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C_Programming_Arrays_Functions_Notes

This document provides an overview of arrays and functions in C programming, including definitions, syntax, and examples for one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, as well as user-defined functions and their types. It also explains the concepts of call by value and call by reference, highlighting their differences. The document includes code snippets to illustrate each concept clearly.

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4 views

C_Programming_Arrays_Functions_Notes

This document provides an overview of arrays and functions in C programming, including definitions, syntax, and examples for one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, as well as user-defined functions and their types. It also explains the concepts of call by value and call by reference, highlighting their differences. The document includes code snippets to illustrate each concept clearly.

Uploaded by

chetantricker98
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C Programming Notes

1. Arrays

Definition:

An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.

Syntax:

datatype array_name[size];

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

return 0;

2. 1D Array

Definition:

A one-dimensional array is a linear array where elements are accessed using a single index.

Syntax:

datatype array_name[size];
Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int marks[4] = {85, 90, 78, 92};

for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

printf("marks[%d] = %d\n", i, marks[i]);

return 0;

3. 2D Array

Definition:

A two-dimensional array is an array of arrays, often used to represent matrices.

Syntax:

datatype array_name[row_size][column_size];

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int matrix[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};

for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);

}
printf("\n");

return 0;

4. Functions

Definition:

A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.

Syntax:

datatype function_name(parameter_list) {

// body

return value;

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

int main() {

printf("Sum: %d", add(3, 4));

return 0;

5. Function Types
Built-in Functions:

Functions provided by C libraries.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

printf("Hello World\n"); // printf is a built-in function

return 0;

User-defined Functions:

Functions created by users to perform specific tasks.

6. User-defined Function Types

a) With return type and arguments:

int sum(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

b) No return type, but with arguments:

void printSum(int a, int b) {

printf("Sum: %d", a + b);

c) With return type, but no arguments:


int getNumber() {

int num = 10;

return num;

d) No return type, no arguments:

void greet() {

printf("Hello!\n");

7. Call by Value

Definition:

Passing copies of actual arguments to functions.

Example:

void modify(int x) {

x = 10;

int main() {

int a = 5;

modify(a);

printf("%d", a); // Output: 5

return 0;

8. Call by Reference
Definition:

Passing the address of arguments to functions.

Example:

void modify(int *x) {

*x = 10;

int main() {

int a = 5;

modify(&a);

printf("%d", a); // Output: 10

return 0;

9. Difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference

| Feature | Call by Value | Call by Reference |

|---------------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------|

| Argument Passed | Copy of actual value | Address of actual variable |

| Modifies Original? | No | Yes |

| Memory Usage | More | Less |

| Syntax | func(var); | func(&var); func(type *ptr) |

| Example Output | Value unchanged | Value changed |

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