Answer 1

A Rotor position sensing operation :

1. To control the SR motor satisfactori ly, the motor phases are excited at
the rotor angles determined by the control method. It is therefore
essential to have know ledge of the rotor position.
2. Furthermo re , the rotor-angle inform ation must be accurate and have
high resolution to . allow implement ation of the more sophisticated
non-linear control schemes that can mjnimize torque ripple and optimize
the motor performanc e.
3. This means that the performance of an SR drive depends on the accurate
position sensing. The efficiency of the drive and it s torque output can
be greatly decreased by the inaccurate position sensin g, and the
correspond ing inaccurate excitation angles.
4. Traditional ly, the rotor-positi on informatio n has been measur ed using
some form of mechanica l angle transducer or encoder •
5. However, although position sensing is required for the motor operation)
the position-m easuremen t sensors are often undesirabl e .
6. The disadvanta ges of the electromec hanical sensors in clude the
following:
a. The position sensors have a tendency to .be unreliable .
b. The cost of the sensors rises with the position resolution .
C. The allocation of space for the mounting of the position sensor may be
a problem.
7. Hence, to overcome the problems induced by rotor-posit ion transducers ,
researcher s have developed sertsorless rotor-posi tion estimation
methods.
B. Sensorles s operation :
1. In general, for torque or speed control of a switched reluctance machine
(SRM), position feedback from an encoder or resolver is necessary.
2. Ho":~ver, in order to reduce the cost and volume of the motor drive,
posi~ion sensorless control of SRM becomes an alternativ e solution to
obtain the rotor position.
3. A diagram of clas ·fiicat rnn
· f ·
F' 3 10 1 p . s1 o sensorless methods for SRMs is shown in
;~· . . ..1 ass1ve rotor position estimation based on the measuremen t
o erm1na voltage and ph .
additiona] hardw _ase current of active phases does not reqwre
are a nd it does not generate additional power losses.
 3-1 8 D (EN -Se m- 6)
8w 1tc h ~d R('l u ct~ n<'e Mo tor

PaRR1 v e { j I<'lnx hR ~f'<l mPth<J r! I

me tho d R
f l n d nrtanr P h~ ,, d m<>thod 1
Sen sor les s __ __
me tho ds
..___
Act i vP
n1e tho d R
l { HignR I inj,,rt ion m~ tho d I
Co mp uta tio n
int en siv e
me tho ds
Ne ura l net ~ k J
Fig. 3.1 0. 1. Cla ssi fic atio n of pos ition sen sorless
con tto l·s,chetnes for SRM.
4. Sel f-in du ct anc e-b ase d pos itio n est im ati
on and the flux -ba sed r 0 t n r
pos itio n est im ati on are two app roa che s of
passive p~s ition s~nsorle ...;s
tec hni que s.
-
0. Sig nal inj ect ion me tho d is a me tho d
for low s pee d ope r ati on
Hig h-f req uen cy sig nal is inj ect ed to the
ina ctiv e pha se to obt a Ln the
ind uct anc e, wh ich is lat er con ver ted.in rot
or pos itio n.
6. Co mp uta tio n int ens ive me tho ds suc h as
obs erv er-bas ed es t imat1o n
and ne ura l ne tw ork are als o use d. Th ey
show som e rob ust nes s or
m od el ind ep en de nc e, ho we ver , the y req
uir e hig h com p uta tio nal
com ple xit y.
7. As t h e spe ed inc rea ses , the ove rla ppi ng
reg ion of the activ e pha:,e~
becom es sig nif ica nt an d mu tua l flux can
not be neg lec ted any nh) re .
Th e a ccu rac y of ho.th ind uct anc e-b ase d
and flu x lin kag e-base<l r o tu c
pos itio n est im ati on me tho ds red uce at hig
her spe ed due to the mu tu~ tl
flux bet we en act ive ph ase s. ·
8. In ad dit io n , tor qu e s h ar ing fun ct
ion (TS F ) is_ w id t- h u-.;L, J tn
·ins t a n t an eou tor q·ue con tro l t o re duc e con
s . • 1tn utu twn t or q lh.• t l ~l,)lL'
Wh en TS F is appli ed , ove rla pping a·reaHof
in:co1nin g and out gut n~ µh, l=-lt..' ":I
· ·fi t
a re s1gnJ 1can eve n u . t )ow 1-1 1)ee d 'l'h c r:P fon•, ntu tu a l Hu \. h . t~ Lu b'
· . · . -'
d h ' . ,. 'l.Jr ·ilf
con s1d ere to ac iev e a c · c , P, ,s t irnat10n of rol ot po ,:-; Ll 1u 11 L) 'vt' l' , l "" tth.\
'
spe ed ran ge.
 Que 8.11. IExplain the closed loop _control analysis of SRM.
Answer
1. In closed loop control of SRM the speed error is determined from
reference speed and actual speed.
2. After this speed error is processed through PI controller and limiter to
produce reference torque.
3. From reference torque , reference curre nt is obt ain ed .
4. Reference current is added and subtracted with t..i t o i max' imi n which
determines switching of the phase.
th
5. Based on the rotor information current is injected into e Phase
'
windings.
6. Simplified model of the closed loop control of SRM is shown in
Fig. 3.11.1.

Switching single
generator
e

PWM Motor
. PI

Que .s :i~;) Write the advantag~s, disadvantag es and application of

..: ,'~. -.:-;':-'~

switched reluctance motor.

Ans.',,,.w er:, :<, 1
i
A , Advantages :
1. . Construction is simple and robust
2. Rotor carries no windings, no slip rings, no brushes, less maintenance.
3. There is no permanent magnet.
4. Power semiconductor switching circuit is simple.
5. Developed torque doesn't depend upon the polarity of c~rrent in the
phase winding.
6. The operation of the machine can be easily changed from motoring
mode to generating · t he _region
mod e bY varying .
. of conduction.
.
 3 -20 D (E N -S em -6
)

7.E n er g y st o re d in th
e p h ase w in di ng is fp
th e fe ed b ac k di od es fl h~ rk to th P Q,, p p b t h r0
. . ug h
B. D is a d v a n ta g es
: It re q u ir es p0 Rit1on
Re n Ro r s.
c. A p p li ca ti o n s :
1. W as h in g m ac h in es
2. V ac u u m cl ea n er
3 _ A u to m o b il e ap pl ic at io ns
4 _ R ob ot ic co n tr o l ap pl ic at io ns .