Experiment 2 Lab Report
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132101029Experiment 2 Lab Report
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132101029Name: Sourabh Arya Roll No: 132101029 Batch: 7
Experiment 2: Forced vibration of the beam through rotating unbalance
Objective
● To observe the response to the forced harmonic vibration on the undamped and damped
system.
Apparatus
● Universal Vibration System
● Spring mass damper system
● Motor setup with rotating unbalanced weight (to provide harmonic oscillations)
A writing pen is fixed to the beam at its right end as a part of the recording unit. The pen fixed
horizontally directly writes on a paper which moves forward by rotation about the vertical axis.
The paper is placed on a roller fixed to the right wall of the frame. The roller is given motor
power during the transverse vibration of the beam to cause the uniform angular velocity of the
roller for a fair recording of the data.
A viscous-oil chamber is attached to the beam near its left end to cause damping. The amount
of damping can be varied not only by changing the position of the damper along the beam
length but also by changing the screw position on the damper.
To excite the beam system harmonically, a rotating unbalanced unit is fixed to the beam in the
middle. The unit can be supplied with electrical power from behind at a variable speed (in r.p.m),
thus providing various levels of excitation frequency (𝜔).
Theory
Consider a cantilever beam of mass M with a hinged support. Let the length of the beam be L
and the moment of inertia w.r.t the hinge be 𝐉𝐨 .
Let the spring have a spring constant k and be attached at a distance b from the hinge.
Let the damper have a damping coefficient of c and be attached at a distance a from the hinge.
Let the motor rotate at a speed of 𝜔 rad/s and be attached at a distance L’ from the hinge. Let
the unbalanced mass on the exciter motor be m.
Let 𝜃 be the angular displacement of the beam from the horizontal position.
Procedure
● Set up the cantilever beam and the spring on the setup. Place the pen and paper at the end of the
beam to plot the vibration of the beam
● Set the rotation speed of the motor in the exciter (by adjusting the knob on the vibration system)
● Turn on the exciter motor at the desired frequency.
● Find the resonant frequency of the given setup by changing the rotational speed of the motor such
that the cantilever beam provides the largest oscillations.
● Make the plot by turning on the recorder unit, which would plot the response of the system.
● Observe the amplitudes for 6 other frequencies (preferably 3 of them greater than resonant frequency
and 3 smaller than it).
● Do the same for the damped oscillations. For this, a damper is attached at a certain distance(from the
hinged support).
● Compare the response characteristics of both systems
Observations
System Parameters
Calculated Parameters
Diagrams of Plots
1. Undamped Oscillation
3.2 Hz 3.4 Hz
3.6 Hz 3.8 Hz
4.0 Hz 4.2 Hz
4.4 Hz
2. Damped Oscillation
4.8 Hz 5.0 Hz
5.2 Hz 5.4 Hz
5.6 Hz 5.8 Hz
6.0 Hz
Observations for Undamped Vibrations
Natural Frequency = 3.8 Hz
f (Hz) ω Crest-Trough A (mm) θ (rad) X 𝛚⁄
𝛚𝐧
(rad/s) distance (mm)
3.2 20.096 4.5 2.25 0.003214 2.5253 0.842
3.4 21.352 5.0 2.50 0.003571 2.8058 0.895
3.6 22.608 9.5 4.75 0.006786 5.3319 0.947
3.8 23.864 53.0 26.50 0.037857 29.745 1
4.0 25.12 22.1 11.05 0.015786 12.403 1.053
4.2 26.376 9.0 4.50 0.006429 5.0514 1.105
4.4 27.632 7.1 3.55 0.005071 3.9844 1.158
Observations for Damped Vibrations
Damped Natural Frequency = 5.4 Hz
f (Hz) ω Crest-Trough A θ (rad) X 𝛚⁄
𝛚𝐧
(rad/s) distance (mm) (mm)
4.8 30.144 2.5 1.25 0.001786 1.4033 1.263
5.0 31.4 2.6 1.30 0.001857 1.4591 1.316
5.2 32.656 2.7 1.35 0.001929 1.5156 1.368
5.4 33.912 3.0 1.50 0.002143 1.6838 1.421
5.6 35.168 2.5 1.25 0.001786 1.4033 1.474
5.8 36.424 2.2 1.10 0.001571 1.2344 1.526
6.0 37.68 2.0 1.0 0.001429 1.1228 1.5789
Results
The graph between the Magnification Factor (X) and 𝜔⁄𝜔𝑛
Comparison between theoretical and experimental ωn values
Parameter Value
𝜔𝑛 theoretical 67.89 rad/s
𝜔𝑛 experimental 23.864 rad/s
Inferences and Conclusions
• The larger amplitude seen in undamped oscillations compared to damped ones
is proof that the damping forces produce a decrease in oscillation amplitude.
• The discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results stem from two
primary sources of error:
1. During the charting process, friction between the pen and paper resulted in
frictional losses, which are not ideal and led to an error.
2. Certain readings exhibit the beating phenomena, indicating that the system is
still not entirely in a stable state. Because of the differences in time between
the beats, this may result in inaccurate amplitude measurements.
• The damped system in our experiment doesn't display any discernible peaks; this
could be because the friction between the pen and paper was too great or we
weren't able to achieve the system's resonance frequency.
