O + A" to auto fit
rows.

●USE OF FORMULAS (TOTAL,

PERCENTAGE,AVERAGE):
 Formula: =SUM (A1:A10)
Explanation: This will add up all the values
in cells A1 to A10 and display the total in the
cell where the formula is entered.
Percentage:
Formula: = (A1/B1)*100
Explanation: This calculates the percentage
of value in cell A1 compared to the value in
cell B1.
Important: After entering the formula, format the cell as a percentage by clicking
the "Percent Style" button on the Home tab.
Average (AVERAGE function):
Formula: =AVERAGE (A1:A10)
Explanation: This calculates the average of all values in cells A1 to A10.
●MERGE AND SPLIT CELL:
Merging:
Select the cells you want to combine.
Go to the "Home" tab.
Click the "Merge & Center" button.
This will create a single cell with the content
from the top-left cell of the selected range.
Splitting:
Select the cell you want to split.
Go to the "Data" tab.
Click "Text to Columns".
Choose the delimiter (like a comma, space, or other character) that separates the
data within the cell.
Click "Finish" to split the cell content into multiple columns.
●INSERT BOARDER ON TABLE:
Select a cell or a range of cells to which
you want to add borders.
1. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click
the down arrow next to the Borders button,
and you will see a list of the most popular
border types.
2. Click the border you want to apply, and it will
be immediately added to the selected cells.

● WRAPPING TEXT:
Select the cell or cells you want to
format
Go to the Home tab
In the Alignment group, select Wrap
Text
You can also use the keyboard shortcut
Alt + H + W to wrap text in a cell.
To make the Wrap Text option more
accessible, you can add it to the Quick Access toolbar:
Right-click on the Wrap Text option
Click on the Quick Access toolbar.
●USE OF BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
(SUM,PRODUCT, AVERAGE, MAX,
MIN, POWER, SQRT, COUNT):
Go to the Formulas tab
Select the Insert Function icon to open the
Insert Function dialog box
Choose a function from the dialog box
You can also access a function by clicking
the arrow next to the desired category in the
Function Library Group.
To find a function by name, you can press
Ctrl+F and type the first few letters or a
descriptive word. To learn more about a
function, click its name in the first column.
●CELL ADDRESSING AND ITS TYPE
(RELATIVE CELL AND ABSOLUTE
CELL ADDRESSING):
There are two types of cell
references: relative and absolute.
Relative and absolute references
behave differently when copied and
filled to other cells. Relative
references change when a formula
is copied to another cell. Absolute
references, on the other hand,
remain constant no matter where
they are copied.
 ●PASTE SPECIAL AND ITS VARIOUS
FUNCTIONS:
● Values: Pastes only the numerical values
displayed in the cells, without any
formatting or formulas.
● Formulas: Pastes only the formulas used
to calculate the values in the cells, allowing
you to apply the same calculations to a new
set of data.
● Formats: Pastes only the cell formatting
(like font style, alignment, borders) without
the actual cell content.
● Comments: Pastes any comments attached to the copied cells.
● Transpose: Switches the rows and columns of the copied data, useful for
rearranging data orientation.
● Column Widths: Copies the column width of the source cells to the
destination cells.
● Operation options: Allows mathematical operations like adding,
subtracting, multiplying, or dividing the pasted values with the existing
values in the destination cells.
How to use Paste Special:
1. Copy data: Select the cells you want to copy.
2. Navigate to the destination: Click on the cell where you want to paste the
copied data.
3. Access Paste Special: Right-click on the cell and select "Paste Special"
from the menu.
4. Choose options: Select the specific aspect of the copied data you want to
paste (values, formulas, formats, etc.).
Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Alt + V.
●RESIZING ROWS AND COLOUMNS:
To resize rows and columns in Excel,
simply hover your mouse over the boundary
line between column headers or row numbers,
then click and drag to adjust the width or height
to your desired size; you can also access the
"Format" option under the "Home" tab to set
specific dimensions for rows and columns.
 ● GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
DATA:
Creating a chart: To create a chart, select the
data range you want to visualize, then go to the
"Insert" tab and choose the desired chart type.

Data visualization: Charts are considered a form

of data visualization, helping users interpret data visually and understand
complex relationships more easily.
● Manipulating and formatting data
(filtering data, data validation,
protecting a worksheet, unlocking cell,
conditional formatting)
● Filtering: Select your data range, go to the
"Data" tab, and click "Filter".
● Data validation: Select the cells you want to
apply validation to, go to the "Data" tab, and click
"Data Validation".
● Protecting a worksheet: Select the worksheet,
go to the "Review"
tab, and click "Protect
Sheet".
● Unlocking cells: Select the cells you
want to unlock right-click, choose "Format
Cells", go to the "Protection" tab, and
uncheck "Locked".
● Conditional formatting: Select the data
range, go to the "Home" tab, click
"Conditional Formatting" and choose the
desired rule.

PRACTICAL NO 5
MS POWER POINT:
● INTERFACE (TITLE BAR, QUICK ACCESS
TOOLBAR, RIBBON, HOROZONTAL AND VERTICAL
SCROLL BARS, STATUS BAR, ZOOM ALIDER, NOTES
PANE):
Title Bar:
The topmost bar of the PowerPoint
window displaying the presentation
file name and window control
buttons (minimize, maximize,
close).
Quick Access Toolbar:
A customizable bar at the top of the
window containing commonly used
commands like "Save", "Undo", and
"Redo".
Ribbon:
The main working area with tabs like "Home", "Insert", "Design" that contain
various formatting options and tools.
Scrollbars (Horizontal and Vertical):
Bars that appear when the content on a slide exceeds the visible window
size, allowing you to scroll left/right or up/down to view the entire slide.
Status Bar:
Located at the bottom of the window, displaying information such as the
current slide number, zoom level, and other status messages.
Zoom Slider:
A slider within the Status Bar that allows you to quickly zoom in or out on
the presentation.
Notes Pane:
A section below the slide where you can type additional notes or reminders
that won't be visible during the presentation.
● CREATING A PRESENTATION, APPLY COLOURS,
FONTS AND EFFECTS, CHANGING FILL STYLE
AND BACKGROUND,
SELECTION OF SLIDE
LAYOUT, ADD OR REMOVE
SLIDES, ADD TEXT IN
SLIDES:
 Open PowerPoint.
In the left pane, select New.
Select an option: To create a presentation from scratch, select Blank
Presentation. To use a prepared design, select one of the templates. To
see tips for using PowerPoint, select Take a Tour, and then select Create,
To change the color of text on a slide
On the Home tab, choose Font Color, and then
select the color that you want to change the color
of the text to.
On the Design tab, select Background. Select
Solid Fill, and then pick a color from the gallery. If
you want to have all slides have this same
background color, on the Design tab, select Background > Apply to All.
● SAVING A PRESENTATION:
To save a presentation in PowerPoint, you can do the
following:
Click file than save
Select a folder to save the presentation in
Type a name for the presentation in the File name box
Click Save
● ADDING SLIDE TRANSITION:
To add a slide transition in PowerPoint, you can do the following:
1. Select the slide you want to add a transition
to
2. Select the Transitions tab
3. Choose a transition
4. Select Effect Options to choose the direction
and nature of the transition
5. Select Preview to see what the transition
looks like
You can also apply the same transition to all
slides by selecting Apply to All in the Timing
group.
● ADDING ANIMATION
TO PRESENTATION:
To add animations to a PowerPoint
presentation, you can do the following:
1. Select the object you want to animate
2. Click the Animations tab
3. Choose an animation from the list
4. Select Effect Options to choose an effect
5. Use the timing options to set the animation's duration, delay, and when it
starts

PRACTICAL NO 6
HTML
● CREATING FIRST
HTML DOCUMENT USE OF HTML TAGS , HEAD
AND BODY TAGS:
Identify the meaning and purpose
of HTML tags.
Open up a workspace for
creating new HTML documents.
Use a text editor to create the
basic HTML structure for any
web page.
Insert non-displayed comments
into your HTML files.

●BASIC OF TEXT FORMATTING (<TITLE>,

<BR>, <&NBPS, HEADING TAGS <H1>TO
<H6>)
The heading tags are
defined by <h1> to <h6> to
define heading and
subheadings in an HTML
document. These tags
hierarchically structure the
content and aid search
engines in understanding
the organization and context
of the page's content.
 ●TEXT FORMATTING TAGS (BOLD,
UNDERLINE,ITALICS,STRIKE OUT,
SUPER SCRIPT, SUB SCRIPT, CENTER,
FONT SIZE, FONT COLOR, FONT FACE)

●CREATING LIST IN HTML

(UNORDDERD LIST, DEFINITION LIST, ORDERED LIST
NESTED LIST)
●UNORDERED LIST:

●
ORDERED LIST:
DEFINITION LIST:

NESTED LIST:

● CREATING HYPERLINKS, FRAMES, ADDING

IMAGES,BACKGROUNF IN A WEB
PAGE,APPLYING BACKGROUND:
● HYPERLINK:

● FRAMES:

ADDING IMAGES:
● APPLY BACKGROUND: