Arduino: Introduction

What is Arduino?

 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform

based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a
sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message -
and turn it into an output - activating a motor,
turning on an LED, publishing something online.
You can tell your board what to do by sending a set
of instructions to the microcontroller on the board.
To do so you use the Arduino programming language
(based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE),
based on Processing.
 Benefits - Arduino Board
 Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled
 Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and
Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
 Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-
use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For
teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so
students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino
IDE works.
 Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open
source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be
expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details
can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's
based.
 Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make
their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively
inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to
understand how it works and save money.
Arduino Hardware
 Arduino Hardware

 Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on

the ATmega328P (datasheet).
 It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a
USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a
reset button.
 It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller;
 simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started
 "Uno"

 "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark

the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0.
 The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software
(IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases.
 The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform.
 Arduino Family

 Nano Family
 The Nano Family is a set of boards with a tiny
footprint, packed with features. It ranges from the
inexpensive, basic Nano Every, to the more feature-
packed Nano 33 BLE Sense / Nano RP2040 Connect
that has Bluetooth® / Wi-Fi radio modules.
 These boards also have a set of embedded sensors,
such as temperature/humidity, pressure, gesture,
microphone and more. They can also be
programmed with MicroPython and supports
Machine Learning.
Nano family
 MKR Family

 The MKR Family is a series of boards, shields & carriers

that can be combined to create amazing projects without
any additional circuitry.
 Each board is equipped with a radio module (except
MKR Zero), that enables Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, LoRa®,
Sigfox, NB-IoT communication.
 All boards in the family are based on the Cortex-M0 32-
bit SAMD21 low power processor, and are equipped with
a crypto chip for secure communication.
 The MKR Family shields & carriers are designed to
extend the functions of the board: such as environmental
sensors, GPS, Ethernet, motor control and RGB matrix.
 Classic Family

 In the Classic Family, you will find boards such as

the legendary Arduino UNO and other classics such
as the Leonardo & Micro.
 These boards are considered the backbone of the
Arduino project, and has been a success for many
years
 Mega Family

 In the Mega family, you will find the boards for the
projects that demand lots of computing power and
GPIO pins.(general purpose input/ output pins)
 Programming with Arduino

 Follow this link

https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/getting-
started-arduino/
 Raspberry Pi: Introduction

 What is Raspberry Pi?

 Raspberry Pi is a small single board computer. By
connecting peripherals like Keyboard, mouse,
display to the Raspberry Pi, it will act as a mini
personal computer.
 Raspberry Pi is popularly used for real time
Image/Video Processing, IoT based applications and
Robotics applications.
 Raspberry Pi is slower than laptop or desktop but is
still a computer which can provide all the expected
features or abilities, at a low power consumption.
 OS for Raspberry Pi

 Raspberry Pi Foundation officially provides Debian based

Raspbian OS. Also, they provide NOOBS OS for Raspberry Pi.
 We can install several Third-Party versions of OS like Ubuntu,
Archlinux, RISC OS, Windows 10 IOT Core, etc.
 Raspbian OS is official Operating System available for free to
use. This OS is efficiently optimized to use with Raspberry Pi.
Raspbian have GUI which includes tools for Browsing, Python
programming, office, games, etc.
 We should use SD card (minimum 8 GB recommended) to
store the OS (operating System).
 Raspberry Pi is more than computer as it provides access to
the on-chip hardware i.e. GPIOs general-purpose
input/output (GPIO) for developing an application. By
accessing GPIO, we can connect devices like LED, motors,
sensors, etc and can control them too.
 Raspberry Pi processor

 It has ARM based Broadcom Processor SoC (Security

Operation Center) along with on-chip GPU
(Graphics Processing Unit).
 The CPU speed of Raspberry Pi varies from 700 MHz
to 1.2 GHz. Also, it has on-board SDRAM that ranges
from 256 MB to 1 GB.
 Raspberry Pi also provides on-chip SPI, I2C, I2S and
UART modules.

https://www.electronicwings.com/raspberry-
pi/raspberry-pi-introduction