Unit

1 Present continuous (I am doing)

Study this example situation:

Sarah is in her car. She is on her way to work.

She is driving to work.

This means: she is driving now, at the time of speaking.

The action is not finished.

Am/is/are + -ing is the present continuous:

I am (= I'm) driving
he/she/it is (= he's etc.) working
we/you/they are (= we're etc.) doing etc.

I am doing something = I'm in the middle of doing it; I've started doing it and I haven't finished:
U Please don't make so much noise. I'm trying to work. (not I try)
‘Where's Mark?' ‘He's having a shower.' (not He has a shower)
Let's go out now. It isn't raining any more. (not It doesn't rain)
(atap arty) Hi, Jane. Are you enjoying the party? (not Do you enjoy)
What's all that noise? What's going on? (= What's happening?)

Sometimes the action is not happening at the time of speaking. For example:

Steve is talking to a friend on the phone. He says:

I'm reading a really good book at the moment.

It's about a man who ...

Steve is not reading the book at the time of speaking.

He means that he has started it, but has not finished it yet.
He is in the middle of reading it.

Some more examples:

Kate wants to work in Italy, so she's learning Italian, (but perhaps she isn't learning Italian
at the time of speaking)
Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope to finish it next summer.

You can use the present continuous with today / this week / this year etc. (periods around now):
a : You're working hard today. (not You work hard today)

b: Yes, I have a lot to do.

The company I work for isn't doing so well this year.

W e use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening around now, especially
v.a with these verbs:

get change become increase rise fall grow improve begin start

Is your English getting better? (not Does your English get better)
The population of the world is increasing very fast. (not increases)
At first I didn't like my job, but I'm beginning to enjoy it now. (not I begin)

Present continuous and present simple -► Units 3-4 Present tenses for the future Unit 19
Exercises
The sentences on the right follow those on the left. Which sentence goes with which?

1 Please don't make so much noise. a It's getting late. 1 .£

2 I need to eat something soon. b They're lying. 2 e
3 I don't have anywhere to live right now. c It's starting to rain. 3 g
4 We need to leave soon. d They're trying to sell it. 4 a
5 They don't need their car any more. e I'm getting hungry. 5 d
6 Things are not so good at work. f 4'm trying to work. 6 h
7 It isn't true what they said. g I'm looking for an apartment. 7 b
8 We're going to get wet. h The company is losing money. 8 c

Complete the conversations.

1 a : I saw Brian a few days ago.
b: Oh, did you? WH&t’s He ciomg these days? (what /he /do)
a : He's at university.
b: What is he studying ? (what / he / study)
a : Psychology.
b: Is he enjoying it? (he / enjoy)
a : Yes, he says it's a very good course.

2 a : Hi, Nicola. How ... is your new job going (your new job / go)
b : Not bad. It wasn’t so good at first, but it is getting better now.
(it / get)
a : What about Daniel? Is he OK?

b : Yes, but he isn't. .enjoying . his work right now. (he / not / enjoy)
He’s been in the same job for a long time and he is beginning to get bored
with it. (he/begin)

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I'm doing etc.) or negative (I'm not doing etc.).
1 Please don't make so much noise. . I’rn trying (I / try) to work.
2 Let's go out now. It usnt ram'mq (it / rain) any more.
3 You can turn off the radio. I am not listening (I / listen) to it.
4 Kate phoned me last night. She's on holiday in France, She is having (she / have)
a great time and doesn't want to come back.
5 ! want to lose weight, so this week I am not eating (I / eat) lunch.
6 Andrew has just started evening classes. He is learning (he / learn) Japanese.
7 Paul and Sally have had an argument, They aren't speaking (they / speak)
to each other.
8 I am getting (I / get) tired. I need a rest.
9 Tim isn't working (work) today. He's taken the day off.
10 I am looking (I / look) for Sophie. Do you know where she is?

O Complete the sentences using the following verbs:

start get increase change rise

1 The population of the world & marexLsmq very fast.

2 The world ........
is changing ........ Things never stay the same.
3 The situation is already bad and it ...is getting worse.
4 The cost of Living is rising . Every year things are more expensive.
5 The weather is starting to improve. The rain has stopped, and the wind isn't
as strong.

3
Unit
2 ^ Present simple (I do)
Study this example situation:

Alex is a bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep.

He is not driving a bus. (He is asleep.)

but He drives a bus. (He is a bus driver.)

Drive(s)/work(s)/do(es) etc. is the present simple:

l/we/you/they drive/work/do etc.

he/she/it drives/works/does etc.

We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all
the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general:
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
I usually go away at weekends.
The earth goes round the sun.
The cafe opens at 7.30 in the morning.

Remember:
I wo rk... but He works... They teach ... but My sister teaches ...

For spelling (-5 or -es), see Appendix 6 .

We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences:

work
do l/we/you/they ? l/we/you/they don't
drive
does he/she/it he/she/it doesn't
do? do

C I come from Canada. Where do you come from?

I don't go away very often.
O What does this word mean? (not What means this word?)
Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.

In the following examples, do is also the main verb (do you do / doesn't do etc.):
C 'What do you do?' ‘I work in a shop.'
He's always so lazy. He doesn't do anything to help.

We use the present simple to say how often we do things:

I get up at 8 o'clock every morning.
C How often do you go to the dentist?
Julie doesn't drink tea very often.
Robert usually goes away tw o or three times a year.

I promise / I apologise etc.

Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something,
you can say 'I promise ...'; when you suggest something, you can say ‘I suggest...':
I promise I won't be late. (not I'm promising)
j ‘What do you suggest I do?' ‘I suggest that you ...'

In the same way we say: I apologise ... / 1advise ... / I in sis t... / 1agree ... / I refuse ... etc.

Present simple and present continuous -> Units 3-4 Present tenses for the future -► Unit 19
Exercises
Complete the sentences using the following verbs:

cause(s) connect(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) -speak(s) take(s)

1 Tanya speuks German very well.

2 I don't often drink coffee.
3 The swimming pool opens at 7.30 every morning.
4 Bad driving causes many accidents.
5 My parents live in a very small flat.
6 The Olympic G am es take placeevery four years.
7 The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Put the verb into the correct form.

1 Julie doesn’t drunk (not / drink) tea very often.
2 What time ........
do the banks close.. (the banks / close) here?
3 I've got a car, but I .... don't use . (not / use) it much.
4 'Where does Ricardo come (Ricardo / come) from?' 'From Cuba.'
5 ‘What do you do (you/do)?' Tm an electrician.'
6 It ........ takes ... (take) me an hour to get to work. How long
.....................................................(it
does it take / take) you?
7 Look at this sentence. What does this word mean (this word / mean)?
8 David isn't very fit. He doesn't do (not / do) any sport.

Use the following verbs to complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the negative:

believe eat flow ^go- -grow- make rise tell translate

1 The earth goes round the sun. 7 An interpreter translates from one
2 Rice <loesn't grow in Britain. language into another.
3 The sun rises. . in the east. 8 Liars are people who don't tell the
4 B ees ...... make honey. truth.
5 Vegetarians don't eat meat. 9 The River Amazon flows into
6 An atheist doesn't believe in God. the Atlantic Ocean.

You ask Lisa questions about herself and her family. Write the questions.
1 You know that Lisa plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.
How often do yow p t e n n i s ?
2 Perhaps Lisa's sister plays tennis too. You want to know. Ask Lisa.
Does . your sister . play
.. tennis
............................... -.......................................
3 You know that Lisa reads a newspaper every day. You want to know which one. Ask her.
Which newspaper do you read every day
4 You know that Lisa's brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Lisa.
What does your brother do for work
5 You know that Lisa goes to the cinema a lot. You want to know how often. Ask her.
How often do you go to the cinema
6 You don't know where Lisa's grandparents live. You want to know. Ask Lisa.
Where do your grandparents live

Complete using the following:

I apologise I insist I promise I recommend 4 suggest

1 Mr Evans is not in the office today. I suggest you try calling him tomorrow.
2 I won't tell anybody what you said.... I promise .
3 (in a restaurant) You must let me pay for the meal I insist .
4 I apologise for what I did. It won't happen again.
5 The new restaurant in Hill Street is very good......................................
I recommend it.
Unit Present continuous and present simple 1
3 (I am doing and I do)
Compare:

Present continuous (1 am doing) Present simple (I do)

We use the continuous for things happening at We use the simple for things in general or
or around the time of speaking. things that happen repeatedly.
The action is not complete.

1am doing I do

past now future past now future

The water is boiling. Can you turn it o Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
off?
Listen to those people. What language Excuse me, do you speak English?
are they speaking?
Let's go out. It isn't raining now. It doesn’t rain very much in summer.
O Tm busy.' ‘What are you doing?' o What do you usually do at weekends?
I'm getting hungry. Let's go and eat. o 1always get hungry in the afternoon.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she's Most peopLe learn to swim when they
learning Italian. are children.
The population of the world is o Every day the population of the world
increasing very fast. increases by about 20 0,000 people.

We use the continuous for temporary situations: We use the simple for permanent situations:
I'm living with some friends until 1find a O My parents live in London. They have
place of my own. li v e d t h e r e a l l t h e i r liv e s.
a : You're working h a r d t o d a y . o Joe isn't lazy. He works hard most of
b : Yes, 1have a lot to do. the time.

See Unit 1 for more information. See Unit Z for more information.

I always do and I'm always doing

I always do (something) = I do it every time:

G I alw ays go to work by car. (not I'm aLways going)

‘I'm always doing something' has a different meaning. For example:

ve lost my phone again. I'm always losing things. ^

I'm always losing things = I lose things very often,

perhaps too often, or more often than normal.

More examples:
O You're always playing computer games. You should do something more active.
(= You play computer games too often)
Tim is never satisfied. He's always complaining. (= He complains too much)

Present continuous and simple 2 Unit 4 Present tenses for the future Unit 19
Exercises
Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. OK
2 The water boils. Can you turn it off? i&.boiling ............
3 Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. .....
is trying .....................
4 Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? .........
are they talking .......................
5 The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days. ................................
OK .... ........
6 I must go now. It gets late. ...........
is getting .....................
7 I usually go to work by car. OK
8 'Hurry up! It's time to leave/ ‘OK, I come.' I am coming
9 I hear you've got a new job. How do you get on? OK
10 Paulis never late. He's always getting to work on time. always get
11 They don't get on well. They're always arguing. OK

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1 Let’s go out. It Isn't ramwg (it / not / rain) now.
2 Julia is very good at languages. She- spe&Jcs (she / speak) four languages very well.
3 Hurry up! Everybody is waiting (everybody / wait) for you.
4 ' Are you listening (you / listen) to the radio?’ ’No, you can turn it off.'
5 1 Do you listen (you / listen) to the radio every day?' 'No, just occasionally.'
6 The River Nile flows (flow)into the Mediterranean.
7 The river is .flowing (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual.
8 We usually grow (we / usually / grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year
................we aren't growing (we / not / grow) any.
9 a : How's your English?
b: Not bad. I think it is improving (it / improve) slowly.
10 Rachel is in New York right now. She is staying (she / stay) at the Park Hotel.
She always stays (she / always / stay) there when she's in New York.
11 Can we stop walking soon? ....... I am starting .... (I / start) to feel tired.
12 a : Can you drive?
b; .......................................
I am learning teaches
(I / learn). My fath er................................. (teach)me.
13 NormaLly I finish (I / finish) work at five, but this week
. I am working (! / work) until six to earn a little more money.
14 My parents live (live) in Manchester. They were born there and have never
lived anywhere else. Where do your parents live (your parents / live)?
15 Sonia is looking (look) for a place to live. She is staying (she / stay)
with her sister until she finds somewhere.
16 a : What do your brother do (yourbrother/do)?
b : He's an architect, but ....................................
he isn't working (he/not/work)atthemoment.
17 (at a party) I usually enjoy (I/usuallyenjoy)parties,but
I am not enjoying (I/not / enjoy) this one very much.

Finish B's sentences. Use alw ays -ing.

1 a: I've lost my phone again.
b : Not again! You Ye olwcujs Losing your phone .
2 a: The car has broken down again.
b: That car is useless. It is....................
always breaking down ............................... ........ .............
3 a: Look! You've made the same mistake again,
b: Oh no, not again! I ..............................................................................................................
am always making the same mistake
4 a: Oh, I've forgotten my glasses again.
b: Typical! I am always forgetting my glasses .................... .
Unit Present continuous and present simple 2
4 (I am doing and I do)
We use continuous forms for actions and happenings that have started but not finished (they are
eating / it is raining etc.). Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in this
way. We don't say 'I am knowing' or ‘they are liking'; we say ‘I know', 'they like'.

The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous:

like want need prefer

know realise suppose mean understand believe remember

belong fit contain consist seem

I’m hungry. I want something to eat. (not I'm wanting)

Q Do you understand what I mean?
Anna doesn't seem very happy at the moment.

Think

When think means ‘believe' or ‘have an opinion', we do not use the continuous:
I think Mary is Canadian, but I'm not sure, (not I'm thinking)
What do you think of my plan? (= What is your opinion?)

When think means ‘consider', the continuous is possible:

O I'm thinking about what happened. I often think about it.
C Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. (= she is considering it)

See hear smell taste

We normally use the present simple (not continuous) with these verbs:
O Do you see that man over there? (not Are you seeing)
This room smells. Let's open a window.

We often use can + see/hear/smell/taste:

I can hear a strange noise. Can you hear it?

Look feel

You can use the present simple or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now:
CJ You look well today, or You're looking well today.
How do you feel now? or How are you feeling now?
but
j I usually feel tired in the morning. (not I'm usually feeling)

He is selfish and He is being selfish

He's being = He's behaving / He's acting. Compare:

I can't understand why he's being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
(being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment)
Q He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish, (not He is being)
(= He is selfish generally, not only at the moment)

We use am/is/are being to say how somebody is behaving. It is not usually possible in other
sentences:
J It's hot today, (not It is being hot)
Sarah is very tired, (not is being tired)

8 Present continuous and simple 1 -> Unit 3 Have -► Unit 17 Present tenses for the future -*■ Unit 19
Exercises
Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1 Are you hungry? . Do you want (you / want) something to eat?
2 Don't put the dictionary away. I am using (I / use) it.
3 Don't put the dictionary away. I need (I / need) it.
4 Who is that man? What does he want (he/w ant)?
5 Who is that man? Why is he looking (he/look) at us?
6 ALan says he's 80 years old, but nobody .. believes . (believe) him.
7 She told me her name, but I don't remember (I / not / remember) it now.
8 I am thinking (I / think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?
9 I think (I / think) you should sell your car. You don't use
(you / not / use) it very often.
10 Air consists (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Use the words in brackets to make sentences. (You should also study Unit 3 before you do
this exercise.)

What are you doing?

I am thinking

Who does this umbrella The dinner smells good.

belong to?

©
(these gloves / not / fit / me)
S----------------- These gloves don't fit me.
Excuse me. (anybody /
Is anybody sitting there?
They're too small.
V ______________________ ___

Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1 Nickv is thinking of giving up her job. OK .............. ...............
2 Are you believing in God? Do/ believing .... .........
3 I'm feeling hungry. Is there anything to eat? I feel
4 This sauce is great. It's tasting really good. .......
tastes ........ .....
5 I'm thinking this is your key. Am I right? ......
I think ........

Complete the sentences using the most suitable form of be. Use am/is/are being (continuous)
where possible; otherwise use am/is/are (simple).
1 I can't understand why kie-’s being so selfish. He isn't usually like that.
2 Sarah is being very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why.
3 You'll like Sophie when you meet her. She ....... is . very nice.
4 You're usually very patient, so why are you being so unreasonable about waiting
ten more minutes?
5 Why isn't Steve at work today? Is he ill?
Unit
^5 |f Past simple (I did)
Study this example:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian

musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. He started composing at the age of five
and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
He was only 35 years oLd when he died.

Lived/started/wrote/was/died are all past simple.

Very often the past simpleends in -ed (regular verbs):

O I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store.
We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come.
O The police stopped me on my way home last night.
Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.

For spelling (stopped, studied etc.), see Appendix 6 .

But many verbs are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed. For example:
write —> w ro te O Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music,
see —> saw Q We saw Tanya in town a few days ago.
go —> w e n t I went to the cinema three times last week,
shut —» shut It was cold, so I shut the window.

in questions and negatives we use did/didn't + infinitive (enjoy/see/go etc.):

I enjoyed you enjoy? I enjoy

she saw did she see? she didn't see
they went they go? they go
O a: Did you go out last night?
b: Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn't enjoy the film much.
3 ‘When did MrThomas die?' ‘About ten years ago.'
They didn't invite us to the party, so we didn't go.
C ‘Did you have time to do the shopping?' ’No, I didn't.'

In the following examples, do is the main verb in the sentence (did ... do / didn't do):
What did you do at the weekend? (not Wh at did you at the weekend?)
Q I didn't do anything. (not I didn't anything)

The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:

l/he/she/it was/wasn't was l/he/she/it?

we/you/they were/weren't were we/you/they?

Note that we do not use did in negatives and questions with was/were:
I was angry because they were late.
O Was the weath er good w hen you were on holiday?
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
Did you go out last night or were you too tired?

10 Past simple and past continuous Unit 6 Past simple and present perfect *■>Units 12-14
Exercises
Read what Laura says about a typical working day:

I usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which
takes me about half an hour, I start work at 8,45. I never have Lunch. I finish
work at 5 o'clock. I'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal
in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o'clock, and I
always sleep well.
x—__________________________________________________________________________________ ð
Laura

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday.
1 SVie got wp at 7 o'clock. 7 She finished work at 5 o'clock.
2 She had a big breakfast. 8 She was tired when she got home,
3 S h e .. walked to work 9 She cooked a meal yesterday evening.
4 I t .............................
took her half an hour to get to work. 10 ............................
She didn't go out yesterday evening.
5 She started work at 8.45. 11 She went to bed at 11 o'clock.
6 She didn't have lunch. 12 She slept well last night.

Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form:

buy catch cost fall hurt sell spend teach throw Wntc

1 Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

2 'How did you learn to drive?' 'My father taught me.'
3 We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we sold it.
4 Dave fell down the stairs this morning and hurt his Leg.
5 jo e ..........................the
threw ball to Sue, who .....................
caught it.
6 Ann ... spent a lot of money yesterday. She bought a dress which
cost £ 100 .

You ask James about his holiday. Write your questions.

Hi. How are things?
Fine, thanks. I've just had a great holiday.
1 Where yow 9° ?
To the U.S. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.
2 How ..... did you go ? By car?
Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.
3 It's a long way to drive. How long did it take to get to Denver?
Two weeks.
4 Where did you stay in ? tn hotels?
Yes, small hotels or motels.
5 ...........................................................
Was it good?
Yes, but it was very hot - sometimes too hot.
6 Did you go to the Grand Canyon?
Of course. It was wonderful.

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1 It was warm, so I took off my coat, (take)
2 The film wasn't very good. I dutr) t enjoy it much, (enjoy)
3 I knew Sarah was busy, so I didn't disturb her. (disturb)
4 We were very tired, so we left the party early, (leave)
5 The bed was very uncomfortable. I didn't sleep ... welL. (sleep)
6 The window was open and a bird flew . into the room, (fly)
7 The hotel wasn’t very expensive. It didn't cost much to stay there, (cost)
8 I was in a hurry, so I didn't have time to phone you. (have)
9 It was hard carrying the bags. They were very heavy, (be)
Unit
6 . Past continuous (I was doing)
Study this example situation:

Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They started at

10 o'clock and finished at 11.30.
So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.

They were playing = they were in the middle of playing.

They had not finished playing.
Was/were -ing is the past continuous:

playing
l/he/she/it was
ru n - -- doing
~ |iu ■ ] we/you/they were
working etc.

I was doing something = I was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or
situation had already started before this time, but had not finished:

I started doing I was doing I finished doing

I '

past past now

O This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
I waved to Helen, but she wasn't looking.

Compare the past con tinuous (I w as doing) and past simple (t did):

Past continuous (in the middle of an action) Past simple (complete action)
I was walking home when I met Dan. I walked home after the party last night.
(in the middle of walking home) (= all the way, completely)
Kate was watching TV when we Kate watched television a lot when she
arrived. was ill last year.

We often use the past simple and the past continuous together to say that something happened in the
middle of something else:
Matt phoned while we were having dinner.
It was raining when I got up.
I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.
I hurt my back while I was working in the garden.

But we use the past simple to say that one thing happened after another:
I was walking along the road when I saw Dan. So i stopped, and we had a chat.

Compare:

When Karen arrived, we were having U When Karen arrived, we had dinner.
dinner. (= we had already started (= Karen arrived, and then we had
before she arrived) dinner)

Some verbs (for example, know and want) are not normally used in the continuous (see Unit 4A):
We were good friends. We knew each other well. (not We were knowing)
I was enjoying the party, but Chris wanted to go home. (not was wanting)
Exercises
Wh at were you doing at these times? Write sentences as in the examples. The past continuous
is not always necessary (see the second example).
1 (at 8 o'clock yesterday evening) I was having dinner . ...... .................. .............
2 (at 5 o'clock last Monday) I was on a bus on my way home.
3 (at 10.15 yesterday morning) I was .......
studying ............
English ............. ......
4 (at 4.30 this morning) I was sleeping
5 (at 7.45 yesterday evening) I was teaching my students . .
6 (half an hour ago) .... .. doing
I was ................................................................
homework .......

Use your own ideas to complete the sentences. Use the past continuous.
1 Matt phoned while we w e re having dxnner
2 The doorbell rang while I was taking shower
3 The car began to make a strange noise when we were driving on the road
4 Jessica fell asleep while she was having
....... a meeting
5 The television was on, but nobody...................
was watching

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

I saw (see) Sue in town I met (meet) I was cycling (cycle) home
yesterday, but she ...
didn't Tom and Jane at the airport a yesterday when a man
see (not / see) me. few weeks ago. They were stepped (step) out
She was looking going (go) to Paris and into the road in front of me. I
(look) the other way. I was going (go) was going (go) quite fast,
to Rome. We ........
had (have) but luckily I ..........................
managed
a chat while we were (manage) to stop in time and
waiting (wait) for our flights. didn't hit (not / hit) him.

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1 Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
2 'What .......was you doing (you / do) at this time yesterday?' 'I was asleep.'
3 ‘ ....
Did you go (you/go)outlast night?' ‘No, I was too tired.'
4 How fast are you driving (you / drive) when the accident happened
(happen)?
5 Sam was taking
...................................... (take) a picture of me while I wasn't looking
(not / look).
6 We were in a very difficult position. We didn't know (not / know) what to do.
7 I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last ...
saw (see) him, he
was trying (try) to find a job.
8 I .......
was walking . ... (walk) along the street when suddenly I heard
(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody was following (follow) me. I was
scared and I started (start) to run.
9 When I was young, I .............................. wanted (want)tobeapilot.
10 Last night I ... dropped ...(drop)aplatewhen ! was doing (do) the
washing-up. Fortunately it didn't break (not/break).

-» Additional exercise 1 (page 302) 13