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    More Logic Exercises-Answers

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    jaani_samt
    The document contains examples of converting statements to standard predicate logic using various predicates. In example 1, statements are converted about paper clips, boxes, and metals. Example 2 converts statements about swimming pools, noise, and places. Example 3 deals with body parts, living things, and rhythms. Example 4 handles medical statements about patients, heart attacks, and heart features. The final example 5 covers family relationships like parents, ancestors, and siblings.

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    More Logic Exercises-Answers

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    jaani_samt
    406 views3 pages
    The document contains examples of converting statements to standard predicate logic using various predicates. In example 1, statements are converted about paper clips, boxes, and metals. Example 2 converts statements about swimming pools, noise, and places. Example 3 deals with body parts, living things, and rhythms. Example 4 handles medical statements about patients, heart attacks, and heart features. The final example 5 covers family relationships like parents, ancestors, and siblings.

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    The document contains examples of converting statements to standard predicate logic using various predicates. In example 1, statements are converted about paper clips, boxes, and metals. Example 2 converts statements about swimming pools, noise, and places. Example 3 deals with body parts, living things, and rhythms. Example 4 handles medical statements about patients, heart attacks, and heart features. The final example 5 covers family relationships like parents, ancestors, and siblings.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    406 views3 pages

    More Logic Exercises-Answers

    Uploaded by

    jaani_samt
    The document contains examples of converting statements to standard predicate logic using various predicates. In example 1, statements are converted about paper clips, boxes, and metals. Example 2 converts statements about swimming pools, noise, and places. Example 3 deals with body parts, living things, and rhythms. Example 4 handles medical statements about patients, heart attacks, and heart features. The final example 5 covers family relationships like parents, ancestors, and siblings.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    More logic exercises

    1. Convert the following to standard predicate logic using the predicates indicated
    Paper_clip x comes_in x y made_of x y Metal x ductile x Conduction x has_quality x y well x poorly x Box x

    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

    Some paper clips come in boxes


    x y . Paper_clip x Box y comes_in x y

    All paper clips are made of ductile metal


    x . Paper_clip x y . Metal y Ductile y and made_of x y

    All metals conduct electricity well


    x . Metal x y z . Conduction y well z has_quality x y has_quality y z

    All metals of which paper clips are made are ductile


    x . Metal x ( y . Paper_clip y made_of x y) ductile x

    2. Convert the following to standard predicate logic using the predicates indicated
    Swimming_pool x Large x Noisy x (for quiet use Noisy x) Steamy x Unpleasant x Place x

    2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

    All large swimming pools are noisy and steamy places


    x . Swimming_pool x Large x noisy x steamy x

    All noisy and steamy places are unpleasant


    x . Noisy x Steamy x Unpleasant x

    All noisy and steam places except swimming pools are unpleasant
    x Noisy x Steamy x Swimming_pool x Unpleasant x

    The club swimming pool is small and quiet


    Small the_club_swimming_pool Noisy the_club_swimming_pool

    3. Convert the following to standard predicate logic using the predicates indicated
    Person x Femur x Sinus_rhythm x Eye x

    90323489.doc

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    Leg x Eye x part_of x y has x y

    Seeing x Living x Rhythm x Regular x

    3.1 3.2 3.3

    All femurs are part of legs


    x . Femur x ( y . Leg y part_of x y)

    All living hearts have a rhythm


    x. Heart x Living x ( y . Rhythm y has x y)

    All hearts with a sinus rhythm have a regular rhythm


    Literally: x . Heart x ( y . Sinus_rhythm y has x y) ( z . Rhythm z Regular z has x z) The probable English meaning is that it is the same rhythm, so a variant is:# x y. Heart x Sinus_rhythm y has x y Regular y It may be worth pointing out the different behaviour of quantifiers in these examples and their different meaning

    3.4 3.5

    Not all eyes are seeing


    ( x . Eye x Seeing x)

    All people have two eyes


    x . Person x y z . Eye y Eye z has x y has x z y z

    4. Convert the following to standard predicate logic using the predicates indicated
    Patient x has x Heart_attack x Cholesterol x High x level x y Murmur x Ventricle x Valve x at_risk_of x y Normal x

    4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

    Some patients who have heart attacks have high cholesterol


    x y z. Patient x Heart_attack y has x y Cholesterol z High z

    Some patients who have high cholesterol have heart attacks


    x y . Patient x Cholesterol y High y Heart_attack z has x z

    All patients who have high cholesterol are at risk of heart attack
    x y . Patient x Cholesterol y High y has x y ( z . Heart_attack z at_risk_of x z)

    All normal hearts have two ventricles


    x . Heart x Normal x ( y z . Ventricle y Ventricle z has x y has x z y z)

    All normal hearts have four valves


    x . Heart x Normal x y z w u . Valve y Valve z Valve w valve u has x y has x z has x w has x u y z y w y u z w z u w u

    4.6

    Some hearts have murmurs


    x y . Heart x Murmur y has x y

    90323489.doc

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    5. Convert the following to standard predicate logic using the predicates indicated
    Person x Child x parent x y Male x Female x ancestor x y sibling x y

    5.1 5.2 5.3

    All people have two parents


    x . Person x ( y z . Person y Person z parent y x parent z x y z)

    No person is both male and female


    ( x . Person x Male x Female x)

    All people have one male parent and one female parent
    x . Person x ( y z . Person y Male y parent y x Person z Female z parent z x)

    5.4 Ancestors of a person are defined as the persons parents or the persons parents ancestors.
    x y . Person y (ancestor x y (parent x y ( z . parent z y ancestor x z)))

    5.5

    One child is a sibling of another if they both have the same two parents
    x y . Child x Child y ( z w . z w Parent z x Parent z y Parent w x Parent w y) Sibling x y

    90323489.doc

    14/03/2001 02:10:00 PM

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