The document provides an overview of algorithm design and analysis, covering key concepts such as characteristics of algorithms, asymptotic analysis, and various algorithmic strategies including brute force, greedy methods, and dynamic programming. It also discusses graph and tree algorithms, tractable versus intractable problems, and advanced topics like approximation and randomized algorithms. Each module outlines essential techniques and their applications in solving computational problems.
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Design_and_Analysis_of_Algorithms_Notes
The document provides an overview of algorithm design and analysis, covering key concepts such as characteristics of algorithms, asymptotic analysis, and various algorithmic strategies including brute force, greedy methods, and dynamic programming. It also discusses graph and tree algorithms, tractable versus intractable problems, and advanced topics like approximation and randomized algorithms. Each module outlines essential techniques and their applications in solving computational problems.
- Traversals: DFS (deep first), BFS (level by level).
- Shortest Paths: Dijkstra's (non-negative), Bellman-Ford (handles negatives). - MST: Kruskal's (edge-based), Prim's (node-based). - Topological Sort: For DAGs, task ordering. - Transitive Closure: Reachability via Floyd-Warshall. - Network Flow: Ford-Fulkerson for max flow.
Module 4: Tractable and Intractable Problems
- Tractable (P): Solvable in polynomial time.
- Intractable (NP, NP-Complete, NP-Hard): - NP: Verifiable in polynomial time. - NP-Complete: Hardest in NP (e.g., SAT). - NP-Hard: At least as hard as NP-Complete. - Cook's Theorem: SAT is NP-Complete. - Reductions: Proving problem hardness by transformations.