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Week 4 Lesson 1 (Day 1-4)

I. CURRICULUM CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of conversion of
Standards computer number systems
B. Performance
Standards

C. Learning The learners apply conversion of computer systems (Binary

Competenci and octal)
es
II. CONTENT: Conversion of Computer Number System (Binary and octal)
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Department of Education. “MATATAG Curriculum in TLE-7
A. References ICT.” Accessed July 6, 2024.

B. Other
Learning
Resources
IV. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURES
Day 1
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
“Good day, class! Who here has seen the movie The Matrix
or noticed computers showing long lines of 0s and 1s? What
do you think those numbers mean?”
(Prompt students to share brief answers. Acknowledge
responses.)
Activating Prior
Knowledge
“Great! These 0s and 1s are a way that computers store and
process information. We call this binary code.

Today, we’ll be learning about how computers use number

systems like binary, octal, and decimal to work with data.”
Lesson Today, we’ll begin exploring how computers use numbers
Purpose/Intention differently than we do. While we use the decimal system
(base 10), which includes digits from 0 to 9, computers
operate using the binary system (base 2), which only uses
0s and 1s.

We’ll dive into the binary number system today and discover
how it’s essential for computer processing. Later this week,
we’ll also explore the octal number system (base 8), which
is another way computers group binary numbers.

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 By the end this session, you should be able to:
1. define key terms such as binary, base, digit, and
conversion;
2. convert at least 2 out of 3 decimal numbers to
binary accurately;
3. decode a short binary message and analyze how
binary is used to represent letters and data in
computing.

“Now, let’s review some key vocabulary that we’ll be using a

lot this week. Repeat after me:
1. Binary – This refers to the number system computers
use, which consists only of the digits 0 and 1.
2. Base – This refers to the number of unique digits
used in a number system. For example, base 10
(decimal) uses 10 digits (0-9), and base 2 (binary)
uses 2 digits (0 and 1).
Lesson Language
3. Digit – A single symbol used in a number system. In
Practice
the decimal system, the digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.
4. Conversion – The process of changing a number
from one system to another, like from decimal to
binary or vice versa.

Great! We’ll be using these words a lot this week as we

explore different number systems.”

During/Lesson Proper
“Today, we’ll start with the binary number system. It’s a
base-2 system, which means it uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
Why is this important? Because computers use binary to
process data. Every image, sound, and piece of text you see
on a computer is ultimately stored and processed as a series
Reading the Key of 0s and 1s, or bits.”
Idea/Stem (Write on the board as you explain:)
Binary = Base 2 → Digits: 0, 1
"Binary is the language of computers because electronic
circuits only have two possible states: on or off. These two
states correspond to 1 and 0 in binary."

Developing “Let me show you how binary counting works.”

Understanding of (Use a table and projector/board to show binary values of 0–
the Key Idea/Stem 15 alongside decimal equivalents)

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 Decima Binar
l y
0 0000
1 0001
... ...
15 1111
“Let’s try converting decimal numbers to binary together.
What is the binary of 5?”
(Solve on the board: 5 ÷ 2 = 2 R1 → 2 ÷ 2 = 1 R0 → 1 ÷ 2 =
0 R1 → Answer = 101)

Group Work: Give students 3 decimal numbers (e.g., 6, 10,

13) to convert into binary in pairs.

“Now, I’ll give you a secret message using binary. Let’s

Deepening decode it together!”
Understanding of
the Key Idea/Stem (E.g., 01000001 = A, 01000010 = B)

After/Post-Lesson Proper
“Binary is the way computers represent data. Every
Making
number, letter, or image you see on your screen starts as 0s
Generalizations
and 1s.”
and Abstractions

Quiz: Convert the following to binary:

1. 4
Evaluating
2. 7
Learning
3. 9

Additional Additional Activity:

Activities for “Try finding the binary equivalent of your birth date’s day
Application or number (e.g., 15 for the 15th) as homework!”
Remediation (if
applicable)
Remarks
Reflection
Day 2
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
Activating Prior "Good day, everyone! I hope you’re all doing well today. I’m
Knowledge excited to kick off a fun and interesting topic—how

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 computers 'think' using numbers! Now, we all know that we
use the decimal system every day, right? Numbers from 0 to
9. But guess what? Computers use a completely different
system to represent all the information we see on our
screens. It’s called binary, and it only uses two digits: 0 and
1. Over the next few days, we’ll learn how these 0s and 1s
work, how to read them, and even how to convert them into
other number systems. Ready to start?

Let’s get to it!"

“Today, we’re going to dive into converting numbers
between the decimal system (the one we use every day)
and the binary system (the language of computers!).
By the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. define and use the terms convert, place value, and
Lesson
power of 2;
Purpose/Intention
2. convert at least four decimal numbers to binary and
vice versa; and
3. analyze binary numbers and correctly identify their
decimal equivalents in real-time.

"Let's quickly go over some key terms that will help us

today:"
1. Convert: "When we 'convert' something, we change it
from one form to another. Today, we’ll convert
numbers from decimal to binary and vice versa."
2. Place Value: "Place value tells us the value of each
digit in a number based on its position. For example,
in the number 12, the place value of 1 is 10, and the
Lesson Language
place value of 2 is 1."
Practice
3. Power of 2: "In binary, each digit's place value is a
power of 2, like 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, and so on. These
powers will help us understand how the binary system
works."
"Now, let’s say these words together: Convert, Place Value,
Power of 2. Great! These terms will help us unlock the
mysteries of binary numbers."

During/Lesson Proper
Reading the Key "Let’s look at how binary numbers work. Each digit in a
Idea/Stem binary number represents a power of 2. For example, in the
binary number 1101, we have four places, each
representing a power of 2."

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  The first digit (from the right) represents 202^020, or
1.
 The second digit represents 212^121, or 2.
 The third digit represents 222^222, or 4.
 The fourth digit represents 232^323, or 8.
So, we can break down the binary number 1101 like this:
1101=(1×8)+(1×4)+(0×2)+(1×1)=131101 = (1 \times 8) +
(1 \times 4) + (0 \times 2) + (1 \times 1) =
131101=(1×8)+(1×4)+(0×2)+(1×1)=13
"Therefore, 1101 in binary is equal to 13 in decimal. This is
how we convert binary numbers into decimal numbers."

Developing "Let’s now practice converting decimal numbers to binary

Understanding of and binary numbers to decimal together. I’ll walk through a
the Key Idea few examples on the board to help you get the hang of it."

Decimal to Binary:
1. 12 in decimal:
o 12 ÷ 2 = 6, remainder 0
o 6 ÷ 2 = 3, remainder 0
o 3 ÷ 2 = 1, remainder 1
o 1 ÷ 2 = 0, remainder 1
o Result: 1100 (Read from bottom to top: 1, 1, 0,
0)
12 in decimal = 1100 in binary.

2. 7 in decimal:
o 7 ÷ 2 = 3, remainder 1
o 3 ÷ 2 = 1, remainder 1
o 1 ÷ 2 = 0, remainder 1
o Result: 111
7 in decimal = 111 in binary.

3. 20 in decimal:
o 20 ÷ 2 = 10, remainder 0
o 10 ÷ 2 = 5, remainder 0
o 5 ÷ 2 = 2, remainder 1
o 2 ÷ 2 = 1, remainder 0
o 1 ÷ 2 = 0, remainder 1
o Result: 10100
20 in decimal = 10100 in binary.

Binary to Decimal:

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 1. 1010 in binary:
o From right to left: 1×23=81 \times 2^3 =
81×23=8, 0×22=00 \times 2^2 = 00×22=0,
1×21=21 \times 2^1 = 21×21=2, 0×20=00 \
times 2^0 = 00×20=0
o Result: 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10
1010 in binary = 10 in decimal.

2. 1100 in binary:
o From right to left: 1×23=81 \times 2^3 =
81×23=8, 1×22=41 \times 2^2 = 41×22=4,
0×21=00 \times 2^1 = 00×21=0, 0×20=00 \
times 2^0 = 00×20=0
o Result: 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 12
1100 in binary = 12 in decimal.

3. 1111 in binary:
o From right to left: 1×23=81 \times 2^3 =
81×23=8, 1×22=41 \times 2^2 = 41×22=4,
1×21=21 \times 2^1 = 21×21=2, 1×20=11 \
times 2^0 = 11×20=1
o Result: 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15
1111 in binary = 15 in decimal.

Pair Work:
 Now, let’s practice together. Pair up with a partner
and convert the following numbers. You can help each
other out, and I’ll come around to assist.

Decimal to Binary:
 9
 15
 5
Binary to Decimal:
 1101
 1011
 1001

Partner Activity:
 Convert these numbers with your partner. If you get
stuck, raise your hand for help! Let’s see how well we
can master these conversions.

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 "Alright, class! Let’s make this fun with a Binary Challenge.
I’ll flash a binary number on the screen, and the first person
to raise their hand with the correct decimal answer gets a
point! Ready?"

(Show the following binary numbers one by one on the

screen and give students time to think before calling out
answers.)
1. 1010
"What is this in decimal?"
2. 1101
"What is this in decimal?"
Deepening
3. 1001
Understanding of
"What is this in decimal?"
the Key Idea/Stem
4. 1110
"What is this in decimal?"
5. 1011
"What is this in decimal?"

Keep score of the points and encourage friendly

competition!

"Great job everyone! Remember, practicing these

conversions helps you get faster and more confident with
working in binary. Keep practicing!"

After/Post-Lesson Proper
“Converting between binary and decimal helps us
understand how data is stored, calculated, and transmitted
in computers. Whether you're programming, working with
Making data, or just curious about how technology works, this skill is
Generalization essential. Computers think in binary, so understanding how
to convert between these two systems gives you a deeper
insight into the inner workings of the digital world.”

Evaluating Convert the following:

Learning 1. Binary to Decimal:
1010 = _______
2. Decimal to Binary:
15 = _______
3. Decimal to Octal:
45 = _______
4. Octal to Decimal:

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 52₈ = _______
5. Binary to Octal:
110101 = _______
6. Octal to Binary:
37₈ = _______
7. Binary to Decimal:
1111 = _______
8. Decimal to Octal:
63 = _______

Additional
Activities

Remarks

Reflection

Day 3
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
"Good day, class! Have you ever counted using your fingers
and noticed you can only go up to 10? What if we had 8
fingers? That’s similar to how the octal system works—it's a
base-8 number system, using only the digits 0 to 7. Let’s
think about how counting would change if we only had eight
Activating Prior
digits to work with."
Knowledge

(Allow students to share thoughts and ideas briefly.)

“Today, we’re going to explore the octal system and how it's
used in computing, just like binary and decimal systems.”
Lesson “Today we explore the octal system—a base-8 number
Purpose/Intention system that’s often used in programming and memory
representation. We’ll learn how to convert decimal numbers
to octal and understand where the octal system is used in
real-world applications, especially in computing.

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

1. define the terms "octal," "base 8," and
"grouping";
2. explain the terms "octal," "base 8," and
"grouping";
3. convert decimal numbers to octal and octal

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 numbers to decimal; and
Before we proceed to our lesson let us first study the
following terminologies:
1. Octal: A number system with base 8, using digits 0 to
7.
2. Base 8: Refers to the octal number system, where
each digit represents a power of 8.
Lesson Language 3. Grouping: The process of dividing a number into
Practice groups of 3 digits when converting between decimal
and octal.

“Let’s say these words together: Octal, Base 8, and

Grouping. Great! We’ll use these terms to understand the
octal system.

During/Lesson Proper
“The octal number system is base 8. It uses digits 0 to 7.
Computers sometimes use octal to shorten long binary
numbers, making them easier to work with. For example,
instead of writing 111000, you could write 70 in octal.”

Write on the board:

Reading the Key
 Octal = Base 8 → Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Idea/Stem
 Binary to Octal Example:
o Binary: 111 000 → Octal: 7 0

“Just like binary is based on powers of 2, octal is based on

powers of 8. We’ll look at how to convert between decimal,
binary, and octal.”

Developing Teacher's Demonstration:

Understanding of 1. Decimal to Octal Conversion:
the Key Idea o Start with decimal number 20:
 Divide 20 by 8 → quotient = 2, remainder
=4
 Divide 2 by 8 → quotient = 0, remainder
=2
 Reading the remainders from bottom to
top: 20 (decimal) = 24 (octal)
Write on the board:
o Decimal to Octal Example:
20 (decimal) → 24 (octal)

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 2. Octal to Decimal Conversion:
o Start with octal number 25₈:
 25₈ = (2 × 8) + (5 × 1)
 25₈ = 16 + 5 = 21 (decimal)
Write on the board:
o Octal to Decimal Example:
25₈ → 21 (decimal)

“Remember, when converting from decimal to octal, you

divide by 8 and write down the remainders. For octal to
decimal, multiply each digit by the corresponding power of
8, and then add them up!”

Pair Practice:
In pairs, students will practice converting the following
numbers:
 Decimal to Octal: 18, 35, 56
 Octal to Decimal: 16₈, 42₈, 57₈

Teacher:
“Take 10 minutes to work together. Help each other out and
let’s discuss the answers afterward!”

Deepening "Now, let's work with binary numbers! The cool thing about
Understanding of octal is that we can group binary digits into sets of three,
the Key Idea/Stem and each group will represent one octal digit."
Steps:
1. Group the binary number into sets of 3 digits
starting from the right. If needed, add leading zeros to
make the last group a full set of 3 digits.
2. Convert each group to its corresponding octal
value.
Example:
Binary number 110110
 Group: 110 | 110
 Convert each group:
o 110 (binary) = 6 (octal)
o 110 (binary) = 6 (octal)
So, 110110 (binary) = 66 (octal).

Activity:
Students will group binary numbers into sets of 3 and
convert to octal.

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 Example binary numbers:
 101011
 110011
 111010
Teacher:
"Work in pairs to group and convert these binary numbers
into octal. You have 5 minutes. Afterward, we'll review
together!"

Post-Activity Discussion:
Teacher asks: "What happens when we group binary
numbers in sets of 3? How does it make conversion easier?"
(Allow students to share their thoughts and reinforce the
technique's efficiency.)

After/Post-Lesson
Proper
"To summarize, octal is used in computing to make long
binary numbers more manageable. By grouping binary digits
in sets of three, we can represent the same information
using fewer digits. This is really helpful in programming, as it
simplifies data and makes it easier to work with."
Key Takeaway:
"Every 3 binary digits correspond to 1 octal digit. This makes
converting between binary and octal much quicker and
more efficient."
Example:
Making  Binary: 101011
Generalization  Group: 101 | 011
 Octal: 5 3
So, 101011 (binary) = 53 (octal).

Teacher Prompt for Reflection:

"Now that we’ve seen how octal helps with simplifying
binary numbers, can you think of situations in programming
or technology where this would be useful?"
(Allow students to share responses and connect the lesson
to real-world applications.)

Evaluating "Now that you've learned about octal and how to convert
Learning between decimal and octal, it's time to test your skills! I will
give you a short worksheet with two questions. Remember
the steps we discussed for conversion, and take your time to

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 work through them."
Worksheet:
1. Convert 45 (decimal) to octal.
o Hint: Divide by 8 and keep track of the
remainders.
2. Convert 101101 (binary) to octal.
o Hint: Group the binary digits in sets of 3,
starting from the right, and then convert each
group to octal.

Teacher Prompt:
"Take about 5–8 minutes to complete the worksheet. After
that, we will go over the answers together."
(Allow time for students to work on the task.)

Additional
Activities

Remarks

Reflection

Day 4
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
"Before we start, let's warm up by recalling what we've
learned. Can anyone tell me the octal equivalent of the
binary number 100101? And how about the decimal number
Activating Prior
64—what's its binary equivalent?"
Knowledge
(Allow students to respond, giving brief feedback on their
answers and reinforcing any concepts as needed.)

Lesson "Today, we'll learn how to convert directly between binary
Purpose/Intention and octal numbers, without using decimal as a bridge. This
skill is important because it allows us to understand how
computers efficiently compress and store data.

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

1. accurately convert at least 3 binary numbers to
their octal equivalents using the grouping
method;
2. convert each digit into its correct 3-bit binary
equivalent; and
3. identify and apply the concept of grouping in
converting a 9-digit binary number to octal

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 correctly.

"Let’s review some key terms we'll use today:

1. Grouping: When we group binary digits into sets of 3
to convert to octal.
2. Shortcut: The method we use to simplify binary-to-
octal conversion without going through decimal.
Lesson Language
3. Equivalent: The binary and octal numbers that
Practice
represent the same value."

Teacher: "Say these with me: Grouping, Shortcut,

Equivalent!"

During/Lesson Proper
"To convert from binary to octal, we start by grouping the
Reading the Key binary digits in sets of three, beginning from the right. Then,
Idea/Stem convert each group to its octal equivalent."
(Write on the board: Example - 101101 → Group in threes →
101 101 → 5 5 → 55 in octal)

"Let’s break it down: 101101 can be grouped as 101 and

101. In octal, 101 is 5 and 101 is also 5, so the binary
number 101101 becomes 55 in octal."
Teacher: "Now, let's try a few more examples together."

Developing "Now let’s practice converting binary to octal and octal to

Understanding of binary."
the Key Idea
Example 1:
Binary to Octal
Take 101110 (binary). To convert it to octal, we group the
digits in threes, starting from the right:
101 110 → The octal equivalent of 101 is 5, and the octal
equivalent of 110 is 6.
So, 101110 (binary) = 56 (octal).

Example 2:
Octal to Binary
Take 73 (octal). To convert it to binary, we convert each
octal digit to its binary equivalent:
7 = 111 and 3 = 011.
So, 73 (octal) = 111011 (binary).

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 "Now it’s your turn. In groups, convert these numbers:
1. 110101 (binary) to octal
2. 67 (octal) to binary"

(Students work in pairs or groups to complete the activity.)

Teacher walks around to provide assistance.

Alright, it's time for a challenge! Let's see who can convert a
9-digit binary number into octal in under 30 seconds. Here's
the number:"

Binary Number:
110110101

Teacher:

"Remember, group the digits into sets of three from the

right and then convert each group to its octal equivalent."

(Students work to solve the challenge.)

Teacher:
Deepening
"Who has the answer? Let’s check it together!"
Understanding of
the Key Idea/Stem
Solution:
1. Group the digits in threes:
110 110 101
2. Convert each group to octal:
110 = 6
110 = 6
101 = 5

Final Answer:
110110101 (binary) = 665 (octal)

"Great job! By converting in groups of three, we make the

process faster and easier."

After/Post-Lesson
Proper

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 "Let's wrap up with an important takeaway. Binary and octal
are closely connected! While binary uses only 0s and 1s,
octal simplifies things by grouping the binary digits into sets
of three, making it easier to read and write long binary
numbers."

"Just like when we count with our fingers, octal groups help
Making
us condense and organize information more efficiently. In
Generalization
computing, this is really helpful for data storage and
processing!"

"Remember, the process of grouping binary into octal makes

it much simpler to deal with large numbers. It’s like a
shortcut for dealing with binary data!"

"Let's check how well you've understood the concept with a

quick quiz. For each question, take your time to think
through the steps."
Quiz:
1. Convert 101100 (binary) to octal.
Evaluating
2. Convert 57 (octal) to binary.
Learning
Teacher:
"Remember to group your binary digits in sets of three when
converting to octal, and for octal to binary, just convert each
digit to a 3-bit binary equivalent. Go ahead and try them!"

“Tech Match-Up
Challenge”.
Find a classmate and form a
pair. One will be Player 1, the
other Player 2. Scan the QR
Additional code provided. The Player with
Activities the highest score wins the
game. The objective of this
activity is to enhance
students’ understanding of
Octal to Binary conversion.

Remarks

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Reflection

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